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Simple Summary: Measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring is crucial in managing AML to predict the risk of relapse. A better understanding of which MRD technique and molecular target will have an effective clinical impact on AML is still required. Locked nucleic acid quantitative Real-Time PCR assay (LNA-qPCR) is sensitive and specific for quantifying oncogenetic single-nucleotide variation. We assessed the role of LNA-qPCR in the monitoring of IDH1/2 mutations MRD in eighty-eight AML patients from multiple centers. We found that IDH1/2 LNA-qPCR MRD correlates well with NPM1 qPCR MRD, predicts relapse-free survival and cumulative incidence of relapse, and is a potential MRD technique for IDH1/2-mutated AML patients with reduced IDH1/2 mutant levels after complete remission. Locked nucleic acid quantitative Real-Time PCR (LNA-qPCR) for IDH1/2 mutations in AML measurable residual disease (MRD) detection is rarely reported. LNA-qPCR was applied to quantify IDH1/2 mutants MRD kinetics in bone marrow from 88 IDH1/2-mutated AML patients, and correlated with NPM1-MRD, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. The median normalized copy number (NCN) of IDH1/2 mutants decreased significantly from 53,228 (range 87–980,686)/ALB × 106 at diagnosis to 773 (range 1.5–103,600)/ALB × 106 at first complete remission (CR). IDH1/2 LNA-qPCR MRD was concordant with remission status or NPM1-MRD in 79.5% (70/88) of patients. Younger patients and patients with FLT3 mutations had higher concordance. The Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) and concordance rate between the log reduction of IDH1/2 LNA-qPCR and NPM1-MRD were 0.68 and 81% (K = 0.63, 95% CI 0.50–0.74), respectively. IDH1/2-MRD > 2 log reduction at first CR predicted significantly better relapse-free survival (3-year RFS rates 52.9% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.007) and cumulative incidence of relapse (3-year CIR rates 44.5% vs. 64.5%, p = 0.012) compared to IDH1/2-MRD ≤ 2 log reduction. IDH1/2-MRD > 2 log reduction during consolidation is also associated with a significantly lower CIR rate than IDH1/2-MRD ≤ 2 log reduction (3-year CIR rates 42.3% vs. 68.8%, p = 0.019). LNA-qPCR for IDH1/2 mutation is a potential MRD technique to predict relapse in IDH1/2-mutated AML patients, especially for those with IDH1/2 MRD > 2 log reduction at first CR or a concurrent FLT3 mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The arcuate nucleus is a vital brain region for coursing of pain command. G protein-coupled kinase 6 (GRK6) accommodates signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. Studies have demonstrated that GRK6 is involved in inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. The present study was designed to explore the role and the underlying mechanism of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus of chronic visceral pain. Methods: Chronic visceral pain of rats was induced by neonatal maternal deprivation and evaluated by monitoring the threshold of colorectal distension. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques, and Nissl staining were employed to determine the expression and mutual effect of GRK6 with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Results: Expression of GRK6 in arcuate nucleus was significantly reduced in neonatal maternal deprivation rats when compared with control rats. GRK6 was mainly expressed in arcuate nucleus neurons, but not in astrocytes, and a little in microglial cells. Neonatal maternal deprivation reduced the percentage of GRK6-positive neurons of arcuate nucleus. Overexpression of GRK6 by Lentiviral injection into arcuate nucleus reversed chronic visceral pain in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. Furthermore, the expression of NF-κB in arcuate nucleus was markedly upregulated in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. NF-κB selective inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate suppressed chronic visceral pain in neonatal maternal deprivation rats. GRK6 and NF-κB were expressed in the arcuate nucleus neurons. Importantly, overexpression of GRK6 reversed NF-κB expression at the protein level. In contrast, injection of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate once daily for seven consecutive days did not alter GRK6 expression in arcuate nucleus of neonatal maternal deprivation rats. Conclusions: Present data suggest that GRK6 might be a pivotal molecule participated in the central mechanisms of chronic visceral pain, which might be mediated by inhibiting NF-κB signal pathway. Overexpression of GRK6 possibly represents a potential strategy for therapy of chronic visceral pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Photocatalyst Water splitting as clear energy for hydrogen evolution reaction. • Silicon earth-abound material as substrate photoabsorber absorbs wide range solar light. • Carbon material low cost, high chemical stability for water splitting. • Graphene synthesis by different methods, next though to transferred to silicon by polymer substrate as a catalyst layer. In the present report, graphene-based catalysts on silicon substrate have been examined as the photocathode for solar hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Mono-layered graphene has been synthesized through low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), whereas multi-layered graphene has been synthesized by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). Copper foil is used as the substrate. The graphene layer on Cu foil subsequently transferred on to silicon photoabsorber using poly(methyl-2-methylpropenoate) (PMMA). At the initial linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) scan, LPCVD-synthesized graphene-Si (LPCVD-Si) electrode showed an onset potential of −0.65 V and photocurrent of −4.31 mA cm−2 (at −0.385 V). On the contrary, the onset potential and photocurrent of APCVD-prepared graphene-Si (APCVD-Si) photocathode are −0.36 V and −28.28 mA cm−2 (at −0.385 V), respectively. After the 130th LSV scan, the onset potential and photocurrent of LPCVD-Si improved to −0.39 V and −13.28 mA cm−2 (at −0.385 V), respectively. In addition, the onset potential and photocurrent of APCVD-Si photocathode at the LSV 130th scan are enhanced to −0.36 V and −28.28 mA cm−2 (at −0.385 V), respectively. The graphene sample grown via LPCVD-Si show stable performance whereas, the graphene obtained via APCVD-Si have higher photocurrent poor stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this review paper, we highlight the utilization of nanostructured quantum dots (QDs) in light-emitting diodes, biomedical, and energy-related applications. We discuss different preparation methods, cation-doping effects, and the optical applications of perovskite QDs. Cadmium selenide QDs are semiconductor materials with narrow bandgaps; therefore, their optical properties and electronic structures can be tuned. They can absorb photons (light energy) and convert multiple electron-hole pairs efficiently via multiple exciton generations. These effective light absorption properties are suitable for solar-driven water electrolysis processes and efficient photo-electrochemical lithium-air batteries. We focus on the utilization of upconverting nanoparticles in the field of biomedical applications. Suitable bandgap position, efficient charge separation, transportation, and photo-stability are the advantages of QD nanostructured materials. Hence, they are efficient and challenging candidates for the future. Graphical abstract In this review, we summarize the utilization of nanostructured quantum dots (QDs) in light-emitting diodes, biomedical, and energy-related applications. We discuss different preparation methods, cation-doping effects, and the optical applications of perovskite QDs which have excellent optical performance in the application of the light-emitting device. Besides, Cadmium selenide QDs can absorb photons (light energy) and convert multiple electron-hole pairs efficiently via multiple exciton generations. These effective light absorption properties are suitable for solar-driven water electrolysis processes and efficient photo-electrochemical lithium-air batteries. Moreover, upconverting nanoparticles have the unique performance in the field of biomedical applications. fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-ion batteries play a significant role in portable electronic devices in the running world. However, the limited energy density still needs to be improved for the growing future. Hence, we developed a photocathode nanocomposite material composed of Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots with Carbon nanotube (CdSe/ZnS QD@CNT) for an efficient and tunable performance of the photoelectrochemical Li–O 2 battery system to overcome the key issue of overpotential. The QD and CNT networks can provide efficient transportation paths of the electron–hole pairs and the O 2 gas and lithium ions, respectively. The charging voltage of the photoelectrode is 2.65–4.0 V; therefore, decreased overpotential was due to efficient oxidation of Li 2 O 2 by photoexcited electron–hole pairs by using QDs, resulting in a long-term operational stability over 100 cycles. On the basis of the advantages, the QDs exhibit efficient potential in Li–O 2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na–CO 2 battery is one of the most promising energy storage devices for the exploration of Mar. To fix the evaporation problem of liquid electrolytes in an open system, solid-state electrolyte Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 (NZSP) is used to fabricate a solid-state Na–CO 2 battery. In the battery, the interface between the Na-metal anode and NZSP plays a vital role in improving electrochemical performance. The interfacial parasitic reaction between NZSP and Na-metal results in a Na-rich kinetically stable interphase. (200) and (−111) planes are the preferentially etched crystal planes of NZSP, as SiO 4 and PO 4 tetrahedrons on the planes are easily broken by extra Na-ion injection. Aside from the interfacial reaction, the poor contact between Na-metal and NZSP is a more serious problem, which leads to large interfacial resistance and poor cycling stability. To fix this problem, carbon black is mixed with melted Na-metal to prepare a composite anode (Na@C). The Na@C composite anode easily wets NZSP, thus decreasing the interfacial resistance from 918 to 98 Ω cm2. Symmetrical cells stably cycled 1100 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, when using Na@C as the electrode. Furthermore, Na–CO 2 battery with Na@C composite anode also shows a prolonged cycling life. [Display omitted] ● (200) and (−111) planes are found as preferentially etched crystal planes of NZSP. ● Kinetically stable interphase between Na and NZSP has been found. ● Poor interfacial contact between Na and NZSP results in poor cycling stability. ● Na@C composite anode makes intimate contact with NZSP. ● The solid-state Na–CO 2 battery shows better performance by using Na@C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• P-doped MoS 2 was integrated on Si pyramids as photocathode for hydrogen evolution. • The Efficiency was enhanced by exposing edges and activating basal planes of MoS 2. • MoS 1.75 P 0.25 /Si pyramids showed the optimal current density of −23.8 mA cm−2. • MoS 1.75 P 0.25 /2 nm TiO 2 /Si electrode presented the current retention of 84.0%. Herein, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) integrated on Si pyramids was used as a co-catalyst to improve charge separation efficiency. Various quantities of phosphorus (P) heteroatoms were doped into MoS 2 materials to boost catalytic performance. Raman and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra showed that the introduction of P dopants increased the number of exposed edges and sulfur vacancies that acted as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) active sites on MoS 2 and enhanced photoelectrochemical activity. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the HER inert basal plane of MoS 2 became catalytically active after P atoms doping. MoS 1.75 P 0.25 /Si pyramids presented the optimal onset potential of +0.29 V (vs. RHE) and current density −23.8 mA cm−2. A titanium dioxide (TiO 2) layer was prepared through atomic layer deposition and served as a passivation layer that improved photocathode stability. The photocurrent retention of MoS 1.75 P 0.25 /10 nm TiO 2 /Si pyramids was 84.0% after 2 h of chronoamperometric measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]