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Summary Objective The objective of this randomized equivalence trial was to determine the impact of consuming lean beef as part of a high protein (HP) weight‐reducing diet on changes in body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic health. Methods A total of 120 adults (99 female) with overweight or obesity (BMI: 35.7 ± 7.0 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to consume either a HP diet with ≥4 weekly servings of lean beef (B; n = 60) or a HP diet restricted in all red meats (NB; n = 60) during a 16‐week weight loss intervention. Results Body weight was reduced by 7.8 ± 5.9% in B and 7.7 ± 5.5% in NB (p

Summary Objective This 12‐month randomized, non‐inferiority clinical trial sought to determine the impact of consuming soy protein as part of an energy‐restricted, high‐protein diet on weight loss, body composition and cardiometabolic health. Methods Seventy‐one adults (58 female) with overweight or obesity (body mass index: 32.9 ± 3.6 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to consume three servings of soy (S) or non‐soy (NS) protein foods per day for 12 months. All participants completed a group‐based behavioural weight loss program lasting 4 months (M4), and follow‐up assessments were completed at month 12 (M12). Results Body weight was reduced in both groups at M4 (S: −7.0% ± 5.2%, NS: −7.1% ± 5.7%) and M12 (S: 3.6% ± 5.1%, NS: −4.8% ± 7.3%). Body weight reductions (mean difference [90% confidence interval]) were not different between S and NS at either time point (M4: −0.16% [−1.4, 3.6], P = 0.90; M12: 1.1% [−1.4, 3.6], P = 0.44). Differences in body fat mass loss were not different between S and NS at M4 (0.29 ± 0.84 kg, P = 0.73) or M12 (0.78 ± 1.5 kg, P = 0.59). Weight loss‐induced improvements in cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure did not differ between S and NS. Conclusion These results indicate that soy‐based protein foods can be effectively incorporated into an energy‐restricted, high‐protein diet for improving body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic health.

Energy intake (EI) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) are key modifiable determinants of energy balance, traditionally assessed by self-report despite its repeated demonstration of considerable inaccuracies. We argue here that it is time to move from the common view that self-reports of EI and PAEE are imperfect, but nevertheless deserving of use, to a view commensurate with the evidence that self-reports of EI and PAEE are so poor that they are wholly unacceptable for scientific research on EI and PAEE. While new strategies for objectively determining energy balance are in their infancy, it is unacceptable to use decidedly inaccurate instruments, which may misguide health-care policies, future research and clinical judgment. The scientific and medical communities should discontinue reliance on self-reported EI and PAEE. Researchers and sponsors should develop objective measures of energy balance.