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Additional file 1: Characterization of hAMSC and investigation of long-term therapeutic effects on hAMSC-treated mdx mouse.

Using data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measurements of volcanic ash clouds (VACs) and radiative transfer calculations, we attempt to simulate the measured brightness temperature spectra (BTS) of volcanic ash aerosols in the infrared region. In particular, the dependence on the ash refractive index (RI) model is investigated. We apply 21 RI models for the optical properties of ash particles, including recently published models. The results of BTS simulations are evaluated using the root mean square (rms) of the brightness temperature difference between measurements and simulations for channels in the wavenumber range of 750–1400 cm−1. The results of numerical simulations for 156 pixels of IASI measurements for ash plumes from seven volcanoes indicated that some newly established RI models have smaller rms than those obtained with the conventional ash RI model. For some eruption events, the RI models deduced from the chemical composition of ash samples for the same volcanic eruption events simulate the measured BTS well. The results suggest that infrared sounder measurements and precise BTS simulations of the VACs contribute to estimating the appropriate RI model in satellite VAC analysis.

A 62-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was admitted for cerebral infarction. The magnetic resonance angiography showed focal narrowing of the cerebral arteries that was initially considered as atherosclerosis due to her cardiovascular risk factors. Ten weeks later, she was again admitted for multiple cerebral infarctions. Vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging revealed gadolinium enhancement of the arterial walls of the narrowing lesions, leading to a diagnosis of cerebral arteritis. Based on a literature review, cerebral medium-sized arteritis in SLE likely progresses insidiously during the active phase of SLE, which may later result in occlusion irrespective of disease activity.

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is one of several collagen vascular diseases that occasionally involve the central nervous system. We report two cases of SS involving young patients who initially presented with aseptic meningitis. A male with recurrent AM was found to have anti-Ro/SSA and La/SSB antibodies in a screening test for autoimmune process. A minor salivary gland biopsy revealed lymphocytic infiltrations compatible with SS, although the patient did not exhibit sicca symptoms. A female presenting with AM and polyarthritis also reported xerophthalmia. Anti-Ro/SSA antibody testing and a positive result in a minor salivary gland biopsy led to the diagnosis of SS. In the literature review, we found that AM or aseptic meningoencephalitis (AME) preceded or had a concomitant onset with SS in approximately 70% of cases. Screening for anti-Ro/SSA antibody, as well as systemic assessment for rheumatic symptoms, may be useful for diagnosing AM/AME of unknown etiology.

1. Ocean acidification by anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is projected to depress metabolic and physiological activity in marine calcifiers. To evaluate the sensitivity of marine organisms against ocean acidification, the assimilation of nutrients into carbonate shells and soft tissues must be examined. 2. We designed a novel experimental protocol, reverse radioisotope labelling, to trace partitioning of nutrients within a single bivalve species under ocean acidification conditions. Injecting CO2 gas, free from radiocarbon, can provide a large contrast between carbon dissolved in the water and the one assimilated from atmosphere. By culturing modern aquifer organisms in acidified seawater, we were able to determine differences in the relative contributions of the end members, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater and metabolic CO2, to shell carbonate and soft tissues. 3. Under all pCO2 conditions (463, 653, 872, 1,137 and 1,337 μatm), radiocarbon (Δ14C) values of the bivalve Scapharca broughtonii shell were significantly correlated with seawater DIC values; therefore, shell carbonate was derived principally from seawater DIC. The Δ14C results together with stable carbon isotope (δ13C) data suggest that in S. broughtonii shell δ13C may reflect the kinetics of isotopic equilibration as well as end‐member contributions; thus, care must be taken when analysing end‐member contributions by a previous method using δ13C. The insensitivity of S. broughtonii to perturbations in pCO2 up to at least 1,337 µatm indicates that this species can withstand ocean acidification. 4. Usage of radioisotope to dope for tracer experiments requires strict rules to conduct any operations. Yet, reverse radioisotope labelling proposing in this study has a large advantage and is a powerful tool to understanding physiology of aquifer organisms that can be applicable to various organisms and culture experiments, such as temperature, salinity and acidification experiments, to improve understanding of the proportions of nutrients taken in by marine organisms under changing environments.

RESTECフォーラム2020 (2020年11月19日. リモート・センシング技術センター(RESTEC)オンライン会議), 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AC2100012000

The use of tactile senses in mediated communication has generated considerable research interest in past decades. Since massage is a common practice in Asian cultures, we propose to introduce massage-based interactions in mediated communication between people in a close relationship. We designed a device for distant interactive massage to be used during online conversation and we assessed its effect on interpersonal connection with eight pairs of Chinese participants in romantic relationships. All pairs were asked to engage in a conversation, either through a video call or through a massage-assisted video call. The findings showed that the use of the massage device significantly increased the perceived emotional and physical connection between the users. The results also showed a significant increase in the engagement in the massage activity, e.g., total massage time and average force per finger, from positive conversation to negative conversation, demonstrating an evidence of the interplay between audio-visual and haptic communication. Post hoc interviews showed the potential of the massage device for long-distance communication in romantic relationships as well as in parents-children relationships.