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To establish a genetic susceptibility assessment model of lung cancer risk potentially associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inhalation exposure among non-smokers in China, a total of 143 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 143 cancer-free individuals were recruited. Sixty-eight genetic polymorphisms in 10 pathways related to PAH metabolism and tumorigenesis were selected and examined. It was observed that 3 genetic polymorphisms, along with 10 additional genetic polymorphisms via gene-gene interactions, significantly influenced lung cancer risk potentially associated with PAH inhalation exposure. Most polymorphisms were associated with PAH metabolism. According to the established genetic susceptibility score (GSS), lung cancer risk increased with a rise in the GSS level, thereby indicating a positive dose-response relationship.

An elevated serum lipid is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Physicians' awareness contributes to successful adoption of practice guidelines. Community medical centers are the primary defense against chronic disease. This study aimed to investigate community physicians' awareness of cholesterol guidelines and their utilization.Six hundred and one community physicians were randomly selected from four different regions, and completed a confidential and semi-structured questionnaire. Four hundred and ninety-one completed the questionnaire, and 486 valid questionnaires were available.The physicians' fundamental knowledge of lipids was astonishingly poor, while the awareness of cholesterol guidelines was low. Only 24% and 14% of the physicians reported the right optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level for CHD and diabetes patients respectively. More than half of the physicians (55.8%) mistakenly considered elevated transaminases to be the lethal side effect of statins. More than half of the physicians (51.9%) would give up statin treatment in the case of transaminase elevation.Educational interventions to improve cholesterol knowledge and to publicize standard treatment are needed among Chinese community physicians.

To study the difference in prevalence of major risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in resident from Beijing communities in different age groups so as to offer suggestions for prevention of CHD in Beijing.The samples were selected by random cluster multistage method. Serum lipid level and CHD factors were determined through questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical detection for 10 054 subjects in Beijing communities during June 2007 to August 2007. According to age, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: 20 - 44 yr group, 45 - 59 yr group andor = 60 yr group.After age and sex standardization the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and obesity was 9.30%, 41.57%, 10.18%, 35.81% and 22.89% respectively. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and diabetes showed an rising trend with advancing age (trend chi(2): 15.6, 31.7 and 18.0, all P0.001). The group of 45 - 59 yr had the highest prevalence in smoking and obesity 28% and 25.27% respectively. Over 30% in the groups of 45 - 59 yr andor = 60 yr were in the borderline of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension and over 40% were overweight. After age and sex standardization, 67.15% of community residents had at least 1 CHD risk factor, 21.37% and 8.50% 2 or over 3 CHD risk factors. As compared with group 20 - 44 yr, the odds ratio (95%CI) for clustering of CHD risk factors in groups 45 - 59 yr andor = 60 yr were 2.63 (95%CI 2.371 - 2.924) and 4.3 (95%CI 3.764 - 4.913) respectively. The odds ratio (95%CI) for clustering of CHD risk factors for male vs female was 4.392 (95%CI 3.938 - 4.899).The prevalence of CHD major risk factors of Beijing community residents is high. Groups of 45 - 59 yr andor = 60 yr have a higher prevalence and clustering of CHD major risk factors than 20 - 44 yr group. So these age groups deserve a higher priority of comprehensive prevention and control strategies of CHD.

Criteria of obesity in the Chinese population with multiple metabolic risk factors remains unclear. The objective was to determine the best anthropometrical measurements with regard to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to propose optimal cut-off values. Between April and August, 2007, 3,704 men and 6,392 women aged 18-85 years were recruited from four community centers. Medical examinations included measurement of weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, fasting blood triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose concentrations, and blood pressure (BP). Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), WC and waist to stature ratio (WSR) were calculated. Four metabolic risk factors were examined: 1) high BP; 2) high levels of TG; 3) low levels of HDL-C; 4) impaired glucose tolerance. The relationships between studied indices and risk factors were analyzed using partial correlation analyses, analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression, and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The optimal cut-off values of each obesity index were calculated using ROC analysis respectively. All obesity indices were positively associated with metabolic risk factors. Area under curve (AUC) of WC was the largest foror= 2 risk factors after adjustment for age in both genders. Optimal cut-off points for WC were 89 cm in men, and 80.5cm, 82.5cm, and 89.5cm in40-yr, 40-60-yr, and60-yr women respectively. Waist circumference is best associated with metabolic risk factors among the studied indices in Chinese adults. Indices of abdominal obesity for older age groups tend to be higher than younger age groups in women.