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The development and multiple variations in technology and science have endured the education. Nevertheless, education is one of the primary components that uphold the development of a country. In the meantime, diverse technologies have been introduced to blend in education. For example, Bayesian Networks is a probability-based data modelling approach that illustrates a set of variables and their conditional dependencies through a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Each node formed inside the graph has a Conditional Probability Table (CPT). Therefore, the endurance of this bibliometric review is to identify peer-reviewed literature on the Bayesian network approach in education. Scopus citation databases are used in the data-gathering phase. In addition, PICOS Framework and PRISMA approach were obtained and analysed for keyword search on the research topic. This bibliographic data of articles published in the journals over ten years were extracted. R-tool and VOS viewer were used to analyse the data contained in all journals and articles. This bibliometric review shows the usage of the Bayesian network approach in education, especially in educational application development. The findings from 87 articles extracted show that teaching and learning activity delivery and educational management have improved. The findings show an increasing trend in published studies related to the Bayesian network in education. Next, the United Kingdom and the United States became highly productive countries in the publication of studies within the scope of the Bayesian network. Next, interdisciplinary became the primary choice in the publication of studies in the field of Bayesian networks. The level of predictive accuracy generated through the Bayesian network approach improves the quality of educational application development. However, the findings of previous studies indicate that there is a need to extend the Bayesian network approach in education.

This study aimed to evaluate RTE halal burgers' microbiological quality and determine their shelf life. A total of 68 samples were randomly purchased from street stalls around Kuantan city as convenience selected samples and examined for Total Plate Count (TPC), presumptive S. aureus count and presumptive E. coli count. For the shelf-life study, 14 samples were purchased at one time from one street stall and the analyses of TPC and presumptive S. aureus count were performed at seven intervals of holding times. The results showed that all samples have low to medium risks with TPC

This study evaluated sunnah and non-sunnah eating manners among young Muslim generation in Kuantan, Pahang involving secondary school children (age between 13-17) and university students (age between 18-25 years old). The sunnah and non-sunnah eating manners were cross-sectional studied and their effect on comfort practices and satiety levels were examined. About 200 respondents were voluntarily participated in this study where the data were collected using specific and pre-tested questionnaire. The level of comfort practices and satiety were measured using 1-5 Likert scale and all data were statistically analysed using computer software program; Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The results show that among sunnah eating practices which got high percentage score are recite doa before eating (84.0%), take closest food first (67.0%) and wash hand after eating (61.5%). While among non-sunnah eating practices which frequently practiced by respondents are eat while watching TV or reading (37.5%), blowing onto hot food (35.0%) and bring up plate close to mouth when eating (31.0%). Most practices of sunnah eating manners are influenced at least by one demographic factors either education level, age, gender and parenting factors. Many of non-sunnah eating manners are practiced by respondents on their own and not influenced by demographic factors. The results also show that sunnah eating manners are more comfortable to be practiced than non-sunnah eating manners and sunnah eating manners can give full satisfaction where the eater can achieve full satiety level where non-sunnah eating manners just give fullness feeling. This study shows a lot of wisdoms behind practices of sunnah eating manners.

Autonomous vehicles have the potential to reduce the risk of accidents as they eliminate the element of human error from driving. Lack of attention, poor judgement, or physical limitations may lead to road incidents. Thus, the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles should be a priority. However, before being publicly available, autonomous vehicles must be tested to ensure their viability and safety by conducting public road testing. Autonomous vehicles have been designed and tested since the early 1900s; however, deployment of fully autonomous vehicles on public roads only started in the 2000s. Numerous countries have developed guidelines for public road testing, but those rules are not uniform, and discrepancies occur between nations. Issues such as vehicular safety, registrations, authority, insurance, cybersecurity, and infrastructures weigh differently in each country. Synthesizing these diverse national regulations into global guidelines would promote the safety and sustainability of autonomous vehicle testing and benefit all parties interested in autonomous vehicles.

The most common reasons given for breastfeeding discontinuation among working women is insufficient or low milk supply which related to physiological and psychological factors. In this case, natural galactagogue is suggested as an alternative for lactating women to augment expressed breast milk supply, instead of using drugs as a milk booster. This study investigated the banana flower of Musa x paradisiaca for its galactogenic property on lactating working women. Formulations containing banana flower flour (BFF) and wheat flour with ratio of 50:50 were consumed by randomised lactating working women. A total of 58 mother-infant pairs were assigned to two groups which were placebo group (n=29) who consumed plain biscuits (without addition of BFF) and experimental group (n=29) who consumed prototype biscuits. Expressed breast milk (EBM), anthropometric indices of mothers and infants were recorded before and after the consumption of the biscuits. The result showed that EBM volume after consuming lactogenic biscuits among experimental group was significantly higher compared to placebo groups. The index of mother’s BMI change after the intervention was not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). However, the BMI for age index after the intervention was significantly different among the infants (p

The role of poverty rate, medical diagnoses, napping and medication on sleep habits contribute to the academic performance of the children. The problem of sleeping students in the classroom is an underestimated problem in Malaysia. The goal of our project was to produce a non-intrusive, portable and easy to use solution to detect whether or not a person was falling asleep while in the classroom. The methods used in our system were sensors to detect whether or not the eye was open or closed and sensors to detect whether or not the head was dipped below a certain angle. This data was transmitted wirelessly where a microcontroller was used to determine whether or not to activate our alarm system. Our project was developed in C code and testing and verification were performed to validate the accuracy of the sensors and alarm decision system., El papel del índice de pobreza, los diagnósticos médicos, las siestas y la medicación en los hábitos de sueño contribuyen al rendimiento académico de los niños. El problema de los estudiantes que duermen en la sala de clase es un problema subestimado en Malasia. El objetivo de nuestro proyecto era producir una solución no intrusiva, portátil y fácil de usar para detectar si una persona se estaba quedando dormida mientras estaba en el aula. Los métodos utilizados en nuestro sistema fueron los sensores para detectar si el ojo estaba abierto o cerrado o no, y los sensores para detectar si la cabeza estaba o no sumergida por debajo de cierto ángulo. Estos datos se transmitieron de forma inalámbrica cuando se usó un microcontrolador para determinar si activar o no nuestro sistema de alarma. Nuestro proyecto se desarrolló en código C y se realizaron pruebas y verificaciones para validar la precisión de los sensores y el sistema de decisión de alarmas.

Spices are used in food around the world for enhancing the flavour/aroma of dietary preparations. Apart from this aspect spices are also used in herbal medicines practice/treatment. However, the effect of mixed spices namely cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata), turmeric (Curcuma longa), and bay leaves also known as curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) on serum glucose, insulin and adiponectin protein concentration in rats induced hyperglycemia with streptozotocin (STZ) have not been studied. Sprague Dawley rats aged three months were injected with STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) in the abdomen in order to induce hyperglycemia. The rats were acclimatized with diets prior allocation to the doses of mixed spices. After having developed hyperglycemia, the rats were divided into four groups i.e. 0 (control), one, two and three g per day. The aforementioned spices were ground and mixed in equal ratios and added to stock diets 0, 1, 2 and 3 gram of the mixed spices in the feed to be fed to rats daily. The total duration of the feeding was 40 days and followed by 20 days after effect of the spices. Blood was collected on the day 0, 21, 31, 41 from the tail and on the 61st day from heart puncture of the rats. The blood samples were immediately processed for serum separation after day 61 collection and stored for later analysis at -70 C. The serum was analyzed for adiponectin protein, insulin and glucose. The statistical analysis of the results indicated that serum adiponectin protein and insulin concentration were significantly (P

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the quantity of medium filth (najs mutawassitah) and the growth rate of faecal borne bacteria in self prepared fried rice toward the standardization of ‘halalan toyyibah’ food. Methods: The samples of fried rice were cooked with the application of hygienic practices. A specific quantity of human stools were then purposely inoculated into the samples. The growth curves of the bacteria were determined using NanoDrop 1000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer at 630nm where the initial and end of lag times for each of the bacterial growth were determined. Results: The results showed that if the contamination of human stools in the food is in small quantity (1-2 drops), it may have no health risk at all (within lag time). If the human stools are in higher volume (more than 2 drops, or about 1 ml) then it may start to contaminate the food and could then lead to health risks. If foods are contaminated with small amounts (about 0.1 ml) of human stools and left at ambient temperature (about 37o C) for about 4 hours, the same thing will happen. Conclusions: If the level of health risk is translated according to Shariah law, foods which are contaminated with higher amount (more than 2 drops, or about 1 ml) of human stools or contaminated with small amounts (1-2 drops) of human stools, but are left (about 4 hours) at ambient temperature can be considered as shubhah/makhrooh to be eaten.

Problem statement: Processing of food involving heat will contribute to loss of nutritional content, thus it is important to measure and control temperature and time to reduce the loss.Approach: Examine the effects of variations in boiling temperature and boiling time on the antioxidant activity of the boiling extract of Plecranthus amboinicus Lour. Fresh plants were boiled at 45, 60, 100 and 120°C for 1, 2 and 3 h respectively. The decoction was then filtered and the antioxidant activities of the extracted samples were measured on the basis of the scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Results: The antioxidant activity increased with the rise of temperature from 45-100°C but dropped when the extraction temperature was raised to 120°C. Two hours boiling time gave the highest antioxidant activities, but with no significant difference compared to 1 h boiling time (p>0.05). However, 3 h of boiling gave significantly (p

Globalisasi merupakan satu fenomena yang sangat sering di diskusikan oleh para sarjana. Hal ini karena ia memiliki dampak yang sangat besar bagi kehidupan manusia, khususnya terhadap agama dan spiritualitas. Paper ini adalah salah satu di antaranya, yang berupaya mengkaji dampak globalisasi terhadap manusia, khususnya pada umat Islam dan Kristen yang ada di Malaysia dan Swedia. Untuk konteks Swedia, penulis mendasarkannya pada tulisan Prof. Lande dari Swedia tentang isu-isu agama. Kemudian penulis memaparkan pandangan Malaysia terhadap komunitas multireligius. Sebagai kesimpulan dari tulisannya, penulis menyatakan bahwa sebuah komunitas multireligius dalam globalisasi yang humanis adalah sesuatu yang niscaya jika semua bangsa dapat jujur untuk mengakui dan mendukung kebebasan beragama.

Paper ini mencoba melihat perbedaan cara berteologi dalam Islam yang dianut oleh muslim rasionalis atau mu’tazilah dan muslim tradisionalis atau asy’ariyah. Menurut penulis, ada beberapa poin yang patut diperhatikan dalam melihat perbedaan ideology dogma yang dipegang oleh masing-masing kelompok ini. Pertama, masing-masing kelompok sama-sama menjadikan al-qur’an sebagai rujukan mereka ketika menerima atau menolak suatu dogma teologis tertentu. Kedua, kaum rasionalis menolak klaim bahwa al-Qur’an itu tidak diciptakan dan kemampuan untuk melihat Tuhan sebagaimana yang diyakini oleh kaum tradisionalis. Ketiga, munculnya perbedaan dari kaum rasionalis dan tradisionalis dalam upaya mereka untuk menerima atau menolak dogma teologis tertentu terkadang karena penyandaran pada kata yang sama dengan pemaknaan yang berbeda atau perbedaan dalam merujuk suatu ayat.

At present Malaysia has nine public or government universities and two institutes. They are Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Sai s Malaysia (USM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Univesiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Institut Teknologi MARA (ITM), and Institut Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn (ITTHO). (KPM1998/99, 1-164). Malaysia also has six pri vate universities and many private institutes and colleges. The private universities are International Islamic University Malaysia (HUM), Uni versiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNITAR), Universiti Telekom Malaysia (UNITELE) and Universiti Monash in Malaysia. (Utusan Malaysia 4/5/1998, p. 26). Although Malaysia has nine public universities and six private univer sities, only two public universities UM and UKM and one private univer sity namely HUM offer Islamic studies leading to the bachelor, master and doctoral degrees. The other public universities in Malaysia either of fer Islamic education or courses in Islamic Civilisation to their students; the Islamic courses are either part of the General Studies or the University Courses. According to Dr Abdul Halim Mat Diah, Datuk Sri Dr. Ma hathir Muhammed asked the public universities in Malaysia to offer courses in Islamic Civilisation for Muslim and non-Muslim students. (Abdul Halim 1989, p. 27). The private colleges and universities in Malaysia are also required to offer Islamic education for Muslim students and Moral education for non Muslim students starting in January 1999. Malaysian Education Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak was reported on March 30, 1998 to have said "To ensure private colleges and universities offer holistic education in line with the country's objectives, they have to teach Pendidikan Islam [sic Islamic education], Pendidikan Moral [sic Moral education] and Ma laysian Studies from Jan 1 next year [sic January 1999]... Malaysian Muslim students are required to take Pendidikan Islam and non-Muslims the Pendidikan Moral both to be taught in Bahasa Malaysia... Students need only take the subjects... they need not pass it [sic them] as their di