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1. RMFA-Net: A Neural ISP for Real RAW to RGB Image Reconstruction

Author

Li, Fei, Hou, Wenbo, and Jia, Peng

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Deep learning-based ISP algorithms have demonstrated significant potential in raw2rgb reconstruction. However, existing networks have not fully considered the specific characteristics of raw data, such as black level and CFA, which can negatively impact texture and color if mishandled. Moreover, uneven exposure in raw data is also not considered carefully, leading to adverse effects on contrast and brightness. In this paper, we introduce RMFA-Net to tackle these problems. We perform implicit black level correction to mitigate color shifts in dim scenes. To preserve high-frequency information and prevent misalignment, we propose a novel Three-Channel-Split mode. To address the issue of uneven exposure, we designed an explicit tone mapping module based on the Retinex theory. We train and evaluate our models using the dataset released by the Mobile AI 2022 Learned Smartphone ISP Challenge. It is demonstrated that RMFA-Net outperforms previous algorithms, achieving a PSNR score of over 25 dB, surpassing the state-of-the-art by +1 dB. Furthermore, we developed a lightweight version, RMFANet-tiny, for engineering deployment while still maintaining strong performance, surpassing the SOTA by +0.5 dB.

Published
2024

2. UA-Track: Uncertainty-Aware End-to-End 3D Multi-Object Tracking

Author

Zhou, Lijun, Tang, Tao, Hao, Pengkun, He, Zihang, Ho, Kalok, Gu, Shuo, Hou, Wenbo, Hao, Zhihui, Sun, Haiyang, Zhan, Kun, Jia, Peng, Lang, Xianpeng, and Liang, Xiaodan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

3D multiple object tracking (MOT) plays a crucial role in autonomous driving perception. Recent end-to-end query-based trackers simultaneously detect and track objects, which have shown promising potential for the 3D MOT task. However, existing methods overlook the uncertainty issue, which refers to the lack of precise confidence about the state and location of tracked objects. Uncertainty arises owing to various factors during motion observation by cameras, especially occlusions and the small size of target objects, resulting in an inaccurate estimation of the object's position, label, and identity. To this end, we propose an Uncertainty-Aware 3D MOT framework, UA-Track, which tackles the uncertainty problem from multiple aspects. Specifically, we first introduce an Uncertainty-aware Probabilistic Decoder to capture the uncertainty in object prediction with probabilistic attention. Secondly, we propose an Uncertainty-guided Query Denoising strategy to further enhance the training process. We also utilize Uncertainty-reduced Query Initialization, which leverages predicted 2D object location and depth information to reduce query uncertainty. As a result, our UA-Track achieves state-of-the-art performance on the nuScenes benchmark, i.e., 66.3% AMOTA on the test split, surpassing the previous best end-to-end solution by a significant margin of 8.9% AMOTA.

Published
2024

3. Comparative verification of hydro-mechanical fracture behavior: Task G of international research project DECOVALEX–2023

Author

Mollaali, Mostafa, Kolditz, Olaf, Hu, Mengsu, Park, Chan–Hee, Park, Jung–Wook, McDermott, Christopher Ian, Chittenden, Neil, Bond, Alexander, Yoon, Jeoung Seok, Zhou, Jian, Pan, Peng–Zhi, Liu, Hejuan, Hou, Wenbo, Lei, Hongwu, Zhang, Liwei, Nagel, Thomas, Barsch, Markus, Wang, Wenqing, Nguyen, Son, Kwon, Saeha, Lee, Changsoo, and Yoshioka, Keita

Subjects
Engineering, Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy, Fracture mechanics, Numerical method, Code comparison, Benchmarking, DECOVALEX-2023, Civil Engineering, Mining & Metallurgy, Civil engineering, Resources engineering and extractive metallurgy
Abstract

Numerical simulations become a necessity when experimental approaches cannot cover the required physical and time scale of interest. One of such area is a simulation of long-term host rock behaviors for nuclear waste disposal and simulation tools involved in the assessment must go through rigorous validation tests. The DECOVALEX project (Development of COupled models and their VAlidation against EXperiments) is dedicated to this purpose by international participants.a This work is part of the ongoing phase DECOVALEX–2023 (D–2023, Task G) particularly aiming to simulate fracture behaviors under various conditions. Here, we cross-verified a variety of numerical methods including continuous and discontinuous approaches against four benchmark exercises with emphasis on numerical accuracy and parameterization of the various numerical approaches. The systematic inter-comparisons of test cases highlight advantages and disadvantages of the different numerical models. Numerical details on discretization effects (e.g. mesh density and orientation) and domain size were investigated in detail for practical applications. It became evident that meticulous attention to mesh resolution and domain size is imperative for achieving accurate numerical simulations, even for static cracks. Moreover, when comparing numerical methods to closed-form solutions for static cracks, all models successfully reproduced the maximum crack opening but encountered challenges near the crack tips. Finally, the paper discusses how to convert between and therefore compare parameters of various numerical approaches. Our benchmark studies reveal that each model necessitates a distinct number of parameters, even in simple scenarios like static crack aperture benchmarks. It is generally more practical to employ fewer parameters to mitigate model over-parameterization and enhance experimental feasibility.

Published
2023

9. DuBox: No-Prior Box Objection Detection via Residual Dual Scale Detectors

Author

Chen, Shuai, Li, Jinpeng, Yao, Chuanqi, Hou, Wenbo, Qin, Shuo, Jin, Wenyao, and Tang, Xu

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Traditional neural objection detection methods use multi-scale features that allow multiple detectors to perform detecting tasks independently and in parallel. At the same time, with the handling of the prior box, the algorithm's ability to deal with scale invariance is enhanced. However, too many prior boxes and independent detectors will increase the computational redundancy of the detection algorithm. In this study, we introduce Dubox, a new one-stage approach that detects the objects without prior box. Working with multi-scale features, the designed dual scale residual unit makes dual scale detectors no longer run independently. The second scale detector learns the residual of the first. Dubox has enhanced the capacity of heuristic-guided that can further enable the first scale detector to maximize the detection of small targets and the second to detect objects that cannot be identified by the first one. Besides, for each scale detector, with the new classification-regression progressive strapped loss makes our process not based on prior boxes. Integrating these strategies, our detection algorithm has achieved excellent performance in terms of speed and accuracy. Extensive experiments on the VOC, COCO object detection benchmark have confirmed the effectiveness of this algorithm.

Published
2019

10. Shape Robust Text Detection with Progressive Scale Expansion Network

Author

Wang, Wenhai, Xie, Enze, Li, Xiang, Hou, Wenbo, Lu, Tong, Yu, Gang, and Shao, Shuai

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Scene text detection has witnessed rapid progress especially with the recent development of convolutional neural networks. However, there still exists two challenges which prevent the algorithm into industry applications. On the one hand, most of the state-of-art algorithms require quadrangle bounding box which is in-accurate to locate the texts with arbitrary shape. On the other hand, two text instances which are close to each other may lead to a false detection which covers both instances. Traditionally, the segmentation-based approach can relieve the first problem but usually fail to solve the second challenge. To address these two challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel Progressive Scale Expansion Network (PSENet), which can precisely detect text instances with arbitrary shapes. More specifically, PSENet generates the different scale of kernels for each text instance, and gradually expands the minimal scale kernel to the text instance with the complete shape. Due to the fact that there are large geometrical margins among the minimal scale kernels, our method is effective to split the close text instances, making it easier to use segmentation-based methods to detect arbitrary-shaped text instances. Extensive experiments on CTW1500, Total-Text, ICDAR 2015 and ICDAR 2017 MLT validate the effectiveness of PSENet. Notably, on CTW1500, a dataset full of long curve texts, PSENet achieves a F-measure of 74.3% at 27 FPS, and our best F-measure (82.2%) outperforms state-of-art algorithms by 6.6%. The code will be released in the future., Comment: Accepted by CVPR 2019. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1806.02559

Published
2019

11. Shape Robust Text Detection with Progressive Scale Expansion Network

Author

Li, Xiang, Wang, Wenhai, Hou, Wenbo, Liu, Ruo-Ze, Lu, Tong, and Yang, Jian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

The challenges of shape robust text detection lie in two aspects: 1) most existing quadrangular bounding box based detectors are difficult to locate texts with arbitrary shapes, which are hard to be enclosed perfectly in a rectangle; 2) most pixel-wise segmentation-based detectors may not separate the text instances that are very close to each other. To address these problems, we propose a novel Progressive Scale Expansion Network (PSENet), designed as a segmentation-based detector with multiple predictions for each text instance. These predictions correspond to different `kernels' produced by shrinking the original text instance into various scales. Consequently, the final detection can be conducted through our progressive scale expansion algorithm which gradually expands the kernels with minimal scales to the text instances with maximal and complete shapes. Due to the fact that there are large geometrical margins among these minimal kernels, our method is effective to distinguish the adjacent text instances and is robust to arbitrary shapes. The state-of-the-art results on ICDAR 2015 and ICDAR 2017 MLT benchmarks further confirm the great effectiveness of PSENet. Notably, PSENet outperforms the previous best record by absolute 6.37\% on the curve text dataset SCUT-CTW1500. Code will be available in https://github.com/whai362/PSENet., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures

Published
2018

16. Compound faults diagnosis of rotating machinery via enhanced two-layer sliding correlated kurtosis.

Author

Zhang, Chunlin, Hou, Wenbo, Wang, Yanfeng, and Hu, Bingbing

Subjects
*ROTATING machinery, *KURTOSIS, *ROLLER bearings, *WAVELET transforms, *TEST methods
Abstract

Compound faults identification from vibration signals is still a challenge for rotating machinery because the multiple periodic impulsive fault signals may oscillate with the same frequency. In this research, a method termed enhanced two-layer sliding correlated kurtosis (TLSCK) is presented for isolating and identifying the compound defects from the monitored data containing strong background noise and compound faults. The method contains two main steps: the dual-tree complex wavelet package transform (DTCWPT) based correlated kurtogram is conducted on the raw monitored data as a frequency filtering step; further, the enhanced TLSCK method is conducted to diagnosis the compound defects from above filtered signals. The output signal of the enhanced TLSCK could locate the occurrence of interested fault impulses, while the unwanted vibration components and residual noise are well eliminated. Both numerically simulated and experimentally measured vibration data of damaged rolling bearings are analyzed via the presented method to test its performance, and the analysis results validate that the proposed method is effective in detecting compound faults of rotating machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Seeded crystal growth of the acentric organic non-linear optical material Methyl-p-Hydroxybenzoate (MHB) from the vapour phase

Author

Hou, Wenbo B., Ristic, Radoljub I., Sherwood, John N., and Vrceli, Ranko

Subjects
Physical Vapour Transport, Non-linear Optical Crystal, Morphology, Vapour Growth, MHB, Methyl Paraben Nipagin©, Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
Abstract

Using in-situ differential interference contrast microscopy (DICM), growth morphology, structure, and step velocities of the vicinal hillocks on {110} and {111̅} faces of MHB crystal seeds growing from the vapour phase have been investigated over a supersaturation (σ) range of (0.2 < σ < 0.6). Under these conditions of supersaturation, a dislocation induced growth mechanism was identified. Ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that some dislocation induced hillocks exhibit hollow cores. The general observations of the {110} and {111̅} surfaces reveal that these faces follow a classical mode of layer growth, continuous generation of new layers by dislocation outcrops, which subsequently bunch and spread to cover the entire facets. A tangential step velocity of the slow and fast sides of {110} and {111̅} growth hillocks show a linear dependence with supersaturation in the region of (0.2 < σ < 0.4). Analysis of this dependence leads to the respective growth parameters for the identified growth mechanism: the activation energies for the slow and fast step motion of a growth hillock (EaS and EaF) and the corresponding kinetic coefficients (βaS and βaF), for both faces. The growth from physical vapour transport (PVT) shows that for the title material, as with a number of other polar materials, solvent poisoning is not the cause of the highly differential growth rates and is an intrinsic feature of the crystal. The results suggest that in terms of the production of large single crystals of high perfection by PVT, the supersaturation range for dislocation growth should be between 0.2 and 0.4. These findings provide a foundation for the rational design of large MHB crystals that may find applications utilizing their high optoelectronic potential.

Published
2023

22. A Domain Adaptation Method for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Pseudo Label and Wavelet Neural Network

Author

Cai, Keshen, Zhang, Chunlin, Hou, Pinfan, Wang, Yanfeng, Meng, Zhe, and Hou, Wenbo

Abstract

Aiming at the problem of insufficient data and label shortage in equipment health status identification, this article proposes a domain adaptation transfer learning model combined with Morlet wavelet kernel convolution. The model enhances the fault feature extraction capability through Morlet wavelet kernel convolution and tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT) sparse representation. To process the unlabeled target domain data, a pseudo-label technique and a label dynamic update mechanism are proposed. First, pseudo labels are assigned to the unlabeled data based on feature metrics evaluation, and accordingly, the target domain data are divided into two parts with and without pseudo labels. Subsequently, a step-by-step training strategy is adopted. First, the pseudo-labeled data are used to train the model with the source domain data to extract similar fault features, and then, the feature alignment training is carried out through the domain adversarial framework using the unlabeled data. The label dynamic update mechanism dynamically adjusts the pseudo-label assignments during the training process to ensure that high-confidence data are involved in the training. Experiments show that this method effectively improves the fault feature extraction effect and diagnosis performance, which is more advantageous than other transfer methods.

Published
2024
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26. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Antibiotic-Impregnated Shunt Catheters on Anti-Infective Effect of Hydrocephalus Shunt

Author

Haijun Zhang, Chao Zhou, Liu Aihua, Hou Wenbo, Zhou Wenxiu, Liu Guang, Yin Yuxia, Wang Yan, Lu Shoutao, Fang Yi, and Li Jianwen

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters, Population, Subgroup analysis, Cochrane Library, Infections, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, education, education.field_of_study, Clinical Article, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Odds ratio, Surgery, Clinical trial, Catheter, Cerebrospinal fluid, Meta-analysis, Others, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Shunt (electrical), Hydrocephalus
Abstract

Objective: Shunt infection is a common complication while treating hydrocephalus. The antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheter (AISC) was designed to reduce shunt infection rate. A meta-analysis was conducted to study the effectiveness of AISCs in reduction of shunt infection in terms of age, follow-up time and high-risk patient population. Methods: This study reviewed literature from three databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (from 2000 to March 2019). Clinical studies from controlled trials for shunt operation were included in this analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the patient’s age, follow-up time and high-risk population. The fixed effect in RevMan 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for this meta-analysis. Results: This study included 19 controlled clinical trials including 10105 operations. The analysis demonstrated that AISC could reduce the infection rate in shunt surgery compared to standard shunt catheter (non-AISC) from 8.13% to 4.09% (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.58; p=0.01; I2=46%). Subgroup analysis of different age groups showed that AISC had significant antimicrobial effects in all three groups (adult, infant, and adolescent). Follow-up time analysis showed that AISC was effective in preventing early shunt infections (within 6 months after implant). AISC is more effective in high-risk population (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14–0.40; p=0.60; I2=0%) than in general patient population. Conclusion: The results of meta-analysis indicated that AISC is an effective method for reducing shunt infection. We recommend that AISC should be considered for use in infants and high-risk groups. For adult patients, the choice for AISC could be determined based on the treatment cost.

Published
2021

28. Analysis of the Optic Nerve Head Microcirculation Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and the Upstream Macrocirculation Using Color Doppler Imaging in Low-Tension and High-Tension Glaucoma Patients.

Author

Hou, Wenbo, Feng, Jun, Chen, Jie, Li, Xin, Yang, Guiping, and Sun, Xuguang

Subjects
*OPTICAL coherence tomography, *OPTIC nerve, *RETINAL artery, *INTERNAL carotid artery, *MICROCIRCULATION
Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze the optic nerve head (ONH) microcirculation using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and the upstream macrocirculation using color Doppler imaging (CDI) in low-tension and high-tension glaucoma (LTG and HTG, respectively). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 eyes of 67 HTG patients, 55 eyes of 55 LTG patients, and 42 eyes of 42 healthy controls. We recorded the complete ophthalmological examination, visual fields, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ONH vessel density (VD) measured using OCT-A, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) measured using CDI. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and compared using t test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Pearson χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparisons, as appropriate. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between variables. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The ONH VD and RNFL thickness were considerably lower in glaucomatous eyes than in healthy eyes (both p < 0.001). Compared with the HTG group, the LTG group had lower VD in the peripapillary region (p = 0.027). Compared with the healthy group, the HTG group had lower PSV (p = 0.029 and = 0.023, respectively), lower EDV (p = 0.023 and <0.001, respectively), and higher RI (p = 0.019 and = 0.006, respectively) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and central retinal artery (CRA). The LTG group had lower PSV (p = 0.015 and <0.001, respectively) and EDV (p = 0.047 and = 0.001, respectively) of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and CRA. The LTG group had lower PSV of CRA than the HTG group (p = 0.034). In glaucomatous eyes, peripapillary VD had a significant association with the mean defect (p < 0.001) and RNFL thickness (p < 0.001), but not with the other CDI indices (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The ONH microcirculation and upstream macrocirculation of the large arteries exhibited differences in the blood flow characteristics between the LTG and HTG groups. These differences may improve our understanding of glaucoma. There was no correlation between the characteristics of the ONH microcirculation and the upstream macrocirculation of large vessels in the LTG and HTG groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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30. Long-term in vivo study of biodegradable Zn-Cu stent: A 2-year implantation evaluation in porcine coronary artery

Author

Haijun Zhang, Chang-bin Wang, Kang Yao, Xu Kaili, Song Caixia, Xiu-jun Yao, Min Wan, Shi-kun Xu, Egon Toft, Yin Yuxia, Feng Xiangyi, Alex A. Volinsky, Hao Lu, Junbo Ge, Lu Shoutao, Cui Xiaoshan, Zhang Junwei, Ting Li, Maoquan Li, Zhang-Zhi Shi, Shufu Chang, Huafang Li, Liu Guang, Lu-Ning Wang, Jianying Ma, Chao Zhou, Hou Wenbo, and Zhao Yanwei

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Biodegradation performance, Swine, medicine.medical_treatment, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, In vivo evaluation, Coronary artery stent, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Biomaterials, Zn-based biodegradable stent, In vivo, Internal medicine, Absorbable Implants, Materials Testing, medicine, Animals, Porcine coronary artery, Molecular Biology, business.industry, Stent, Structural integrity, General Medicine, equipment and supplies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Coronary Vessels, 020601 biomedical engineering, Thrombosis, Coronary arteries, Zinc, Medical device performance, medicine.anatomical_structure, Circulatory system, Cardiology, Stents, 0210 nano-technology, business, Copper, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Biotechnology
Abstract

In the present study, a novel biodegradable Zn-0.8Cu coronary artery stent was fabricated and implanted into porcine coronary arteries for up to 24 months. Micro-CT analysis showed that the implanted stent was able to maintain structural integrity after 6 months, while its disintegration occurred after 9 months of implantation. After 24 months of implantation, approximately 28 ± 13 vol% of the stent remained. Optical coherence tomography and histological analysis showed that the endothelialization process could be completed within the first month after implantation, and no inflammation responses or thrombosis formation was observed within 24 months. Cross-section analysis indicated that the subsequent degradation products had been removed in the abluminal direction, guaranteeing that the strut could be replaced by normal tissue without the risk of contaminating the circulatory system, causing neither thrombosis nor inflammation response. The present work demonstrates that the Zn-0.8Cu stent has provided sufficient structural supporting and exhibited an appropriate degradation rate during 24 months of implantation without degradation product accumulation, thrombosis, or inflammation response. The results indicate that the Zn-0.8Cu coronary artery stent is promising for further clinical applications. Statement of Significance Although Zn and its alloys have been considered to be potential candidates of biodegradable metals for vascular stent use, by far, no Zn-based stent with appropriate medical device performance has been reported because of the low mechanical properties of zinc. The present work presents promising results of a Zn-Cu biodegradable vascular stent in porcine coronary arteries. The Zn-Cu stent fabricated in this work demonstrated adequate medical device performance both in vitro and in vivo and degraded at a proper rate without safety problems induced. Furthermore, large animal models have more cardiovascular similarities as humans. Results of this study may provide further information of the Zn-based stents for translational medicine research. This work was supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC1102500 ), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31700819 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 06500098 ), and the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (YESS, No. 2018QNRC001 ). As chief scientist, Professor Haijun-Zhang initiated the study and also participated in key details of the experimental processes. Scopus

Published
2019

32. An abluminal biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent versus a durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent in patients undergoing coronary revascularization:3-year clinical outcomes of a randomized non-inferiority trial

Author

Xiao-Ping Zhang, Lu Shoutao, Haijun Zhang, Wei Deng, Duan Cuihai, Fei Yang, Junbo Ge, Hou Wenbo, Chao Zhou, Yin Yuxia, Shenguo Wang, Cui Xiaoshan, Liu Guang, Song Caixia, and Zhang Junwei

Subjects
Male, Polymers, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, lcsh:Medicine, Aftercare, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Ischaemia, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Polymers/chemistry, law, Absorbable Implants, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Everolimus/administration & dosage, lcsh:Science, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects, Multidisciplinary, Absolute risk reduction, Drug-Eluting Stents, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Female, Interventional cardiology, medicine.medical_specialty, Delayed-Action Preparations/administration & dosage, Sirolimus/administration & dosage, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Multicenter trial, Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology, Humans, Everolimus, Aged, Sirolimus, business.industry, Absorbable Implants/adverse effects, lcsh:R, Drug-Eluting Stents/adverse effects, Coronary Stenosis, Stent, Thrombosis, medicine.disease, equipment and supplies, Surgery, Stenosis, Delayed-Action Preparations, lcsh:Q, Thrombosis/epidemiology, Coronary Stenosis/complications, business
Abstract

The Cordimax stent has proved non-inferior to the Cypher Select durable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for the primary endpoint of angiographic in-stent late luminal loss and in-stent mean diameter stenosis at 9 months. The trial was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of the Cordimax stent with the Xience V stent in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. This randomized, multicenter trial enrolled 3697 patients treated with Cordimax stent (2460 patients) and Xience V stent (1237 patients). The primary efficacy endpoint was a target-lesion failure (TLF) at 1 year and the primary safety endpoint was a composite of death or myocardial infarction (MI) at 3 years. 3399 patients (91.9%) completed 3-year follow-up. At 1 year, the primary efficacy endpoint occurred in 86 (3.5%) patients in the Cordimax group versus 40 (3.2%) patients in the Xience V group (0.3% absolute risk difference, 95% CI −1.0–1.5%, Pnon-inferiority Pnon-inferiority P = 0.03). There were no differences between Cordimax and Xience V in terms of Cardiac death (0.3% versus 0.4%, P = 0.70), myocardial infarction (1.2% versus 0.9%, P = 0.37), and the stent thrombosis (0.4% versus 0.6%, P = 0.61). In conclusion, safety and efficacy outcomes of Cordimax stent were non-inferior to the Xience V stent 3 years after stent implantation.

Published
2019

33. Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: Meta-analysis of Safety and Efficacy

Author

Lu Shoutao, Maoquan Li, Haijun Zhang, Fang Yi, Ming-Kun Cao, Chao Zhou, Yin Yuxia, Egon Toft, Duan Cuihai, and Hou Wenbo

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Radiofrequency ablation, Treatment outcome, MEDLINE, Action Potentials, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Pharmacotherapy, law, Heart Rate, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, Medicine, Humans, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Pharmacology, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Treatment Outcome, Meta-analysis, Cardiology, Catheter Ablation, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, business, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) are the main treatments used for atrial fibrillation (AF). In recent years, a number of articles comparing the 2 treatments have begun to emerge. Though, the influence of follow-up time in the meta-analysis was not considered in these articles. However, more recently, large-scale clinical trial articles have included follow-up with the patients up to 5 years after treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of variable follow-up times on the recurrence of AF by observing both the short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of catheter ablation and AADs for the treatment of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The primary investigators of eligible randomized controlled trials were invited to contribute standardized outcome data. Random effect summary estimates were calculated as standardized mean differences and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for continuous and binary outcomes. In this study, 9 randomized controlled trials (n = 1542 patients) were included. The rate of recurrence of AF with no limit on follow-up time, >12 months, >18 months, >24 months, >30 months, and approximately 36 months was compared. Furthermore, the gap between the RFA and AAD groups in the recurrence rate of AF was found to decrease inversely to follow-up time. When the follow-up time reached 24 months, the difference between RFA and AAD was relatively stable with an odds ratio of 0.45 (95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.62). Overall, RFA decreased adverse events in the remaining trials; however, AAD performed better in terms of safety and had fewer adverse events with RFA usually causing more serious complications. CONCLUSION: RFA is more advantageous in terms of recurrence rate of AF than drug therapy. In addition, the analysis suggests that this effect persists during long-term follow-up; however, these benefits appear to decrease with longer follow-up time. Finally, AAD performed better in terms of safety and had fewer adverse events. Scopus

Published
2019

34. Shape Robust Text Detection with Progressive Scale Expansion Network

Author

Shuai Shao, Hou Wenbo, Gang Yu, Tong Lu, Enze Xie, Xiang Li, and Wenhai Wang

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Scale (ratio), business.industry, Computer science, Deep learning, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 020207 software engineering, Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, Image segmentation, Convolutional neural network, Kernel (image processing), Categorization, Minimum bounding box, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Code (cryptography), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Segmentation, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

Scene text detection has witnessed rapid progress especially with the recent development of convolutional neural networks. However, there still exists two challenges which prevent the algorithm into industry applications. On the one hand, most of the state-of-art algorithms require quadrangle bounding box which is in-accurate to locate the texts with arbitrary shape. On the other hand, two text instances which are close to each other may lead to a false detection which covers both instances. Traditionally, the segmentation-based approach can relieve the first problem but usually fail to solve the second challenge. To address these two challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel Progressive Scale Expansion Network (PSENet), which can precisely detect text instances with arbitrary shapes. More specifically, PSENet generates the different scale of kernels for each text instance, and gradually expands the minimal scale kernel to the text instance with the complete shape. Due to the fact that there are large geometrical margins among the minimal scale kernels, our method is effective to split the close text instances, making it easier to use segmentation-based methods to detect arbitrary-shaped text instances. Extensive experiments on CTW1500, Total-Text, ICDAR 2015 and ICDAR 2017 MLT validate the effectiveness of PSENet. Notably, on CTW1500, a dataset full of long curve texts, PSENet achieves a F-measure of 74.3% at 27 FPS, and our best F-measure (82.2%) outperforms state-of-art algorithms by 6.6%. The code will be released in the future., Comment: Accepted by CVPR 2019. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1806.02559

Published
2019
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35. Improved liquid phase separation processes for generating biodegradable microspheres loaded with high concentrations of drugs for tumor embolization

Author

Yin Yuxia, Duan Cuihai, Lu Shoutao, Haijun Zhang, Maoquan Li, Chao Zhou, Zhang Jun, Liu Guang, Egon Toft, and Hou Wenbo

Subjects
Microsphere, Polymers and Plastics, Degradable, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, medicine.medical_treatment, Liquid phase, Embolization, Tumor embolization, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Biomedical engineering, Sustained release
Abstract

Drug-eluting microspheres are the most commonly used particulate embolic agents for transarterial chemoembolization of liver tumors. However, drug loading of degradable embolic particles is often insufficient. In the current study, microspheres prepared from poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) were investigated as a biodegradable embolic agent for arterial embolization applications. Through modified solvent evaporation and liquid-induced phase separation, high drug loading (as high as 32%) and low solvent residue (as low as 0.03%) was achieved. Degradation performance,1H NMR, and the nonsolvent's influence on solvent residue content were assessed. These drug-loading microspheres with biodegradability hold promise for embolization therapies. 50. - 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This work was supported by NSFC (Grant No. 81771417), and National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant No. 2012BAI15B06) Scopus

Published
2019

36. Insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters with intracavitary electrocardiogram guidance: A randomized multicenter study in China

Author

Xu-Ying Li, Chao Zhou, Haijun Zhang, Yin Yuxia, Qian-Hong Deng, Lu Shoutao, Maoquan Li, Hou Wenbo, Wei Gao, Wang Luning, Liu Guang, Wei Lu, Xue-Rong Liu, and Cui-Yun Zhao

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Peripherally inserted central catheters, Central Venous Pressure, Transducers, 030232 urology & nephrology, intracavitary electrocardiogram, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Catheters, Indwelling, Predictive Value of Tests, Original Research Articles, Catheterization, Peripheral, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Aged, ultrasound guidance, Venipuncture, business.industry, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Equipment Design, Middle Aged, Surgery, Ultrasound guidance, Multicenter study, Nephrology, Female, Anatomic Landmarks, business, tip location
Abstract

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided venipuncture and tip location by intracavitary electrocardiogram have many advantages during the insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters, both in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. Recently, a new tip-conductive peripherally inserted central catheters and new Doppler ultrasound device integrated with intracavitary electrocardiogram have been introduced into clinical practice in China. A randomized multicenter study (clinical trial no. NCT03230357) was performed to verify the feasibility and accuracy of intracavitary electrocardiogram, as performed with this new peripherally inserted central catheters and device. Methods: Our study enrolled a total of 2250 adult patients in 10 different Chinese hospitals. The patients were randomly assigned to either the study group (intracavitary electrocardiogram) or the control group (anatomical landmark guidance) in a 2:1 allocation. Ultrasound was used in both groups for venipuncture and tip navigation. All patients underwent chest X-ray after the procedure to verify the position of the catheter tip. Results: No insertion-related complications were reported in either group. In the study group, first-attempt successful tip location was 91.7% (95% confidence interval: 90.3%–93.1%), significantly higher than 78.9% (95% confidence interval: 76.0%–81.9%) observed in the control group (p Conclusion: These results indicated that during peripherally inserted central catheters insertion in adult patients, tip location with intracavitary electrocardiogram guidance, as carried out by a new tip-conductive peripherally inserted central catheters and intracavitary electrocardiogram integrated ultrasound device, was more effective and more accurate than tip location using anatomical landmarks.

Published
2019

37. Meta-analysis of the incidence of lead dislodgement with conventional and leadless pacemaker systems

Author

Yin Yuxia, Egon Toft, Chao Zhou, Wang Yan, Duan Cuihai, Haijun Zhang, Ming-Kun Cao, Hou Wenbo, Lu Shoutao, Maoquan Li, and Liu Guang

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pacemaker, Artificial, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, leadless cardiac pacemaker, Cardiac pacemaker, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Lead Dislodgement, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Lead (electronics), Fixation (histology), risk, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Equipment Design, Confidence interval, Surgery, Meta-analysis, incidence, lead dislodgement, Equipment Failure, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, cardiac pacemaker
Abstract

Introduction: Leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) implantation using a transcatheter was recently developed to avoid pocket- and lead-related complications. Although a LCP has an active fixation mechanism using tines or a helix, LCP and lead dislodgement issues remain a major safety concern for patients. This article reviews the literature to determine the incidence of lead and LCP dislodgement. Methods and results: A total of 18 studies which included 17,321 patients undergoing conventional single- or dual-chamber pacemaker implantation and three studies which included 2,116 patients undergoing LCP device implantation were reviewed. The incidence of lead dislodgement ranged from 1% to 2.69% in individual studies with a mean of 1.63%, weighted mean of 1.71%, and median of 1.60 %. There was a relatively higher lead dislodgement rate between atrial and ventricular electrodes (odds ratio [OR], 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–6.70; P = 0.6; I2 = 0%), and between magnetic resonance imaging conditional and conventional leads (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.30–5.99; P = 0.16; I2 = 46%). The use of active fixation leads (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.66–1.70; P = 0.29; I2= 20%) showed no significant difference in dislodgement risk compared to passive fixation leads. The incidence of LCP device dislodgement was 0%, 0.13%, and 1% in three leadless pacemaker studies. Conclusions: The incidence rates of conventional pacemaker lead dislodgement vary in individual studies with an overall high incidence. Use of the currently available LCP systems appears to result in a lower rate of device dislodgement. This may reflect the effectiveness of this novel technology and the fixation design of LCP devices.

Published
2018

43. Biofilm-forming capacity of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from ocular infections.

Author

Hou W, Sun X, Wang Z, and Zhang Y

Subjects
Bacteriological Techniques, Genes, Bacterial physiology, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth & development, Retrospective Studies, Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Staphylococcus aureus growth & development, Staphylococcus aureus physiology, Staphylococcus epidermidis genetics, Staphylococcus epidermidis growth & development, Biofilms growth & development, Eye Infections, Bacterial microbiology, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa physiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus epidermidis physiology
Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the biofilm-forming capacity of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from ocular infections., Methods: S. epidermidis strains, S. aureus strains, and P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from patients with ocular infections between 2009 and 2011. The biofilm-forming capacity of these bacteria was examined using Congo red agar (CRA) and microtiter plate assays. The biofilm-forming related genes, icaA, of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, and pslA, of P. aeruginosa, were detected using PCR. Additionally, the morphology of biofilms was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM)., Results: Of the isolated S. epidermidis strains, 34.38% were CRA positive, 28.13% were adherence positive using the microtiter plate assay, and 40.63% carried the icaA gene. Of the isolated S. aureus strains, 55.56% were CRA positive, 51.90% were adherence positive, and 11.11% carried the icaA gene. None of the P. aeruginosa strains were phenotypic positive using CRA and microtiter plate assays, whereas 31.03% contained the pslA gene. There were significant differences between the three species when the biofilm-forming capacity of the strains was compared using the CRA method (P < 0.01) and the microtiter plate assay method (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Ophthalmic isolates of S. epidermidis and S. aureus could produce biofilms in vitro, whereas clinical strains of P. aeruginosa could not. The bacterial strains possess the genetic ability to produce biofilms, but that does not necessarily mean that biofilms will be produced. The knowledge of the process of bacterial adhesion suggests that a timely and appropriate intervention strategy be implemented in the early stages of biofilm-mediated infections.

Published
2012
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44. Corneal subbasal nerve fiber regeneration in myopic patients after laser in situ keratomileusis.

Author

Deng S, Wang M, Zhang F, Sun X, Hou W, and Guo N

Abstract

A total of 26 myopic patients (52 eyes) underwent laser in situ keratomileusis. In vivo confocal microscopy revealed that most of the regenerated corneal subbasal nerve fibers in the corneal flap originated from the stump of corneal subbasal nerve fibers outside the ablation zone and extended towards the center of the cornea in all patients. Meanwhile, new fibers were also found to directly regenerate from deep in the stroma in some cases. Approximately 94% of regenerated corneal subbasal nerve fibers (73/78 eyes) regrew vertically into the peripheral central 6-mm circle area 1 month after surgery, 78% (28/36 eyes) grew into the central 3-6 mm area at 2 months, and 23% into the central 3-mm circle area at 3 months. In addition, there was no significant difference in corneal subbasal nerve fiber regenerative capacity between the basic fibroblast growth factor group and the 20% (v/v) deproteinized extract of calf blood group. The majority of corneal subbasal nerve fiber regeneration occurred from the stump of corneal subbasal nerve fibers outside the corneal flap, and the remaining growth occurred deep within the stroma.

Published
2012
Full Text
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