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6. Microwave radar sensor for solid flow measurement

Author

Isa, Maryam Binte Mohd and Wu, Zhipeng

Subjects
681, Fluid mechanics, Industrial flow measurement
Abstract

Industrial flow measurement is a challenging area and in high demand. Tremendous research has been carried out to improve and solve problems in the flow measurement system. Thus, new techniques are produced and a wider range of flow measurement solutions have become available in market. This study has introduced a new technique that is useful and proves to be applicable in industrial flow measurement system. Microwave Doppler radar sensor was used to extract useful information of the solid flow characteristics. The amplitude level of the Doppler signal is analysed instead of the frequency shift that is normally used in conventional Doppler radar sensor. The relation between the amplitude level and the characteristic of the flow was determined to define the characteristics of the flow. The solids weight and dimension are among the characteristics that are investigated in this study. Microwave sensor circuits based on Doppler radar technique operating at 2.45GHz and 10.58GHz were designed, constructed and tested. The 2.45GHz system was built in the initial study and pre-testing of the Doppler radar sensor system prior to the construction of the 10.58GHz system that was later used for the measurement purposes. The antennas and circuit analyses were carried out in building an optimum sensor system. Two-antenna and two-antenna with copper plate are two new antenna configurations that are applied in single solid flow measurement analysis. The flow measurements were carried out using different types of solids ranges from 4mm to 20mm sizes and 0.02g to 0.63g of weight for single and multiple solids flow. The linear relations of the reflected power and the solids characteristics determined from the analyses are found to be useful in differentiating the type of solids and measuring the total weight of solids flowing.

Published
2006

16. A Novel PID Robotic for Speed Controller Using Optimization Based Tune Technique

Author

Alkhafaji, Falih Salih Mahdi Salih, Mohd. Isa, Maryam, Sulaiman, Nasri, and Hasan, Wan Zuha Wan

Subjects
Computers / Information Technology
Abstract

One of the most significant issue of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is the efforts to optimize coefficient gains. Based on survey, massive tuning methods were proposed to resolve this problem but there is little pay attention to maximize minimization time response significantly. This study proposed a novel technique to maximize optimization PID gains for the DC motor controller by combining both proper tuning method with signal input signal output (SISO) optimization toolbox using optimization based tune (OBT) techniques, that could be utilized for the highest precision controller. The comparative study has been carried out by applying five different tuning methods to obtain a proper tuning controller, then to be combined with SISO optimization toolbox. The utilized tuning methods are Robust Auto tune (RAT), Ziegler–Nichols (Z-N), Skogestad Internal Model Control (SIMC), Chien Hroues Reswick (CHR), and Approximate M-Constrained Integral Gain Optimization (AMIGO). The performance of each tuning methods based OBT are analyzed and compared using MATLAB/SISO tool environment, where the efficiency has been assessed on a basis of time response characteristics (Ti) in terms of dead time (td), rise time (tr), settling time (ts), peak time (tp) and peak overshoot (Pos). The simulation results of AMIGO based proposal show a significant reduction time response characteristic to be measured in the Microsecond unit (μs). The novelty feature of the proposed is that provides superior balancing between robustness and performance. This study has been completely rewritten to account for the robotic controller development that has been taken place in the last years.

Published
2022

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