Search

This paper presents an implementation of monitoring and controlling services for energy-management system/supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition systems, based on IEC 61970 and IEC 61850 international standards. The proposed solution is based on web services technology that enables the typical advantages of an open-source framework, such as applications decoupling, applications integration, reduction of upgrading costs, reuse of existing infrastructures, and ease of development. Standardized interfaces are provided by the generic interface definition interfaces of IEC 61970. The web server that has been developed has been tested in a simulation environment where the physical devices of a generic power system were simulated with databases whose data models were provided by the common information model of IEC 61970. Index Terms--Common information model (CIM), energy-management system (EMS), generic interface definition (GID) interfaces, IEC 61850, IEC 618970, Java, substation automation system (SAS), supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) system, telecontrol, telemetering, web services.

Aims The CLIMA study, on the relationship between c oronary p l aque morphology of the left anter i or descending artery and twelve m onths clinic a l outcome, was designed to explore the predictive value of multiple high-risk plaque features in the same coronary lesion [minimum lumen area (MLA), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), lipid arc circumferential extension, and presence of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-defined macrophages] as detected by OCT. Composite of cardiac death and target segment myocardial infarction was the primary clinical endpoint. Methods and results From January 2013 to December 2016, 1003 patients undergoing OCT evaluation of the untreated proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in the context of clinically indicated coronary angiogram were prospectively enrolled at 11 independent centres (clinicaltrial.gov identifier NCT02883088). At 1-year, the primary clinical endpoint was observed in 37 patients (3.7%). In a total of 1776 lipid plaques, presence of MLA <3.5 mm2 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.0], FCT <75 µm (HR 4.7, 95% CI 2.4–9.0), lipid arc circumferential extension >180° (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.8), and OCT-defined macrophages (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.1) were all associated with increased risk of the primary endpoint. The pre-specified combination of plaque features (simultaneous presence of the four OCT criteria in the same plaque) was observed in 18.9% of patients experiencing the primary endpoint and was an independent predictor of events (HR 7.54, 95% CI 3.1–18.6). Conclusion The simultaneous presence of four high-risk OCT plaque features was found to be associated with a higher risk of major coronary events. Open in new tab Download slide Open in new tab Download slide [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]