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A sensitive and reliable method is described for the determination of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene, trichloromethane, trichloroethane, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene) in indoor and outdoor air at environmental concentration levels. The procedure can be easily extended to other VOCs. Using passive samplers the VOCs have been adsorbed onto charcoal during a four-week sampling period and subsequently desorbed with carbon disulfide. After injection with a cold split-splitless multi-injector the VOCs have been separated by capillary gas chromatography. Quantification has been achieved using an electron capture detector (ECD) and a flame ionization detector (FID) switched in series. A limit of about 1 μg/m3 for aromatic hydrocarbons and of about 0.01 μg/m3 for chlorinated hydrocarbons has been obtained. The procedure has been successfully applied in the framework of a field study to measure indoor and outdoor air concentrations in Essen and Borken, two differently polluted areas of Northrhine-Westphalia.

Published in the series Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 7 (2000) The article contains sections titled: General principles Equipment, chemicals and solutions Equipment Chemicals Solutions Calibration standards Specimen collection and sample preparation Operational parameters Operational conditions for liquid chromatography Operational conditions for the flow injection system Operational conditions for atomic absorption spectrometry Principle of the HPLC method Analytical determination Calibration Calculation of the analytical result Standardisation and quality control Reliability of the method Precision Accuracy Detection limits Sources of error Discussion of the method Keywords: determination in urine; liquid chromatography; hydride AAS; analysis in biological materials; occupational monitoring; analytical method; biomarker; metabolites

Published in the series Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 7 (2000) The article contains sections titled: Summary Equipment, chemicals and solutions Equipment Chemicals Solutions Calibration standards Specimen collection and sample preparation Specimen collection UV digestion Operational parameters Analytical determination Calibration and calculation of the analytical result Standardisation and quality control Reliability of the method Precision Accuracy Detection limit Sources of error Discussion of the method Keywords: determination in urine; inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry; ICP-MS; analysis in biological materials; occupational monitoring; analytical method; biomarker; metabolites

Published in the series Biomonitoring Methods, Vol. 11 (2007) The article contains sections titled: General principles Equipment, chemicals and solutions Equipment Chemicals Solutions Calibration standards Specimen collection and sample preparation Sample preparation Operational parameters Analytical determination Calibration Calculation of the analytical result Standardisation and quality control Evaluation of the method Precision Accuracy Detection limits Sources of error Discussion of the method Keywords: determination in urine; inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry; ICP-MS; analysis in biological materials; occupational monitoring; analytical method; biomarker; metabolites

Temporal variation of hydroxyl radical generation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation by coarse and fine particulate matter.Shi T, Knaapen AM, Begerow J, Birmili W, Borm PJ, Schins RP.Institut fur umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.AIMS: To determine the induction of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by fine (