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1. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey., Comment: Project White Paper submitted to the 2020 Decadal Survey, 10 pages plus references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

Published
2019

2. CMB-S4 Science Case, Reference Design, and Project Plan

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, McQuinn, Matthew, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the science case, reference design, and project plan for the Stage-4 ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4., Comment: 287 pages, 82 figures

Published
2019

3. The 1.4 mm core of Centaurus A: First VLBI results with the South Pole Telescope

Author

Kim, Junhan, Marrone, Daniel P., Roy, Alan L., Wagner, Jan, Asada, Keiichi, Beaudoin, Christopher, Blanchard, Jay, Carlstrom, John E., Chen, Ming-Tang, Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Fish, Vincent L., Greer, Christopher H., Gurwell, Mark A., Henning, Jason W., Inoue, Makoto, Keisler, Ryan, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Lu, Ru-Sen, Muders, Dirk, Müller, Cornelia, Nguyen, Chi H., Ros, Eduardo, SooHoo, Jason, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Vertatschitsch, Laura, Weintroub, Jonathan, and Zensus, J. Anton

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Centaurus A (Cen A) is a bright radio source associated with the nearby galaxy NGC 5128 where high-resolution radio observations can probe the jet at scales of less than a light-day. The South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) performed a single-baseline very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observation of Cen A in January 2015 as part of VLBI receiver deployment for the SPT. We measure the correlated flux density of Cen A at a wavelength of 1.4 mm on a $\sim$7000 km (5 G$\lambda$) baseline. Ascribing this correlated flux density to the core, and with the use of a contemporaneous short-baseline flux density from a Submillimeter Array observation, we infer a core brightness temperature of $1.4 \times 10^{11}$ K. This is close to the equipartition brightness temperature, where the magnetic and relativistic particle energy densities are equal. Under the assumption of a circular Gaussian core component, we derive an upper limit to the core size $\phi = 34.0 \pm 1.8~\mu\textrm{as}$, corresponding to 120 Schwarzschild radii for a black hole mass of $5.5 \times 10^7 M_{\odot}$., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2018
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4. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, de Haan, Tijmen, Alighieri, Sperello di Serego, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman, Glenn D., Story, Kyle T., van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn, Nathan, and Wu, W. L. Kimmy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

Published
2016

5. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G, Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A, Bischoff, Colin A, Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Chang, Clarence L, Crawford, Thomas M, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Bernardis, Francesco De, Haan, Tijmen de, Alighieri, Sperello di Serego, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W, Hill, J Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M, Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T, Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S, Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David JE, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D, Munoz, Julian B, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D, Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L, Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M, Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D, Smith, Tristan L, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman, Glenn D, Story, Kyle T, Engelen, Alexander van, Vieira, Joaquin D, Watson, Scott, Whitehorn, Nathan, and Wu, WL Kimmy

Subjects
astro-ph.CO, gr-qc, hep-ph, hep-th
Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by thenext-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4,envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the highChilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equippedwith new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmologicalstudies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-modepolarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determinationof the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of newlight relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing generalrelativity on large scales.

Published
2016

6. On the Origin of Cool Core Galaxy Clusters: Comparing X-Ray Observations with Numerical Simulations

Author

Henning, Jason W., Gantner, Brennan, Burns, Jack O., and Hallman, Eric J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

To better constrain models of cool core galaxy cluster formation, we have used X-ray observations taken from the Chandra and ROSAT archives to examine the properties of cool core and non-cool core clusters, especially beyond the cluster cores. We produced X-ray images, surface brightness profiles, and hardness ratio maps of 30 nearby rich Abell clusters (17 cool cores and 13 non-cool cores). We show that the use of double beta-models with cool core surface brightness profiles and single beta-models for non-cool core profiles yield statistically significant differences in the slopes (i.e., beta values) of the outer surface brightness profiles, but similar cluster core radii, for the two types of clusters. Hardness ratio profiles as well as spectroscopically-fit temperatures suggest that non-cool core clusters are warmer than cool core clusters of comparable mass beyond the cluster cores. We compared the properties of these clusters with the results from analogously reduced simulations of 88 numerical clusters created by the AMR Enzo code. The simulated surface brightness profiles have steeper beta-model fits in the outer cluster regions for both cool cores and non-cool cores, suggesting additional ICM heating is required compared to observed cluster ICMs. Temperature and surface brightness profiles reveal that the simulated clusters are over-cooled in their cores. As in the observations, however, simulated hardness ratio and temperature profiles indicate that non-cool core clusters are warmer than cool core clusters of comparable mass far beyond the cluster cores. The general similarities between observations and simulations support a model described in Burns et al. 2008 suggesting that non-cool core clusters suffered early major mergers destroying nascent cool cores., Comment: 22 emulateapj pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2009
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7. Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution

Author

Kim, Jae-Young, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Broderick, Avery E., Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Gomez, Jose L., Johnson, Michael D., Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Akiyama, Kazunori, Jorstad, Svetlana, Marscher, Alan P., Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Savolainen, Tuomas, Pesce, Dominic W., Ozel, Feryal, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crowley, Joseph, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I, Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, John, David, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C-C, Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Antony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, Ziurys, Lucy, Kim, Jae-Young, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Broderick, Avery E., Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Gomez, Jose L., Johnson, Michael D., Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Akiyama, Kazunori, Jorstad, Svetlana, Marscher, Alan P., Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Savolainen, Tuomas, Pesce, Dominic W., Ozel, Feryal, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crowley, Joseph, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I, Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, John, David, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C-C, Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Antony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, and Ziurys, Lucy

Abstract

3C 279 is an archetypal blazar with a prominent radio jet that show broadband flux density variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We use an ultra-high angular resolution technique - global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at 1.3 mm (230 GHz) - to resolve the innermost jet of 3C 279 in order to study its fine-scale morphology close to the jet base where highly variable gamma -ray emission is thought to originate, according to various models. The source was observed during four days in April 2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope at 230 GHz, including the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), at an angular resolution of similar to 20 mu as (at a redshift of z=0.536 this corresponds to similar to 0.13 pc similar to 1700 Schwarzschild radii with a black hole mass M-BH=8x10(8) M-circle dot). Imaging and model-fitting techniques were applied to the data to parameterize the fine-scale source structure and its variation. We find a multicomponent inner jet morphology with the northernmost component elongated perpendicular to the direction of the jet, as imaged at longer wavelengths. The elongated nuclear structure is consistent on all four observing days and across different imaging methods and model-fitting techniques, and therefore appears robust. Owing to its compactness and brightness, we associate the northern nuclear structure as the VLBI core. This morphology can be interpreted as either a broad resolved jet base or a spatially bent jet. We also find significant day-to-day variations in the closure phases, which appear most pronounced on the triangles with the longest baselines. Our analysis shows that this variation is related to a systematic change of the source structure. Two inner jet components move non-radially at apparent speeds of similar to 15 c and similar to 20 c (similar to 1.3 and similar to 1.7 mu as day(-1), respectively), which more strongly supports the scenario of traveling shocks or instabilities in a be

Published
2020

8. CMB-S4

Author

Carlstrom, John, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Bean, Rachel, Hložek, Renee, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Holder, Gil, Bebek, Chris, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umilta, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Holzapfel, William, Vieira, Joaquin D., Bender, Amy N., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Hubmayr, Johannes, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Benson, Bradford A., Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Zonca, Andrea, Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Huffenberger, Kevin M., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, BONATO, MATTEO, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Huffer, Michael, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Hui, Howard, Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, DE ZOTTI, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Irwin, Kent, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Johnson, Bradley R., Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Johnstone, Doug, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Bailey, Kathy, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Jones, William C., Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Barkats, Denis, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Barron, Darcy, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, JeanBaptiste, Barry, Peter S., Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Bartlett, James G., Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Basu Thakur, Ritoban, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Battaglia, Nicholas, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Baxter, Eric, and Saliwanchik, Benjamin

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe the stage 4 cosmic microwave background ground-based experiment CMB-S4.

Published
2019

9. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole

Author

Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Gomez, Jose L., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Young, Ken, Young, Andre, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crowley, Joseph, David, John, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C. -C., Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Paine, Scott N., Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Anthony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, Ziurys, Lucy, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Gomez, Jose L., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Young, Ken, Young, Andre, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crowley, Joseph, David, John, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C. -C., Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Paine, Scott N., Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Anthony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, and Ziurys, Lucy

Abstract

When surrounded by a transparent emission region, black holes are expected to reveal a dark shadow caused by gravitational light bending and photon capture at the event horizon. To image and study this phenomenon, we have assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometry array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. This allows us to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We have resolved the central compact radio source as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as, which is circular and encompasses a central depression in brightness with a flux ratio greater than or similar to 10: 1. The emission ring is recovered using different calibration and imaging schemes, with its diameter and width remaining stable over four different observations carried out in different days. Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. The asymmetry in brightness in the ring can be explained in terms of relativistic beaming of the emission from a plasma rotating close to the speed of light around a black hole. We compare our images to an extensive library of ray-traced general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black holes and derive a central mass of M = (6.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(9) M-circle dot. Our radio-wave observations thus provide powerful evidence for the presence of supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies and as the central engines of active galactic nuclei. They also present a new tool to explore gravity in its most extreme limit and on a mass scale that was so far not accessible.

Published
2019

10. The 1.4 mm Core of Centaurus A: First VLBI Results with the South Pole Telescope

Author

Kim, Junhan, primary, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Beaudoin, Christopher, additional, Blanchard, Jay, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Greer, Christopher H., additional, Gurwell, Mark A., additional, Henning, Jason W., additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Keisler, Ryan, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Muders, Dirk, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Nguyen, Chi H., additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Vertatschitsch, Laura, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, and Zensus, J. Anton, additional

Published
2018
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11. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Francis-Yan, Cyr-Racine, Francesco, Bernardis, Haan, Tijmen, Di Serego Alighieri, Sperello, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Colin Hill, J., Hložek, Renée, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Chao-Lin, Kuo, Kusaka, Akito, Maude Le, Jeune, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Mathew Madhavacheril, Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., Jeffrey, Mcmahon, Pieter Daniel, Meerburg, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman, Glenn D., Story, Kyle T., Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn, Nathan, and Wu, W. L. Kimmy

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gr-qc, hep-th, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

Published
2017

13. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Peter Adshead, Zeeshan Ahmed, Allen, Steven W., David Alonso, Arnold, Kam S., Carlo Baccigalupi, Bartlett, James G., Nicholas Battaglia, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Julian Borrill, Victor Buza, Erminia Calabrese, Robert Caldwell, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, Francesco De Bernardis, Tijmen de Haan, Sperello di Serego Alighieri, Joanna Dunkley, Cora Dvorkin, Josquin Errard, Giulio Fabbian, Stephen Feeney, Simone Ferraro, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Raphael Flauger, Fuller, George M., Vera Gluscevic, Daniel Green, Daniel Grin, Evan Grohs, Henning, Jason W., Colin Hill, J., Renee Hlozek, Gilbert Holder, William Holzapfel, Wayne Hu, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Reijo Keskitalo, Lloyd Knox, Arthur Kosowsky, John Kovac, Kovetz, Ely D., Chao-Lin Kuo, Akito Kusaka, Maude Le Jeune, Lee, Adrian T., Marc Lilley, Marilena Loverde, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Adam Mantz, Marsh, David J. E., Jeffrey McMahon, Pieter Meerburg, Joel Meyers, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Ho Nam Nguyen, Niemack, Michael D., Marco Peloso, Julien Peloton, Levon Pogosian, Clement Pryke, Marco Raveri, Reichardt, Christian L., Graca Rocha, Aditya Rotti, Emmanuel Schaan, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Douglas Scott, Neelima Sehgal, Sarah Shandera, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Lorenzo Sorbo, Starkman, Glenn D., Story, Kyle T., Alexander van Engelen, Vieira, Joaquin D., Scott Watson, Nathan Whitehorn, and Kimmy Wu, W. L.

Subjects
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, QB
Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

14. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author

Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Haan, Tijmen, Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, Mcmahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, P, Ey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alex, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Aless, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Era, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, Engelen, Alex, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Zonca, Andrea, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Lagrange de Paris, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey., Comment: Project White Paper submitted to the 2020 Decadal Survey, 10 pages plus references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473

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15. Characterization and performance of the second-year SPT-3G focal plane

Author

Gao, Jian-Rong, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Avva, Jessica S., Ade, Peter A. R., Anderson, Adam J., Dutcher, Daniel, Guns, Sam T., Quan, Wei, Gallicchio, Jason, Young, Matt R., Yoon, Ki Won, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Whitehorn, Nathan, Wang, Gensheng, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vanderlinde, Keith, Tucker, Carole, Thompson, Keith L., Suzuki, Aritoki, Story, Kyle T., Stark, Antony A., Sobrin, Joshua A., Smecher, Graeme, Shirokoff, Erik, Sayre, James T., Ruhl, John E., Rahlin, Alexandra, Posada, Chrystian M., Pearson, John, Pan, Zhaodi, Padin, Stephen, Novosad, Valentine, Noble, Gavin I., Nguyen, Hogan, Natoli, Tyler, Nadolski, Andrew, Montgomery, Joshua, Michalik, Daniel, Meyer, Stephan S., Lowitz, Amy E., Lee, Adrian T., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kubik, Donna L., Korman, Milo, Kofman, Anna M., Khaire, Trupti S., Jonas, Michelle, Jeong, Oliver B., Irwin, Kent D., Huang, Nicholas, Holzapfel, William L., Henning, Jason W., Harrington, Nicholas L., Harke-Hosemann, Angelina H., Halverson, Nils W., Groh, John C., Gilbert, Adam, Foster, Allen, Everett, Wendeline, Dobbs, Matthew A., Ding, Junjia, de Haan, Tijmen, Cukierman, Ari, Cliche, Jean-François, Chang, Clarence L., Cecil, Thomas W., Carter, Faustin W., Carlstrom, John E., Benson, Bradford A., Bender, Amy N., Thakur, Ritoban B., Ahmed, Zeeshan, Gao, Jian-Rong, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Avva, Jessica S., Ade, Peter A. R., Anderson, Adam J., Dutcher, Daniel, Guns, Sam T., Quan, Wei, Gallicchio, Jason, Young, Matt R., Yoon, Ki Won, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Whitehorn, Nathan, Wang, Gensheng, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vanderlinde, Keith, Tucker, Carole, Thompson, Keith L., Suzuki, Aritoki, Story, Kyle T., Stark, Antony A., Sobrin, Joshua A., Smecher, Graeme, Shirokoff, Erik, Sayre, James T., Ruhl, John E., Rahlin, Alexandra, Posada, Chrystian M., Pearson, John, Pan, Zhaodi, Padin, Stephen, Novosad, Valentine, Noble, Gavin I., Nguyen, Hogan, Natoli, Tyler, Nadolski, Andrew, Montgomery, Joshua, Michalik, Daniel, Meyer, Stephan S., Lowitz, Amy E., Lee, Adrian T., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kubik, Donna L., Korman, Milo, Kofman, Anna M., Khaire, Trupti S., Jonas, Michelle, Jeong, Oliver B., Irwin, Kent D., Huang, Nicholas, Holzapfel, William L., Henning, Jason W., Harrington, Nicholas L., Harke-Hosemann, Angelina H., Halverson, Nils W., Groh, John C., Gilbert, Adam, Foster, Allen, Everett, Wendeline, Dobbs, Matthew A., Ding, Junjia, de Haan, Tijmen, Cukierman, Ari, Cliche, Jean-François, Chang, Clarence L., Cecil, Thomas W., Carter, Faustin W., Carlstrom, John E., Benson, Bradford A., Bender, Amy N., Thakur, Ritoban B., and Ahmed, Zeeshan

Abstract

The third-generation instrument for the 10-meter South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was first installed in January 2017. In addition to completely new cryostats, secondary telescope optics, and readout electronics, the number of detectors in the focal plane has increased by an order of magnitude from previous instruments to ~16,000. The SPT-3G focal plane consists of ten detector modules, each with an array of 269 trichroic, polarization-sensitive pixels on a six-inch silicon wafer. Within each pixel is a broadband, dual-polarization sinuous antenna; the signal from each orthogonal linear polarization is divided into three frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz by in-line lumped element filters and transmitted via superconducting microstrip to Ti/Au transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Properties of the TES film, microstrip filters, and bolometer island must be tightly controlled to achieve optimal performance. For the second year of SPT-3G operation, we have replaced all ten wafers in the focal plane with new detector arrays tuned to increase mapping speed and improve overall performance. Here we discuss the TES superconducting transition temperature and normal resistance, detector saturation power, bandpasses, optical efficiency, and full array yield for the 2018 focal plane.

16. Large arrays of dual-polarized multichroic TES detectors for CMB measurements with the SPT-3G receiver

Author

Holland, Wayne S., Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Posada, Chrystian M., Ade, Peter A. R., Anderson, Adam J., Avva, Jessica, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Arnold, Kam S., Austermann, Jason, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bleem, Lindsey, Byrum, Karen, Carlstrom, John E., Carter, Faustin W., Chang, Clarence, Cho, Hsiao-Mei, Cukierman, Ari, Czaplewski, David A., Ding, Junjia, Divan, Ralu N. S., de Haan, Tijmen, Dobbs, Matt, Dutcher, Daniel, Everett, Wenderline, Gannon, Renae N., Guyser, Robert J., Halverson, Nils W., Harrington, Nicholas L., Hattori, Kaori, Henning, Jason W., Hilton, Gene C., Holzapfel, William L., Huang, Nicholas, Irwin, Kent D., Jeong, Oliver, Khaire, Trupti, Korman, Milo, Kubik, Donna L., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, Erik M., Lendinez Escudero, Sergi, Meyer, Stephan S., Miller, Christina S., Montgomery, Joshua, Nadolski, Andrew, Natoli, Tyler J., Nguyen, Hogan, Novosad, Valentyn, Padin, Stephen, Pan, Zhaodi, Pearson, John E., Rahlin, Alexandra, Reichardt, Christian L., Ruhl, John E., Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Shirley, Ian, Sayre, James T., Shariff, Jamil A., Shirokoff, Erik D., Stan, Liliana, Stark, Antony A., Sobrin, Joshua, Story, Kyle, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tang, Qing Yang, Thakur, Ritoban B., Thompson, Keith L., Tucker, Carole E., Vanderlinde, Keith, Vieira, Joaquin D., Wang, Gensheng, Whitehorn, Nathan, Yefremenko, Volodymyr, Yoon, Ki Won, Holland, Wayne S., Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Posada, Chrystian M., Ade, Peter A. R., Anderson, Adam J., Avva, Jessica, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Arnold, Kam S., Austermann, Jason, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bleem, Lindsey, Byrum, Karen, Carlstrom, John E., Carter, Faustin W., Chang, Clarence, Cho, Hsiao-Mei, Cukierman, Ari, Czaplewski, David A., Ding, Junjia, Divan, Ralu N. S., de Haan, Tijmen, Dobbs, Matt, Dutcher, Daniel, Everett, Wenderline, Gannon, Renae N., Guyser, Robert J., Halverson, Nils W., Harrington, Nicholas L., Hattori, Kaori, Henning, Jason W., Hilton, Gene C., Holzapfel, William L., Huang, Nicholas, Irwin, Kent D., Jeong, Oliver, Khaire, Trupti, Korman, Milo, Kubik, Donna L., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Lee, Adrian T., Leitch, Erik M., Lendinez Escudero, Sergi, Meyer, Stephan S., Miller, Christina S., Montgomery, Joshua, Nadolski, Andrew, Natoli, Tyler J., Nguyen, Hogan, Novosad, Valentyn, Padin, Stephen, Pan, Zhaodi, Pearson, John E., Rahlin, Alexandra, Reichardt, Christian L., Ruhl, John E., Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Shirley, Ian, Sayre, James T., Shariff, Jamil A., Shirokoff, Erik D., Stan, Liliana, Stark, Antony A., Sobrin, Joshua, Story, Kyle, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tang, Qing Yang, Thakur, Ritoban B., Thompson, Keith L., Tucker, Carole E., Vanderlinde, Keith, Vieira, Joaquin D., Wang, Gensheng, Whitehorn, Nathan, Yefremenko, Volodymyr, and Yoon, Ki Won

Abstract

Detectors for cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments are now essentially background limited, so a straightforward alternative to improve sensitivity is to increase the number of detectors. Large arrays of multichroic pixels constitute an economical approach to increasing the number of detectors within a given focal plane area. Here, we present the fabrication of large arrays of dual-polarized multichroic transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers for the South Pole Telescope third-generation CMB receiver (SPT-3G). The complete SPT-3G receiver will have 2690 pixels, each with six detectors, allowing for individual measurement of three spectral bands (centered at 95 GHz, 150 GHz and 220 GHz) in two orthogonal polarizations. In total, the SPT-3G focal plane will have 16140 detectors. Each pixel is comprised of a broad-band sinuous antenna coupled to a niobium microstrip transmission line. In-line filters are used to define the different band-passes before the millimeter-wavelength signal is fed to the respective Ti/Au TES sensors. Detectors are read out using a 64x frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) scheme. The microfabrication of the SPT-3G detector arrays involves a total of 18 processes, including 13 lithography steps. Together with the fabrication process, the effect of processing on the Ti/Au TES’s Tc is discussed. In addition, detectors fabricated with Ti/Au TES films with Tc between 400 mK 560 mK are presented and their thermal characteristics are evaluated. Optical characterization of the arrays is presented as well, indicating that the response of the detectors is in good agreement with the design values for all three spectral bands (95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 220 GHz). The measured optical efficiency of the detectors is between 0.3 and 0.8. Results discussed here are extracted from a batch of research of development wafers used to develop the baseline process for the fabrication of the arrays of detectors to be deployed with the SPT-3G receiver. Results from

17. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, Kimmy Wu, W.L., Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, and Kimmy Wu, W.L.

Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

18. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, Kimmy Wu, W.L., Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, and Kimmy Wu, W.L.

Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

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