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* Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid is an uncommon lesion; only 6 cases have been reported in the English literature to date. All reported cases occurred in women, mostly after the age of 50 years. We report a case of plas. ma cell granuloma of the thyroid in a 46-year-old woman with a 20-year history of euthyroid goiter and a positive family history of goiter in 3 close relatives. The lesion was composed of sheets of plasma cells involving the entire parenchyma that histologically resembled plasmacytoma. Plasmacytoma was excluded by demonstration of polyclonal [kappa]/[lambda] light chain immunostaining and by lack of evidence of clonal bands by polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement. Similarly, the predominant histologic pattern in all previously reported cases is that of marked plasma cell infiltration. A family history of thyroid disease (goiter, thyroiditis) was associated with diffuse involvement of the thyroid. Prognosis after surgery is excellent, and to our knowledge no cases of malignant transformation or recurrence have been described., Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) of the thyroid is an uncommon lesion; a search of the English literature identified only 6 previously reported cases. Although considered by some authorities as a [...]

Byline: Rakesh. Lalla, Ravindra. Garg, Hardeep. Malhotra, Amita. Jain, Rajesh. Verma, Chandra. Pandey, Gyan. Singh, Praveen. Sharma Objectives: In patients with neurocysticercosis, perilesional inflammatory activity is thought to be responsible [...]

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine, can produce egg granulomas and the schistosomes, the parasitic worms that cause schistosomiasis, employ host TNF alpha to stimulate reproduction. Researcher P. Amiri and colleagues found that the schistosome pathogens are able to use TNF when T and B lymphocytes, which form part of the body's immune system, are not present. These findings may lead the way to more research on the co-evolution of parasites and host cytokine responses.