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Storage is essential in improving the quality of strong‐flavor baijiu (SFB). Here, we investigated the release behaviors of metals from containers into SFB and their effects on the evolution of aroma compounds during storage. Twenty‐six metals were identified in SFB samples. The concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe obviously increased after storing in pottery jar, whereas those of Fe and Cu greatly increased after storing in stainless‐steel vessel. The volatility of most esters, alcohols, ketone, furan, and aldehyde decreased, whereas that of most acids increased after adding the metal ions into fresh SFB. The fluorescence intensity of SFB decreased with increased aging time in pottery jar, whereas the fluorescence intensity of acids was quenched with adding Fe3+ and Cu2+. All these results suggested that some metals released from containers had binding affinities with acids, thereby reducing SFB organoleptic stimulation by forming metal‐aroma compound complexes during storage., Some metals were dissolved out from containers such as pottery jar and stainless‐steel vessel into strong‐flavor baijiu (SFB) during storage. These metals had binding affinities with aroma compounds, thereby reducing SFB organoleptic stimulation by forming metal‐aroma compound complexes during storage.

Over 10 million tons of coffee were consumed globally every year, resulting in an enormous amount of spent coffee grounds (SCG) waste to be processed. However, in many parts of the world, the SCG is treated as general waste and usually ends up in landfill or incineration. This practice is a waste of resource and also can cause environmental pollution. SCG has a fine cellulosic fiber structure and contains a considerable amount of lipid. It can be considered as a promising feedstock for bioenergy and biomaterials production. Before building a processing plant, it is essential to evaluate the feedstock characteristics and thermal conversion routes to fully understand the process's technical feasibility and economic viability. This work developed a comprehensive process model for the integrated SCG valorization process to evaluate the energy flow, process efficiencies, and costs for co-production of biodiesel (BD) and activated carbon (AC) in Changsha, China. The results showed that the SCG valorization system can co-produce BD, AC and glycerol with product yields of 13.41%, 14.06% and 2.24% (wet feed basis), respectively. The overall process efficiency was calculated to be 30.5%. The fuel gas produced from the pyrolysis process can meet part of the process heat demand, but additional natural gas is required to provide sufficient heat for the conversion process. Significant energy consumption occurs in hexane recovery, char activation, and SCG carbonization subsystems, accounting for 39.4%, 21.0%, and 18.4% of the total energy consumption, respectively. The minimum selling prices of the BD and AC are calculated to be CNY 1.83/kg and CNY 4.42/kg, respectively, which are well below their current market prices. The base case scenario can make the plant profitable, but the investment return and payback time may not be attractive enough to the investors. Process developers should identify optimum plant locations and endeavor to improve the market values of the products in order to enhance the economic viability.

Single-atom catalysts are emerging as primary catalysts for many reactions due to their 100% utilization of active metal centers leading to high catalytic efficiencies. Herein, we report the use of a single-atom Co catalyst for the oxidative cleavage of the -O-4 bonds of lignin model compounds at a low oxygen pressure. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the conversion of 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-phenylethanol up to 95% with high selectivities was achieved with a variety of substrates investigated. The reusability of the Co catalyst with a high catalytic efficiency indicates its potential application in the oxidative cleavage of C-O bonds.

Biomimetic retinas with a wide field of view and high resolution are in demand for neuroprosthetics and robot vision. Conventional neural prostheses are manufactured outside the application area and implanted as a complete device using invasive surgery. Here, a minimally invasive strategy based on in situ self-assembly of photovoltaic microdevices (PVMs) is presented. The photoelectricity transduced by PVMs upon visible light illumination reaches the intensity levels that could effectively activate the retinal ganglion cell layers. The geometry and multilayered architecture of the PVMs along with the tunability of their physical properties such as size and stiffness allow several routes for initiating a self-assembly process. The spatial distribution and packing density of the PVMs within the assembled device are modulated through concentration, liquid discharge speed, and coordinated self-assembly steps. Subsequent injection of a photocurable and transparent polymer facilitates tissue integration and reinforces the cohesion of the device. Taken together, the presented methodology introduces three unique features: minimally invasive implantation, personalized visual field and acuity, and a device geometry adaptable to retina topography

Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in the development of solar cells based on lead halide perovskite materials. However, their intrinsic instability remains a limitation. In this context, the interplay between the thermal degradation and the hydrophobicity of perovskite materials is investigated. To this end, the salt 1-(4-ethenylbenzyl)-3-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctylimidazolium iodide (ETI), is employed as an additive in hybrid perovskites, endowing the photoactive materials with high thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The ETI additive inhibits methylammonium (MA) permeation in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI(3)) occurring due to intrinsic thermal degradation, by inhibiting out-diffusion of the MA(+) cation, preserving the pristine material and preventing decomposition. With this simple approach, high efficiency solar cells based on the unstable MAPbI(3) perovskite are markedly stabilized under maximum power point tracking, leading to greater than twice the preserved efficiency after 700 h of continuous light illumination and heating (60 degrees C). These results suggest a strategy to tackle the intrinsic thermal decomposition of MAI, an essential component in all state-of-the-art perovskite compositions.