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An 80-year-old man with a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was referred to our department for a solitary lung nodule. The nodule was surgically resected and diagnosed as SCC. Because the lung lesion and a previous skin lesion showed similar histological findings, the origin of the lung tumor was uncertain. Next-generation sequencing using a targeted driver oncogene panel was applied for the further examination. The lung lesion was diagnosed as primary lung SCC, as the two tumors possessed distinct somatic mutations in TP53. Recent advances in clinical sequencing have enabled us to obtain an accurate diagnosis in pathologically challenging cases.

Optical scattering spectra and angular distribution of scattering intensities were evaluated using concentrated orange juice. The concentrated orange juice was opaque due to the scattering particles included. In these specimens, the scattering intensities and angular distribution of the scattering intensities varies with the refractive index ratio of the scattering particles against the liquid surrounding the particles. The sugar concentrations of orange juice, which are linearly correlated with the refractive index of the specimens, can therefore be measured by the scattering intensities and their angular distributions. The scattering intensities measured using a halogen lamp, a white LED, a yellow LED, a red LED and near-infrared LEDs (λ = 850 nm and 940 nm) vary linearly with the sugar concentrations of the specimens. The gradient and correlation coefficient of the calibration lines fitted are found to vary with the scattering angles, θ. A non-destructive evaluation of the sugar concentrations of orange juice can be measured sensitively at θ = 170 or 160 °s with any incident lights which are scattered from the specimens.

Concentrations of vitamin B2 in milk were evaluated based on photoluminescence (PL) peak intensities at around λ = 545 nm. PL was measured in a back-scattering configuration using a 3.2 mm diameter optical fibre bundle irradiated by ultra-violet LEDs, violet LEDs or a blue LED as the excitation light. The tip of the optical fibre bundle was dipped into commercially available whole milk, low-fat milk and non-fat milk. PL peaking at 545 nm was observed under LED irradiation. Vitamin B2 concentrations were measured using a standard addition method and a calibration curve method. Deviation between the vitamin B2 concentration measured by PL using a standard addition method and those by HPLC technique varied with wavelength of excitation light and was smallest with violet LED (405 nm) excitation. The standard deviation of results measured by PL using a calibration curve method was better than those using a standard addition method.

Optical back-scattering from milk with various fat and protein concentrations were evaluated in a back-scattering configuration using white, violet, blue, green, red or near infrared (NIR, λ = 850 and 940 nm) LEDs as the light source. The tip of the optical fibre bundle was dipped into the milk with fat and protein concentrations from 8.2 to 39 g L−1 and 32 to 37.7 g L−1, respectively. The back-scattering intensities varied linearly with the fat and protein concentrations of the milk. The slope (G) of calibration lines varied with the wavelength of the incident light. The G of the fat concentrations became zero at wavelength around λ = 520 nm and that of the protein concentrations was much smaller than that of the fat concentrations at NIR wavelengths. The fat and protein concentrations can therefore be measured separately based on the scattering intensities by selecting the wavelength for measurement.

As corals in tropical regions are threatened by increasing water temperatures, poleward range expansion of reef-building corals has been observed, and temperate regions are expected to serve as refugia in the face of climate change. To elucidate the important indicators of the sustainability of coral populations, we examined the genetic diversity and connectivity of the common reef-building coral Acropora hyacinthus along the Kuroshio Current, including recently expanded (

The inspection of solder joints on printed circuit boards is a difficult task because defects inside the joints cannot be observed directly. In addition, because anomalous samples are rarely obtained in a general anomaly detection situation, many methods use only normal samples in the learning phase. However, sometimes a small number of anomalous samples are available for learning. We propose a method to improve performance using a small number of anomalous samples for training in such situations. Specifically, our proposal is an anomaly detection method using an adversarial autoencoder (AAE) and Hotelling’s T-squared distribution. First, the AAE learns features of the solder joint following the standard Gaussian distribution from a large number of normal samples and a small number of anomalous samples. Then, the anomaly score of a solder joint is calculated by Hotelling’s T-squared method from the features learned by the AAE. Finally, anomaly detection is performed by thresholding using this anomaly score. In experiments, we show that our method performs anomaly detection with few false positives in such situations. Moreover, we confirmed that our method outperforms the conventional method using handcrafted features and a one-class support vector machine.

Photoluminescence spectrum, trap depths, and densities of trapped carriers of CaAl2O4:Eu phosphor crystals doped with rare-earth elements were studied using the thermally stimulated luminescence technique. Trap depths and densities of the specimens vary with rare-earth elements doped as the auxiliary activators. Tm and Nd are found to be effective for the strong afterglow phosphorescence peaking at λ = 442 nm for several hours after the excitation. CaAl2O4:Eu phosphor crystals doped with Nd and Tm include high density of carriers trapped at E = 0.59 and 0.52 eV, respectively.

Optical scattering spectra and angular distribution of scattering intensities were evaluated using commercially available tomato juice for a non-destructive quality control. A halogen lamp, a red LED and NIR LEDs (λ = 850 nm and λ = 940 nm) can be used as the incident light for scattering evaluations of tomato because incident light with wavelengths shorter than 550 nm is absorbed by pigments in tomato. Scattering intensities and their angular distributions are found to depend on the sugar concentrations of tomato juice. The scattering intensities vary linearly with the sugar concentrations of the specimens irradiated with a halogen lamp, a red LED or NIR LEDs (λ = 850 nm and λ = 940 nm). Gradient of calibration lines, G, between the sugar concentrations and the scattering intensities varies with the scattering angles and the wavelength of light irradiated. G is large negative value with large scattering angles such as a back scattering configuration. While, G is small positive value with small scattering angles such as a forward scattering configuration.

Equipment for the non-destructive evaluations of a tomato has been developed based on the scattering spectra, the angular distributions of the scattering intensities, and the scattering images from the specimens. The sugar concentrations of tomato can be estimated optically based on the scattering intensities using a halogen lamp, a white light-emitting diode (white LED), a yellow LED, a red LED, and near infrared LEDs (λ = 850 nm and 940 nm) as the incident lights. The scattering intensity is found to vary linearly with sugar concentrations of tomato with any wavelengths at which the scattering light can be observed. The gradient of calibration lines of the sugar concentrations against the scattering intensities varies with scattering angles, θ. Evaluations at around θ = 160° are found to be suitable because of the large gradient and good linearity with the correlation coefficient, R, close to 1.

In this article, vehicle dynamics integrated control algorithm using an on-line non-linear optimization method is proposed for 4-wheel-distributed steering and 4-wheel-distributed traction/ braking systems. The proposed distribution algorithm calculates the magnitude and direction of tire forces, which satisfy constraints corresponding to the target resultant force and moment of the vehicle motion and which minimizes maximum μ rate (=tire force/friction circle) of each tire. Convexity of this problem is shown, so that the global optimality of the convergent solution of the recursive algorithm is guaranteed. This implies that theoretical limited performance of vehicle dynamics integrated control is clarified. The proposed algorithm is based on SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming) and steepest gradient algorithm. Calculation speed performance of the proposed algorithm is shown in comparison with primal-dual interior-point method, which is representative optimization method. Furthermore, the effect of this vehicle dynamics control is demonstrated by simulation and experiment to compare with various vehicle dynamics integrated control methods.

This paper describes a fiber optic oxygen sensor using fluorescence and its application to clinical examinations. The quenching ratio of fluorecence is proportional to oxygen partial pressure by the Stern-Volmer's formula by which the oxygen concentration is possible to estimate from measured emission intensity. We have fabricated a microscopic luminous probe using Solvent Green 5 doped plastic optical fiber coupler. A microscopic luminous probe was experimentally investigated as an oxygen sensor in visible light. In addition, we have clarified various characteristics of this sensor.

This paper describes a fiber-optic oxygen sensor using fluorescence and its application to clinical examinations. The quenching ratio of fluorescence is proportional to oxygen partial pressure by Stern-Volmer's formula in which oxygen concentration is estimated from measured emission intensity. We fabricated a microscopic luminous probe using a Solvent Green 5 doped plastic optical fiber coupler. The probe was studied as an oxygen sensor in visible light. We also clarified sensor characteristics.

We have been developing the CAD scheme for head and abdominal injuries for emergency medical care. In this work, we have developed an automated method to detect typical head injuries, rupture or strokes of brain. Extradural and subdural hematoma region were detected by comparing technique after the brain areas were registered using warping. We employ 5 normal and 15 stroke cases to estimate the performance after creating the brain model with 50 normal cases. Some of the hematoma regions were detected correctly in all of the stroke cases with no false positive findings on normal cases.