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Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological factors affecting pathological complete response (pCR) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 78 TNBC patients treated with NAC and surgery in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to September 2023. The patients were divided into pCR group (n=28) and non-pCR group (n=50) based on whether they had achieved pCR or not. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the clinical and pathological factors affecting pCR. The pCR rate and incidence of adverse reactions after NAC between TP regimen (taxane+platinum) and TAC regimen (taxane+anthracycline+cyclophosphamide) were compared. Results The overall pCR rate was 35.9%. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in tumor diameter, chemotherapy cycle, chemotherapy regimen, paclitaxel type, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression, Ki-67 expression, and androgen receptor (AR) positive expression (P＞0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm was an independent favorable factor of pCR(OR=4.191, 95%CI: 1.246-14.094, P=0.021), and AR positive expression was an independent unfavorable factor of pCR (OR=0.124, 95%CI: 0.020-0.784, P=0.027). In addition, the pCR rate of the TP regimen was significantly better than that of the TAC regimen ［54.8%(17/31) vs 28.1%(9/32), χ2=4.636, P=0.031］, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion TP or TAC regimen and albumin bound paclitaxel in NAC for TNBC is beneficial for achieving pCR status, but the pCR rate of TP regimen is better than that of TAC regimen, and the incidence of adverse reactions is comparable. The pCR rate is higher for tumor diameter≤3 cm, while low expression of HER-2, Ki-67, or AR indicates a lower pCR rate. AR positive expression is an independent unfavorable factor of pCR.

Background: Cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 ( CIAPIN1 ) is strictly associated with the incidence and progress of several malignant tumors, but its effect on invasive breast cancer (IBC) remains unclear. We directed to research the potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of CIAPIN1 in IBC., Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were utilized to examine CIAPIN1 expression level in IBC and its relationship with clinicopathological features. The diagnostic value and prognostic importance of CIAPIN1 in IBC were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram model. The STRING database and enrichment analysis were utilized to discover the interacting proteins, biological roles and possible cellular mechanisms related to CIAPIN1 . The methylation status of CIAPIN1 was analyzed using MethSurv database and the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal (UALCAN). By using Spearman correlation assessment, how the expression of CIAPIN1 was related to TP53 , immune checkpoint genes and immune cell infiltration was determined., Results: CIAPIN1 mRNA and protein levels were overexpressed in IBC, and significantly correlated with T stage, histological type, age, ER status, PR status and PAM50 (P<0.001). CIAPIN1 overexpression significantly decreased overall survival, distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) and relapse free survival in IBC patients (P<0.001). Similarly, hypermethylation of CIAPIN1 was associated with adverse outcomes in IBC patients. Multivariate Cox analysis identified CIAPIN1 as a potential risk factor for disease specific survival (DSS) and progression free survival (PFS) in individuals with IBC. The outcomes of the ROC curve showed that CIAPIN1 had a better accuracy in predicting ER(-), PR(-) and Asian breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, there was a substantial correlation between the CIAPIN1 expression level in IBC and immune cell infiltration, TP53 , and immune checkpoint genes., Conclusions: The high expression of CIAPIN1 in IBC is significantly related to the infiltration status of various tumor immune cells and the poor prognosis of IBC patients. According to this current study, CIAPIN1 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for IBC., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-23-34/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)