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1. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandrao Bessudo, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., de la Parra, Rafael, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Cano, Jaime González, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazina, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivjio, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Published
2022

2. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuña-Marrero, David, Afonso, André S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Bradford, Russell W., Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Bruce, Barry D., Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Keating Daly, Clare A., Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., MacDonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, McAllister, Jaime D., Meÿer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zárate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Published
2021
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3. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, Acuña-Marrero, David, Afonso, André S., Afonso, Pedro, Anders, Darrell, Araujo, Gonzalo, Arauz, Randall, Bach, Pascal, Barnett, Adam, Bernal, Diego, Berumen, Michael L., Lion, Sandra Bessudo, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Blaison, Antonin V., Block, Barbara A., Bond, Mark E., Bonfil, Ramon, Braun, Camrin D., Brooks, Edward J., Brooks, Annabelle, Brown, Judith, Byrne, Michael E., Campana, Steven E., Carlisle, Aaron B., Chapman, Demian D., Chapple, Taylor K., Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Clua, Eric G., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Crochelet, Estelle C., Dagorn, Laurent, Daly, Ryan, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Doyle, Thomas K., Drew, Michael, Duffy, Clinton A. J., Erikson, Thor, Espinoza, Eduardo, Ferreira, Luciana C., Ferretti, Francesco, Filmalter, John D., Fischer, G. Chris, Fitzpatrick, Richard, Fontes, Jorge, Forget, Fabien, Fowler, Mark, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Gennari, Enrico, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Gollock, Matthew J., Green, Jonathan R., Gustafson, Johan A., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guzman, Hector M., Hammerschlag, Neil, Harman, Luke, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Heard, Matthew, Hearn, Alex R., Holdsworth, John C., Holmes, Bonnie J., Howey, Lucy A., Hoyos, Mauricio, Hueter, Robert E., Hussey, Nigel E., Huveneers, Charlie, Irion, Dylan T., Jacoby, David M. P., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Johnson, Ryan, Jordan, Lance K. B., Joyce, Warren, Keating Daly, Clare A., Ketchum, James T., Klimley, A. Peter, Kock, Alison A., Koen, Pieter, Ladino, Felipe, Lana, Fernanda O., Lea, James S. E., Llewellyn, Fiona, Lyon, Warrick S., MacDonnell, Anna, Macena, Bruno C. L., Marshall, Heather, McAllister, Jaime D., Meÿer, Michael A., Morris, John J., Nelson, Emily R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Poisson, Francois, Quintero, Lina Maria, Richardson, Andrew J., Rogers, Paul J., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Samoilys, Melita, Semmens, Jayson M., Sheaves, Marcus, Shillinger, George, Shivji, Mahmood, Singh, Sarika, Skomal, Gregory B., Smale, Malcolm J., Snyders, Laurenne B., Soler, German, Soria, Marc, Stehfest, Kilian M., Thorrold, Simon R., Tolotti, Mariana T., Towner, Alison, Travassos, Paulo, Tyminski, John P., Vandeperre, Frederic, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Weber, Sam B., Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Williams, Sean, Zárate, Patricia M., Harcourt, Robert, Hays, Graeme C., Meekan, Mark G., Thums, Michele, Irigoien, Xabier, Eguiluz, Victor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sousa, Lara L., Simpson, Samantha J., Southall, Emily J., and Sims, David W.

Published
2021
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4. Levy flight search patterns of marine predators not questioned: a reply to Edwards et al

Author

Sims, David W. and Humphries, Nicolas E.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Edwards et al question aspects of the methods used in two of our published papers that report results showing Levy walk like and Levy flight movement patterns of marine predators.The criticisms are focused on the applicability of some statistical methodologies used to detect power law distributions.We reply to the principal criticisms levelled at each of these papers in turn including our own reanalysis of specific datasets and find that neither of our papers conclusions are overturned in any part by the issues raised.Indeed, in addition to the findings of our research reported in these papers there is strong evidence accumulating from studies worldwide that organisms show movements and behaviour consistent with scale invariant patterns such as Levy flights., Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures

Published
2012

5. Measuring deoxygenation effects on marine predators: A new animal‐attached archival tag recording in situ dissolved oxygen, temperature, fine‐scale movements and behaviour.

Author

da Costa, Ivo, Sims, David W., Loureiro, Bruno, Waller, Matt J., Womersley, Freya C., Loveridge, Alexandra, Humphries, Nicolas E., Southall, Emily J., Vedor, Marisa, Mucientes, Gonzalo, Prendergast, Sophie, Fontes, Jorge, Afonso, Pedro, Macena, Bruno C. L., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., and Queiroz, Nuno

Subjects
PREDATORY aquatic animals, MARINE animals, OXYGEN detectors, PREY availability, OPTICAL sensors
Abstract

Global climate‐driven ocean warming has decreased dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (ocean deoxygenation) leading to expansions of hypoxic zones, which will affect the movements, behaviour, physiology and distributions of marine animals. However, the precise responses of animals to low DO remains poorly understood because movements and activity levels are seldom recorded alongside instantaneous DO in situ.We describe a new animal‐attached (dissolved oxygen measuring, DOME) archival tag with an optical oxygen sensor for recording DO, in addition to sensors for temperature and depth, a triaxial accelerometer for fine‐scale movements and activity, and a GPS for tag recovery. All sensors were integrated on a single electronic board.Calibration tests demonstrated small mean difference between DOME tag and factory‐calibrated DO sensors (mean relative error of 5%). No temporal drift occurred over a test period three times longer than the maximum deployment time. Deployments on four blue sharks (Prionace glauca) in the central North Atlantic Ocean showed regular vertical oscillations from the surface to a maximum of 404 m. Profiles from diving sharks recorded DO concentrations ranging from 217 to 272 μmol L−1, temperatures between 13°C and 23°C, and identified an oxygen maximum at ~45 m depth, all of which were consistent with ship‐based measurements. Interestingly, the percentage of time sharks spent burst swimming was greater in the top 85 m compared to deeper depths, potentially because of higher prey availability in the surface layer.The DOME tag described blue shark fine‐scale movements and activity levels in relation to accurately measured in situ DO and temperature, with the potential to offer new insights of animal performance in low oxygen environments. Development of a tag with physico‐chemical and movement sensors on a single electronic board is a first step towards satellite relay of these data over broader spatiotemporal scales (months over thousands of kilometres) to determine direct and indirect responses of marine animals to heatwave and deoxygenation events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, da Costa, Ivo, Sequeira, Ana M. M., and Mucientes, Gonzalo

Subjects
Distribution, Analysis, Protection and preservation, Methods, Company distribution practices, Fisheries -- Analysis -- Distribution, Animal spatial behavior -- Analysis, Risk assessment -- Methods, Sharks -- Protection and preservation -- Analysis -- Distribution, Spatial behavior in animals -- Analysis, Fish industry -- Analysis -- Distribution
Abstract

Author(s): Nuno Queiroz [sup.1] [sup.2] , Nicolas E. Humphries [sup.2] , Ana Couto [sup.1] , Marisa Vedor [sup.1] [sup.3] , Ivo da Costa [sup.1] , Ana M. M. Sequeira [sup.4] [...], Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management. A global dataset of the satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and fishing fleets show that sharks--and, in particular, commercially important species--have limited spatial refuge from fishing effort.

Published
2019
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16. GlobalSharkMovement / GlobalCollisionRisk

Author

Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Repository containing derived data for the manuscript 'Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world's largest fish, the whale shark'.

Published
2022

17. Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark

Author

Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., Sims, David W., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Womersley, Freya C., Humphries, Nicolas E., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Furtado, Miguel, Tyminski, John P., Abrantes, Katya, Araujo, Gonzalo, Bach, Steffen S., Barnett, Adam, Berumen, Michael L., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Braun, Camrin D., Clingham, Elizabeth, Cochran, Jesse E. M., Parra, Rafael de la, Diamant, Stella, Dove, Alistair D. M., Dudgeon, Christine L., Erdmann, Mark V., Espinoza, Eduardo, Fitzpatrick, Richard, González Cano , Jaime, Green, Jonathan R., Guzman, Hector M., Hardenstine, Royale, Hasan, Abdi, Hazin, Fábio H. V., Hearn, Alex R., Hueter, Robert E., Jaidah, Mohammed Y., Labaja, Jessica, Ladino, Felipe, Macena, Bruno C. L., Morris, John J., Norman, Bradley M., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Pierce, Simon J., Quintero, Lina M., Ramírez-Macías, Dení, Reynolds, Samantha D., Richardson, Anthony J., Robinson, David P., Rohner, Christoph A., Rowat, David R. L., Sheaves, Marcus, Shivji, Mahmood S., Sianipar, Abraham B., Skomal, Gregory B., Soler, German, Syakurachman, Ismail, Thorrold, Simon R., Webb, D. Harry, Wetherbee, Bradley M., White, Timothy D., Clavelle, Tyler, Kroodsma, David A., Thums, Michele, Ferreira, Luciana C., Meekan, Mark G., Arrowsmith, Lucy M., Lester, Emily K., Meyers, Megan M., Peel, Lauren R., Sequeira, Ana M. M., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Duarte, Carlos M., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic., [Significance] Global vessel traffic is increasing alongside world economic growth. The potential for rising lethal ship strikes on endangered species of marine megafauna, such as the plankton-feeding whale shark, remains poorly understood since areas of highest overlap are seldom determined across an entire species range. Here we show how satellite tracking whale sharks and large vessel movements globally provides a means to localize high-overlap areas and to determine how collision risk changes in time. Our results point to potential high levels of undetected or unreported ship strikes, which may explain why whale shark populations continue to decline despite protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Collision mitigations in high-collision-risk areas appear necessary to help conserve this iconic species.

Published
2022

19. Scaling laws of marine predator search behaviour

Author

Sims, David W., Southall, Emily J., Humphries, Nicolas E., Hays, Graeme C., Bradshaw, Corey J.A., Pitchford, Jonathan W., James, Alex, Ahmed, Mohammed Z., Brierley, Andrew S., Hindell, Mark A., Morritt, David, Musyl, Michael K., Righton, David, Shepard, Emily L.C., Wearmouth, Victoria J., Wilson, Rory P., Witt, Matthew J., and Metcalfe, Julian D.

Abstract

Many free-ranging predators have to make foraging decisions with little, if any, knowledge of present resource distribution and availability (1). The optimal search strategy they should use to maximize encounter [...]

Published
2008

20. Climate-driven deoxygenation elevates fishing vulnerability for the ocean’s widest ranging shark

Author

Vedor, Marisa, Queiroz, Nuno, Mucientes, Gonzalo, Couto, Ana, Costa, Ivo da, Santos, António dos, Vandeperre, Frederic, Fontes, Jorge, Afonso, Pedro, Rosa, Rui, Humphries, Nicolas E., Sims, David W., Vedor, Marisa, Queiroz, Nuno, Mucientes, Gonzalo, Couto, Ana, Costa, Ivo da, Santos, António dos, Vandeperre, Frederic, Fontes, Jorge, Afonso, Pedro, Rosa, Rui, Humphries, Nicolas E., and Sims, David W.

Abstract

Climate-driven expansions of ocean hypoxic zones are predicted to concentrate pelagic fish in oxygenated surface layers, but how expanding hypoxia and fisheries will interact to affect threatened pelagic sharks remains unknown. Here, analysis of satellite-tracked blue sharks and environmental modelling in the eastern tropical Atlantic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) shows shark maximum dive depths decreased due to combined effects of decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) at depth, high sea surface temperatures, and increased surface-layer net primary production. Multiple factors associated with climate-driven deoxygenation contributed to blue shark vertical habitat compression, potentially increasing their vulnerability to surface fisheries. Greater intensity of longline fishing effort occurred above the OMZ compared to adjacent waters. Higher shark catches were associated with strong DO gradients, suggesting potential aggregation along suitable DO gradients contributed to habitat compression and higher fishing-induced mortality. Fisheries controls to counteract deoxygenation effects on shark catches will be needed as oceans continue warming

Published
2021

21. Oceanic Diel Vertical Movement Patterns of Blue Sharks Vary With Water Temperature and Productivity to Change Vulnerability to Fishing

Author

Vedor, Marisa, Mucientes, Gonzalo, Hernández-Chan, Sofía, Rosa, Rui, Humphries, Nicolas E., Sims, David W., Queiroz, Nuno, Vedor, Marisa, Mucientes, Gonzalo, Hernández-Chan, Sofía, Rosa, Rui, Humphries, Nicolas E., Sims, David W., and Queiroz, Nuno

Abstract

In the pelagic environment diel vertical movements (DVM) are widespread across taxa, from zooplankton ascending from day-time depths into surface layers at night to avoid visual predators, to apex predators following prey movements to maximise foraging opportunities. The drivers of DVM in large predators such as pelagic sharks have only recently begun to be investigated in detail with the advent of sophisticated archival tags and high-resolution oceanographic datasets. In this study, we satellite tagged adult [>180 cm fork length, (FL)] blue sharks (Prionace glauca) in the North Atlantic Ocean to examine behavioural changes in response to the encountered environment, and therefore, to determine potential risks of capture using pelagic longline fisheries data. Although blue sharks recurrently use surface waters, cyclic diel behaviours were observed, with >95% of night-time spent above 250 m depth and variable day-time depth use. Hence, three different diel behaviours were identified during the tracking period: (i) regular normal DVM (nDVM) (dawn descent – dusk ascent, with over 90% of nighttime spent above 250 m, and between 5 and 50% of the day below this threshold); (ii) surface-oriented behaviour (occupation of surface waters both day and night), and (iii) deep depth-oriented nDVM [dawn descent – dusk ascent, with the majority (>50%) of daytime spent at depth]. Importantly, diel behaviours generally occurred in different ocean regions with nDVM frequently observed in high latitudes, associated with cold, highly productive waters (e.g., North Atlantic Current/Labrador Current convergence zone, West African upwelling area), while depth-oriented nDVM was observed in warm, oligotrophic areas. Thus, day-time occupation of shallow waters significantly increased with lower water temperature at depth (100 m), and with increasing concentration (and decreasing depth) of the chlorophyll a maximum. During nights of full moon blue sharks spent significantly more time in the de

Published
2021

27. Translating marine animal tracking data into conservation policy and management

Author

Hays, Graeme C., Bailey, Helen, Bograd, Steven J., Bowen, W. Don, Campagna, Claudio, Carmichael, Ruth H., Casale, Paolo, Chiaradia, Andre, Costa, Daniel P., Cuevas, Eduardo, Nico de Bruyn, P.J., Dias, Maria P., Duarte, Carlos M., Dunn, Daniel C., Dutton, Peter H., Esteban, Nicole, Friedlaender, Ari, Goetz, Kimberly T., Godley, Brendan J., Halpin, Patrick N., Hamann, Mark, Hammerschlag, Neil, Harcourt, Robert, Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hazen, Elliott L., Heupel, Michelle R., Hoyt, Erich, Humphries, Nicolas E., Kot, Connie Y., Lea, James S.E., Marsh, Helene, Maxwell, Sara M., McMahon, Clive R., Notarbartolo di Sciara, Giuseppe, Palacios, Daniel M., Phillips, Richard A., Righton, David, Schofield, Gail, Seminoff, Jeffrey A., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Sims, David W., Takahashi, Akinori, Tetley, Michael J., Thums, Michele, Trathan, Philip N., Villegas-Amtmann, Stella, Wells, Randall S., Whiting, Scott D., Wildermann, Natalie E., Sequeira, Ana M.M., Hays, Graeme C., Bailey, Helen, Bograd, Steven J., Bowen, W. Don, Campagna, Claudio, Carmichael, Ruth H., Casale, Paolo, Chiaradia, Andre, Costa, Daniel P., Cuevas, Eduardo, Nico de Bruyn, P.J., Dias, Maria P., Duarte, Carlos M., Dunn, Daniel C., Dutton, Peter H., Esteban, Nicole, Friedlaender, Ari, Goetz, Kimberly T., Godley, Brendan J., Halpin, Patrick N., Hamann, Mark, Hammerschlag, Neil, Harcourt, Robert, Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hazen, Elliott L., Heupel, Michelle R., Hoyt, Erich, Humphries, Nicolas E., Kot, Connie Y., Lea, James S.E., Marsh, Helene, Maxwell, Sara M., McMahon, Clive R., Notarbartolo di Sciara, Giuseppe, Palacios, Daniel M., Phillips, Richard A., Righton, David, Schofield, Gail, Seminoff, Jeffrey A., Simpfendorfer, Colin A., Sims, David W., Takahashi, Akinori, Tetley, Michael J., Thums, Michele, Trathan, Philip N., Villegas-Amtmann, Stella, Wells, Randall S., Whiting, Scott D., Wildermann, Natalie E., and Sequeira, Ana M.M.

Abstract

There have been efforts around the globe to track individuals of many marine species and assess their movements and distribution, with the putative goal of supporting their conservation and management. Determining whether, and how, tracking data have been successfully applied to address real-world conservation issues is, however, difficult. Here, we compile a broad range of case studies from diverse marine taxa to show how tracking data have helped inform conservation policy and management, including reductions in fisheries bycatch and vessel strikes, and the design and administration of marine protected areas and important habitats. Using these examples, we highlight pathways through which the past and future investment in collecting animal tracking data might be better used to achieve tangible conservation benefits.

Published
2019

28. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Save Our Seas Foundation, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte, Xunta de Galicia, Australian Respiratory Council, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, McAuley, Rory, White, Timothy D., Block, Barbara A., Bradford, Russel W., Brooks, Annabelle, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Macena, Bruno C. L., Rogers, Paul J., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Berumen, Michael L., Hazin, Fábio H. V., Marshall, Heather, Shillinger, George, Travassos, Paulo, Barnett, Adam, Carlisle, Aaron B., Harcourt, Robert, Campana, Steven E., Fischer, G. Chris, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Brown, Judith, Doyle, Thomas K., Chapman, Demian D., Bond, Mark E., Southall, Emily J., Braun, Camrin D., Dagorn, Laurent, Richardson, Andrew J., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Bruce, Barry D., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Fowler, Mark, Chapple, Taylor K., Sheaves, Marcus, Bonfil, Ramón, Crochelet, Estelle C., Duarte, Carlos M., Brooks, Edward J., Ferreira, Luciana C., Quintero, Lina Maria, Smale, Malcolm J., Pierce, Simon J., Semmens, Jayson M., Ferretti, Francesco, Thums, Michele, Wetherbee, Bradley M., Gennari, Enrico, Forget, Fabian, Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Stehfest, Kilian M., Drew, Michael, Klimley, Peter A., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Harman, Luke, Hammerschlag, Neil, Daly, Ryan, Poisson, Francois, Filmalter, John D., Duffy, Clinton A. J., Heard, Matthew, Erikson, Thor, Zárate, Patricia M., Hussey, Nigel E., Hearn, Alex R., Soria, Marc, Samoilys, Melita, Guttridge, Tristan L., Espinoza, Eduardo, Green, Jonathan R., Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gustafson, Johan A., Hueter, Robert E., Skomal, Gregory B., Patterson, Toby A., Simpson, Samantha J., Gollock, Matthew J., Kock, Alison A., Fontes, Jorges, Guzman, Hector M., Huveneers, Charlie, Lea, James S. E., Vandeperre, Frederic, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Lana, Fernando O., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Pepperell, Julian G., Tolotti, Mariana T., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Meekan, Mark G., Nelson, Emily R., Singh, Sarika, Joyce, Warran, MacDonnell, Anna, Johnson, Ryan, McAllister, Jaime D., Ketchum, James T., Blaison, Antonin V., Holdsworth, John C., Meÿer, Michael A., Jordan, Lance K. B., Holmes, Bonnie J., Thorrold, Simon R., Howey, Lucy A., Keating Daly, Clare A., Bernal, Diego, Jorgensen, Salvador J., Ladino, Felipe, Hoyos, Hoyos, Rowat, David R. L., Sims, David W., Shivji, Mahmood, Morris, John J., Irion, David T., Llewellyn, Fiona, Arauz, Randall, Stevens, John D., Araujo, Gonzalo, Jacoby, David M. P., Tyminski, John P., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Bach, Pascal, Soler, German, Lyon, Warrick S., Rohner, Christoph A., Sousa, Lara L., Weber, Sam B., Byrne, Michael E., Afonso, Pedro, Koen, Pieter, Acuña-Marrero, David, Towner, Alison, Afonso, André S., Irigoien, Xabier, Williams, Sean, Hays, Graeme C., Snyders, Laurenne B., Clua, Eric, Anders, Darrell, Vaudo, Jeremy J., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Save Our Seas Foundation, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte, Xunta de Galicia, Australian Respiratory Council, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Couto, Ana, Vedor, Marisa, Costa, Ivo da, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Mucientes, Gonzalo, Santos, António M., Abascal, Francisco J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Abrantes, Katya, McAuley, Rory, White, Timothy D., Block, Barbara A., Bradford, Russel W., Brooks, Annabelle, Cortés, Daniel Devia, Macena, Bruno C. L., Rogers, Paul J., Bessudo Lion, Sandra, Berumen, Michael L., Hazin, Fábio H. V., Marshall, Heather, Shillinger, George, Travassos, Paulo, Barnett, Adam, Carlisle, Aaron B., Harcourt, Robert, Campana, Steven E., Fischer, G. Chris, Bezerra, Natalia P. A., Brown, Judith, Doyle, Thomas K., Chapman, Demian D., Bond, Mark E., Southall, Emily J., Braun, Camrin D., Dagorn, Laurent, Richardson, Andrew J., Cochran, Jesse E. M., Bruce, Barry D., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Watanabe, Yuuki Y., Fowler, Mark, Chapple, Taylor K., Sheaves, Marcus, Bonfil, Ramón, Crochelet, Estelle C., Duarte, Carlos M., Brooks, Edward J., Ferreira, Luciana C., Quintero, Lina Maria, Smale, Malcolm J., Pierce, Simon J., Semmens, Jayson M., Ferretti, Francesco, Thums, Michele, Wetherbee, Bradley M., Gennari, Enrico, Forget, Fabian, Chisholm, John, Clarke, Christopher R., Stehfest, Kilian M., Drew, Michael, Klimley, Peter A., Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar, Harman, Luke, Hammerschlag, Neil, Daly, Ryan, Poisson, Francois, Filmalter, John D., Duffy, Clinton A. J., Heard, Matthew, Erikson, Thor, Zárate, Patricia M., Hussey, Nigel E., Hearn, Alex R., Soria, Marc, Samoilys, Melita, Guttridge, Tristan L., Espinoza, Eduardo, Green, Jonathan R., Fitzpatrick, Richard, Gustafson, Johan A., Hueter, Robert E., Skomal, Gregory B., Patterson, Toby A., Simpson, Samantha J., Gollock, Matthew J., Kock, Alison A., Fontes, Jorges, Guzman, Hector M., Huveneers, Charlie, Lea, James S. E., Vandeperre, Frederic, Francis, Malcolm P., Gallagher, Austin J., Lana, Fernando O., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Pepperell, Julian G., Tolotti, Mariana T., Jewell, Oliver J. D., Meekan, Mark G., Nelson, Emily R., Singh, Sarika, Joyce, Warran, MacDonnell, Anna, Johnson, Ryan, McAllister, Jaime D., Ketchum, James T., Blaison, Antonin V., Holdsworth, John C., Meÿer, Michael A., Jordan, Lance K. B., Holmes, Bonnie J., Thorrold, Simon R., Howey, Lucy A., Keating Daly, Clare A., Bernal, Diego, Jorgensen, Salvador J., Ladino, Felipe, Hoyos, Hoyos, Rowat, David R. L., Sims, David W., Shivji, Mahmood, Morris, John J., Irion, David T., Llewellyn, Fiona, Arauz, Randall, Stevens, John D., Araujo, Gonzalo, Jacoby, David M. P., Tyminski, John P., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Bach, Pascal, Soler, German, Lyon, Warrick S., Rohner, Christoph A., Sousa, Lara L., Weber, Sam B., Byrne, Michael E., Afonso, Pedro, Koen, Pieter, Acuña-Marrero, David, Towner, Alison, Afonso, André S., Irigoien, Xabier, Williams, Sean, Hays, Graeme C., Snyders, Laurenne B., Clua, Eric, Anders, Darrell, and Vaudo, Jeremy J.

Abstract

Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.

Published
2019

29. Quantifying effects of tracking data bias on species distribution models.

Author

O'Toole, Malcolm, Queiroz, Nuno, Humphries, Nicolas E., Sims, David W., Sequeira, Ana M. M., and Freckleton, Robert

Subjects
SPECIES distribution, ZOOGEOGRAPHY, DATA distribution, TRACKING & trailing, GLOBAL Positioning System, SPATIAL variation
Abstract

Telemetry datasets are becoming increasingly large and covering a wider range of species using different technologies (GPS, Argos, light‐based geolocation). Together, such datasets hold tremendous potential to understand species' space use at broad spatial scale, through the development of species distribution or habitat suitability models (SDMs) to predict environmental dependencies of species across space and time. However, tracking datasets can be heavily biased and an assessment of how such biases affect SDM predictions, and therefore, our interpretation of animal distributions is lacking.We generated simulated tracks based on predetermined environmental values for a random predator and a central place forager, and then sampled positions from those tracks based on a combination of five common biases in tracking datasets: (a) tagging location; (b) tracking device; (c) data gaps within tracks; (d) premature tag detachment (or failure) and (e) different processing methods. We then used 240 combinations of the resulting biased simulated datasets to develop binomial generalised linear (GLM) and additive (GAM) models to estimate habitat suitability in different environmental sets (cool deep, cool coastal, warm deep and warm coastal environments).Our results show that tagging location and length of tracks have the largest effects in decreasing model performance, but that these biases can be overcome by adding a small percentage of additional, relatively less biased tracks to the dataset. In comparison, the effects from all other biases were almost negligible, including for low resolution tracking datasets for which sufficient tracks are available. We also highlight the need for a cautionary approach when using processing methods that can introduce other biases (e.g. interpolated locations). Similar trends were obtained for the random predator and the central place forager, but with relatively lower model performance for the latter.We provide evidence that even non‐GPS tracking datasets can be readily used to improve the knowledge of large‐scale space use by species without the need for detailed processing and tracking reconstruction. This is especially relevant in the current context of rapid increase in data acquisition and the urgent need to address the large spatial scale ecological consequences of global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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30. Convergence of marine megafauna movement patterns in coastal and open oceans

Author

Sequeira, Ana M. M., Rodríguez, Jorge P., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Harcourt, Robert, Hindell, Mark, Sims, David W., Duarte, Carlos M., Costa, Daniel P., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Ferreira, Luciana C., Hays, Graeme, Heupel, Michelle R., Meekan, Mark G., Aven, Allen, Bailleul, Frédéric, Baylis, Alastair M. M., Berumen, Michael L., Braun, Camrin D., Burns, Jennifer, Caley, M. Julian, Campbell, R., Carmichael, Ruth H., Clua, Eric, Einoder, Luke D., Friedlaender, Ari S., Goebel, Michael E., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Guinet, Christophe, Gunn, John, Hamer, D., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hammill, Mike O., Hückstädt, Luis A., Humphries, Nicolas E., Lea, Mary-Anne, Lowther, Andrew D., Mackay, Alice, McHuron, Elizabeth, McKenzie, J., McLeay, Lachlan, McMahon, Cathy R., Mengersen, Kerrie, Muelbert, Monica M. C., Pagano, Anthony M., Page, B., Queiroz, N., Robinson, Patrick W., Shaffer, Scott A., Shivji, Mahmood, Skomal, Gregory B., Thorrold, Simon R., Villegas-Amtmann, Stella, Weise, Michael, Wells, Randall S., Wetherbee, Bradley M., Wiebkin, A., Wienecke, Barbara, Thums, Michele, Sequeira, Ana M. M., Rodríguez, Jorge P., Eguíluz, Víctor M., Harcourt, Robert, Hindell, Mark, Sims, David W., Duarte, Carlos M., Costa, Daniel P., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Ferreira, Luciana C., Hays, Graeme, Heupel, Michelle R., Meekan, Mark G., Aven, Allen, Bailleul, Frédéric, Baylis, Alastair M. M., Berumen, Michael L., Braun, Camrin D., Burns, Jennifer, Caley, M. Julian, Campbell, R., Carmichael, Ruth H., Clua, Eric, Einoder, Luke D., Friedlaender, Ari S., Goebel, Michael E., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Guinet, Christophe, Gunn, John, Hamer, D., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hammill, Mike O., Hückstädt, Luis A., Humphries, Nicolas E., Lea, Mary-Anne, Lowther, Andrew D., Mackay, Alice, McHuron, Elizabeth, McKenzie, J., McLeay, Lachlan, McMahon, Cathy R., Mengersen, Kerrie, Muelbert, Monica M. C., Pagano, Anthony M., Page, B., Queiroz, N., Robinson, Patrick W., Shaffer, Scott A., Shivji, Mahmood, Skomal, Gregory B., Thorrold, Simon R., Villegas-Amtmann, Stella, Weise, Michael, Wells, Randall S., Wetherbee, Bradley M., Wiebkin, A., Wienecke, Barbara, and Thums, Michele

Abstract

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 (2018): 3072-3077, doi:10.1073/pnas.1716137115., The extent of increasing anthropogenic impacts on large marine vertebrates partly depends on the animals’ movement patterns. Effective conservation requires identification of the key drivers of movement including intrinsic properties and extrinsic constraints associated with the dynamic nature of the environments the animals inhabit. However, the relative importance of intrinsic versus extrinsic factors remains elusive. We analyse a global dataset of 2.8 million locations from > 2,600 tracked individuals across 50 marine vertebrates evolutionarily separated by millions of years and using different locomotion modes (fly, swim, walk/paddle). Strikingly, movement patterns show a remarkable convergence, being strongly conserved across species and independent of body length and mass, despite these traits ranging over 10 orders of magnitude among the species studied. This represents a fundamental difference between marine and terrestrial vertebrates not previously identified, likely linked to the reduced costs of locomotion in water. Movement patterns were primarily explained by the interaction between species-specific traits and the habitat(s) they move through, resulting in complex movement patterns when moving close to coasts compared to more predictable patterns when moving in open oceans. This distinct difference may be associated with greater complexity within coastal micro-habitats, highlighting a critical role of preferred habitat in shaping marine vertebrate global movements. Efforts to develop understanding of the characteristics of vertebrate movement should consider the habitat(s) through which they move to identify how movement patterns will alter with forecasted severe ocean changes, such as reduced Arctic sea ice cover, sea level rise and declining oxygen content., Workshops funding granted by the UWA Oceans Institute, AIMS, and KAUST. AMMS was supported by an ARC Grant DE170100841 and an IOMRC (UWA, AIMS, CSIRO) fellowship; JPR by MEDC (FPU program, Spain); DWS by UK NERC and Save Our Seas Foundation; NQ by FCT (Portugal); MMCM by a CAPES fellowship (Ministry of Education).

Published
2018

31. Convergence of marine megafauna movement patterns in coastal and open oceans

Author

University of Western Australia, UWA Oceans Institute, Australian Institute of Marine Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Australian Research Council, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Save Our Seas Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Sequeira, Ana M. M., Rodríguez-García, Jorge Pablo, Eguíluz, Víctor M., Harcourt, Robert G., Hindell, Mark A., Sims, David W., Duarte, Carlos M., Costa, Daniel P., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Ferreira, Luciana, Hays, Graeme C., Heupel, Michelle R., Meekan, Mark G., Aven, Allen M., Bailleul, Fred, Baylis, Alastair, Berumen, Michael L., Braun, Camrin D., Burns, Jennifer, Caley, M. Julian, Campbell, Richard, Carmichael, Ruth H., Clua, Eric, Einoder, Luke, Friedlaender, Ari, Goebel, Mike E., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Guinet, Christophe, Gunn, John, Hamer, Derek, Hammerschlag, Neil, Hammill, Mike O., Hückstädt, Luis A., Humphries, Nicolas E., Lea, Mary-Anne, Lowther, Andrew, Mackay, Alice, McHuron, Elizabeth, McKenzie, Jane, McLeay, Lachlan, McMahon, Clive R., Mengersen, Kerrie R., Muelbert, Monica M. C., Pagano, Anthony M., Page, Bradley, Queiroz, Nuno, Robinson, Patrick W., Shaffer, Scott A., Shivji, Mahmood S., Skomal, Gregory B., Thorrold, Simon R., Villegas-Amtmann, Stella, Weise, Michael, Wells, Randall S., Wetherbee, Bradley M., Wiebkin, Annalise, Wienecke, Barbara, Thums, Michael, University of Western Australia, UWA Oceans Institute, Australian Institute of Marine Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Australian Research Council, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Save Our Seas Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Sequeira, Ana M. M., Rodríguez-García, Jorge Pablo, Eguíluz, Víctor M., Harcourt, Robert G., Hindell, Mark A., Sims, David W., Duarte, Carlos M., Costa, Daniel P., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Ferreira, Luciana, Hays, Graeme C., Heupel, Michelle R., Meekan, Mark G., Aven, Allen M., Bailleul, Fred, Baylis, Alastair, Berumen, Michael L., Braun, Camrin D., Burns, Jennifer, Caley, M. Julian, Campbell, Richard, Carmichael, Ruth H., Clua, Eric, Einoder, Luke, Friedlaender, Ari, Goebel, Mike E., Goldsworthy, Simon D., Guinet, Christophe, Gunn, John, Hamer, Derek, Hammerschlag, Neil, Hammill, Mike O., Hückstädt, Luis A., Humphries, Nicolas E., Lea, Mary-Anne, Lowther, Andrew, Mackay, Alice, McHuron, Elizabeth, McKenzie, Jane, McLeay, Lachlan, McMahon, Clive R., Mengersen, Kerrie R., Muelbert, Monica M. C., Pagano, Anthony M., Page, Bradley, Queiroz, Nuno, Robinson, Patrick W., Shaffer, Scott A., Shivji, Mahmood S., Skomal, Gregory B., Thorrold, Simon R., Villegas-Amtmann, Stella, Weise, Michael, Wells, Randall S., Wetherbee, Bradley M., Wiebkin, Annalise, Wienecke, Barbara, and Thums, Michael

Abstract

The extent of increasing anthropogenic impacts on large marine vertebrates partly depends on the animals’ movement patterns. Effective conservation requires identification of the key drivers of movement including intrinsic properties and extrinsic constraints associated with the dynamic nature of the environments the animals inhabit. However, the relative importance of intrinsic versus extrinsic factors remains elusive. We analyze a global dataset of ∼2.8 million locations from >2,600 tracked individuals across 50 marine vertebrates evolutionarily separated by millions of years and using different locomotion modes (fly, swim, walk/paddle). Strikingly, movement patterns show a remarkable convergence, being strongly conserved across species and independent of body length and mass, despite these traits ranging over 10 orders of magnitude among the species studied. This represents a fundamental difference between marine and terrestrial vertebrates not previously identified, likely linked to the reduced costs of locomotion in water. Movement patterns were primarily explained by the interaction between species-specific traits and the habitat(s) they move through, resulting in complex movement patterns when moving close to coasts compared with more predictable patterns when moving in open oceans. This distinct difference may be associated with greater complexity within coastal microhabitats, highlighting a critical role of preferred habitat in shaping marine vertebrate global movements. Efforts to develop understanding of the characteristics of vertebrate movement should consider the habitat(s) through which they move to identify how movement patterns will alter with forecasted severe ocean changes, such as reduced Arctic sea ice cover, sea level rise, and declining oxygen content.

Published
2018

44. Optimal searching behaviour generated intrinsically by the central pattern generator for locomotion

Author

David W. Sims, Jimena Berni, Nan Hu, Nicolas E. Humphries, Violeta Medan, Humphries, Nicolas E [0000-0003-3741-1594], Berni, Jimena [0000-0002-5068-1372], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Apoptosis, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Suboesophageal ganglion, Drosophila Proteins, Biology (General), Appetitive Behavior, D. melanogaster, General Neuroscience, Biología del Desarrollo, Temperature, Central pattern generator, Brain, General Medicine, Random walk, locomotion, Drosophila melanogaster, Lévy flight, Larva, Medicine, levy walk, ecology, Cues, Biological system, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Research Article, Dynamins, QH301-705.5, Science, Sensory system, Q0179.9, exploration, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, Neural activity, QL0750, Lévy walks, Animals, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Probability, General Immunology and Microbiology, Feeding Behavior, central pattern generator, 030104 developmental biology, Central Pattern Generators, Exploratory Behavior, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Drosophila larvae
Abstract

Efficient searching for resources such as food by animals is key to their survival. It has been proposed that diverse animals from insects to sharks and humans adopt searching patterns that resemble a simple Lévy random walk, which is theoretically optimal for ‘blind foragers’ to locate sparse, patchy resources. To test if such patterns are generated intrinsically, or arise via environmental interactions, we tracked free-moving Drosophila larvae with (and without) blocked synaptic activity in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) and sensory neurons. In brain- blocked larvae, we found that extended substrate exploration emerges as multi-scale movement paths similar to truncated Lévy walks. Strikingly, power-law exponents of brain/SOG/sensory- blocked larvae averaged 1.96, close to a theoretical optimum (m ffi 2.0) for locating sparse resources. Thus, efficient spatial exploration can emerge from autonomous patterns in neural activity. Our results provide the strongest evidence so far for the intrinsic generation of Lévy-like movement patterns. Fil: Sims, David W. The Marine Biological Association; Reino Unido. University of Southampton; Reino Unido Fil: Humphries, Nicolas E. The Marine Biological Association; Reino Unido Fil: Hu, Nan. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido Fil: Medan, Violeta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; Argentina Fil: Berni, Jimena. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos

Published
2019

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