126 results on '"Jägerbrand, Annika K."'
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2. Speed reduction effects over distance of animal-vehicle collision countermeasures – a driving simulator study
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., Antonson, Hans, and Ahlström, Christer
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- 2018
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3. Vegetation responses to 26 years of warming at Latnjajaure Field Station, northern Sweden
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Scharn, Ruud, primary, Brachmann, Cole G., additional, Patchett, Aurora, additional, Reese, Heather, additional, Bjorkman, Anne D., additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Björk, Robert G., additional, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Molau, Ulf, additional, and Björkman, Mats P., additional
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- 2022
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4. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?
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Lett, Signe, primary, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., additional, Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, additional, Christiansen, Casper T., additional, During, Heinjo, additional, Ekelund, Flemming, additional, Henry, Gregory H.R., additional, Lang, Simone I., additional, Michelsen, Anders, additional, Rousk, Kathrin, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Betway, Katlyn R., additional, Rui, Sara B., additional, Callaghan, Terry, additional, Carbognani, Michele, additional, Cooper, Elisabeth J., additional, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., additional, Dorrepaal, Ellen, additional, Egelkraut, Dagmar, additional, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., additional, Haugum, Siri V., additional, Hollister, Robert D., additional, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Keuper, Frida, additional, Klanderud, Kari, additional, Lévesque, Esther, additional, Liu, Xin, additional, May, Jeremy, additional, Michel, Pascale, additional, Mörsdorf, Martin, additional, Petraglia, Alessandro, additional, Rixen, Christian, additional, Robroek, Bjorn J.M., additional, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., additional, Tolvanen, Anne, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, Volkov, Igor, additional, Volkova, Irina, additional, and Zuijlen, Kristel van, additional
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- 2022
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5. Dead or alive? Testing the use of C:N ratios and chlorophyll fluorescence in vertical shoot profiles to determine depth of vitality and point of senescence in populations of bryophytes
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Jägerbrand, Annika K.
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- 2015
6. Effects of human trampling on abundance and diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in alpine heath vegetation, Northern Sweden
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Jägerbrand, Annika K and Alatalo, Juha M
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- 2015
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7. Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment
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Bouroussis, Constantinos A., primary and Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional
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- 2022
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8. Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon, nitrogen, moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities
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Alatalo, Juha M., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Juhanson, Jaanis, Michelsen, Anders, and Ľuptáčik, Peter
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integumentary system ,FOS: Environmental engineering ,Environmental engineering ,Article - Abstract
High-altitude and alpine areas are predicted to experience rapid and substantial increases in future temperature, which may have serious impacts on soil carbon, nutrient and soil fauna. Here we report the impact of 20 years of experimental warming on soil properties and soil mites in three contrasting plant communities in alpine/subarctic Sweden. Long-term warming decreased juvenile oribatid mite density, but had no effect on adult oribatids density, total mite density, any major mite group or the most common species. Long-term warming also caused loss of nitrogen, carbon and moisture from the mineral soil layer in mesic meadow, but not in wet meadow or heath or from the organic soil layer. There was a significant site effect on the density of one mite species, Oppiella neerlandica, and all soil parameters. A significant plot-scale impact on mites suggests that small-scale heterogeneity may be important for buffering mites from global warming. The results indicated that juvenile mites may be more vulnerable to global warming than adult stages. Importantly, the results also indicated that global warming may cause carbon and nitrogen losses in alpine and tundra mineral soils and that its effects may differ at local scale.Other Information Published in: Scientific Reports License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep44489
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- 2022
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9. Impact of ambient temperature, precipitation and seven years of experimental warming and nutrient
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Alatalo, Juha, Dai, Junhu, Pandey, Rajiv, Erfanian, Mohammad Bagher, Ahmed, Talaat, Bai, Yang, Molau, Ulf, and Jägerbrand, Annika K.
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Arctic ,ITEX ,food and beverages ,Climate change ,fruit production ,plant reproduction ,Tundra - Abstract
Global change is causing changes in temperature, precipitation, and nutrient availability. Alpine and polar regions are predicted to be among the most vulnerable for these changes. We applied a seven-year factorial experiment with warming and nutrient addition in two alpine vegetation communities. We analyzed relationship between fruit production and monthly mean, max and min temperatures during the fall of the pre-fruiting year, fruiting summer, whole fruit production period, and effects of summer and winter precipitation on fruit production. Nutrient addition and combined nutrient addition and warming increased total fruit production, and fruit production of graminoids in the later years in the Heath and Meadow and had a positive effect on forbs in the Meadow. In contrast fruit production of evergreen shrubs were negative affected by all treatments in the Meadow and Heath, while fruit production of deciduous shrubs was negatively affected in the Meadow. Minimum and mean temperatures were more important than max temperatures, and max temperatures of the fall before flowering was more important than max temperature during the flowering year. Winter precipitation had significant effect on total fruit production, fruit production of deciduous shrubs and forbs in the Heath, and on evergreen shrubs and forbs in the Meadow. Increased nutrient availability increased fruit production over time in contrasting high alpine plant communities, while experimental warming had no, or negative effect. Additionally, the results indicate that warmer summers may have limited impact on fruit production of high alpine plants. Instead, max temperatures during the fall before the fruiting year, and minimum temperatures may be more important. This study was supported by Carl Tryggers stiftelse för vetenskaplig forskning and Qatar Petroleum to JMA.
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- 2021
10. Litter decomposition above the treeline in alpine regions: A mini review
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Rawat, Monika, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Bai, Yang, and Alatalo, Juha M.
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Carbon cycling ,Soil organic matter ,High altitude ,Decomposers ,Quality ,Plant litter - Abstract
Litter decomposition is a key driver of ecosystem processes and carbon cycling. Decomposition rate is influenced by numerous factors, such as temperature, humidity, litter properties, soil properties, and properties of soil fauna/microbial communities. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge on litter decomposition above the treeline in alpine regions worldwide and identify: I) factors that have been studied in great detail, II) factors that have been less intensively investigated, III) geographical regions that have been less well studied, and IV) factors with consistent or inconsistent effects on decomposition. The review showed inconsistent results for all factors covered by two or more studies regarding their effect on decomposition rate (positive, negative, no effect), usually a result of interactions between factors. Studies examining one or several factors in the physical environment (i.e., altitude, experimental warming, microclimate, snow cover and soil moisture) were most common, while studies on different aspects of resource quality were the second most common. The impacts of trophic interactions on soil microbes and fauna were less frequently studied. Europe and Asia were the best-represented regions, in terms of number of studies and geographical distribution, while there were no studies from Africa and very few from South America and Australia. North American studies were all from Colorado, and those from Asia were all from China. In order to obtain better global representation, there is a need for studies in Africa, South America, and Australia. There is also a need for more studies to explain the large variation in responses of litter decomposition rates to different influencing factors in alpine environments. Future research should focus on interactions between different factors and on experiments testing specific relationships, such as the potential interaction between temperature and soil moisture and its effect on litter decomposition above the treeline in alpine regions. This study was supported by a grant from Qatar Petroleum ( QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19 ).
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- 2021
11. Plant Community Responses to 5 Years of Simulated Climate Change in Meadow and Heath Ecosystems at a Subarctic-Alpine Site
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., Alatalo, Juha M., Chrimes, Dillon, and Molau, Ulf
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- 2009
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12. Effects of an in Situ Temperature Increase on the Short-Term Growth of Arctic-Alpine Bryophytes
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Jägerbrand, Annika K.
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- 2007
13. Phenotypic Variation at Different Spatial Scales in Relation to Environment in Two Circumpolar Bryophyte Species
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., and Økland, Rune H.
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- 2005
14. Effects of Simulated Shade on Growth, Number of Branches and Biomass in Hylocomium splendens and Racomitrium lanuginosum
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Jägerbrand, Annika K. and During, Heinjo J.
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- 2005
15. Perceived Lighting Uniformity on Pedestrian Roads: From an Architectural Perspective
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Wänström Lindh, Ulrika, primary and Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional
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- 2021
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16. Vascular plant abundance and diversity in an alpine heath under observed and simulated global change
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Alatalo, Juha M., Little, Chelsea J., Jägerbrand, Annika K., and Molau, Ulf
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- 2015
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17. Impact of qualitative and quantitative methods on the evaluation of street lighting uniformity
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Wänström Lindh, Ulrika and Jägerbrand, Annika K.
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Infrastrukturteknik ,Uniformity ,Visual perception ,Urban lighting ,Qualitative methods ,Field studies ,Quantitative methods ,Infrastructure Engineering ,Pedestrians - Abstract
Uniformity of lighting for pedestrians is often assumed to have been achieved in mixed traffic environments when the lighting uniformity requirements for vehicular traffic have been fulfilled. Uniformity of lighting for drivers is commonly evaluated based on quantitative data on parameters such as overall luminance uniformity. However, methods for evaluating uniformity from the perspective of other road users are currently somewhat lacking. This study discusses qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing street lighting uniformity, and the potential implications for lighting design and the road users. We used convergence design and imbedded design based on two field studies. The research purpose is twofold: first, to study if, and how, measured lighting uniformity corresponds with visual perception. Secondly, to identify and explain the additional value that a combined method approach can contribute. The study considers examples of when the measured uniformity corresponds to visually perceived uniformity and when they do not correspond. Conference held online.
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- 2021
18. Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?
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Lett, Signe, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Becker-scarpitta, Antoine, Christiansen, Casper T., During, Heinjo, Ekelund, Flemming, Henry, Greg H.r., Lang, Simone, Michelsen, Anders, Rousk, Kathrin, Alatalo, Juha, Betway, Katlyn Rose, Busca, Sara, Callaghan, Terry, Carbognani, Michele, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Egelkraut, Dagmar, Elumeeva, Tatiana G., Haugum, Siri V., Hollister, Robert D., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Keuper, Frida, Klanderud, Kari, Lévesque, Esther, Liu, Xin, May, Jeremy, Michel, Pascale, Mörsdorf, Martin A, Petraglia, Alessandro, Rixen, Christian, Robroek, Bjorn, Rzepczynska, Agnieszka M., Soudzilovskaia, Nadia, Tolvanen, Anne, Vandvik, Vigdis, Volkov, Igor, Volkova, Irina, Van Zuijlen, Kristel, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Plant Production Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, and Systems Ecology
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Arctic–Alpine ,Earth and Planetary Sciences(all) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,mosses ,Environmental Science(all) ,Ecosystem ,functional traits ,Primary productivity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Plant diversity ,Ekologi ,Ecology ,water holding capacity ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Resolution (electron density) ,Aquatic Ecology ,environmental change ,15. Life on land ,11831 Plant biology ,Tundra ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Bryophyte ,SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Funding Information: This study was supported by a grant to SL from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie, Grant No. 797446 and by the Independent Research Fund Denmark, Grant no. 0135-00140B. Funding from the Academy of Finland (grant 322266), National Science Foundation (1504224, 1836839, PLR-1504381 and PLR-1836898), Independent Research Fund Denmark (9040-00314B), Moscow State University, (project No 121032500089-1), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet, Polar Continental Shelf Program, Northern Science Training Program, Polar Knowledge Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Tomsk State University competitiveness improvement program and the Russian Science Foundation (grant No 20-67-46018) are gratefully acknowledged. Matthias Ahrens provided valuable insights on the cushion growth form, and we are most thankful. We thank Gaius Shaver and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable critique and input to earlier versions of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © the author(s) or their institution(s). The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore how higher resolution of bryophyte functional diversity can be encouraged and implemented in tundra ecological studies. We briefly review previous bryophyte functional classifications and the roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems and their susceptibility to environmental change. Based on shoot morphology and colony organization, we then propose twelve easily distinguishable bryophyte functional groups. To illustrate how bryophyte functional groups can help elucidate variation in bryophyte effects and responses, we compiled existing data on water holding capacity, a key bryophyte trait. Although plant functional groups can mask potentially high interspecific and intraspecific variability, we found better separation of bryophyte functional group means compared with previous grouping systems regarding water holding capacity. This suggests that our bryophyte functional groups truly represent variation in the functional roles of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems. Lastly, we provide recommendations to improve the monitoring of bryophyte community changes in tundra study sites.
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- 2021
19. Ecological Impact of Artificial Light at Night: Effective Strategies and Measures to Deal with Protected Species and Habitats
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., primary and Bouroussis, Constantinos A., additional
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- 2021
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20. Visitors off the trail: Impacts on the dominant plant, bryophyte and lichen species in alpine heath vegetation in sub-arctic Sweden
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Rawat, Monika, primary, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Molau, Ulf, additional, Bai, Yang, additional, and Alatalo, Juha M., additional
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- 2021
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21. Effects of ambient climate and three warming treatments on fruit production in an alpine, subarctic meadow community
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Alatalo, Juha M., primary, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Dai, Junhu, additional, Mollazehi, Mohammad D., additional, Abdel‐Salam, Abdel‐Salam G., additional, Pandey, Rajiv, additional, and Molau, Ulf, additional
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- 2021
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22. Development of an Indicator System for Local Governments to Plan and Evaluate Sustainable Outdoor Lighting
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., primary
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- 2021
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23. Bryophyte cover and richness decline after 18 years of experimental warming in alpine Sweden
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Alatalo, Juha M, primary, Jägerbrand, Annika K, additional, Erfanian, Mohammad Bagher, additional, Chen, Shengbin, additional, Sun, Shou-Qin, additional, and Molau, Ulf, additional
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- 2020
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24. Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Sustainable Development and Energy Performance of Exterior Lighting
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., primary
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- 2020
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25. GrassPlot v. 2.00 : first update on the database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands
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Biurrun, Idoia, Burrascano, Sabina, Dembicz, Iwona, Guarino, Riccardo, Kapfer, Jutta, Pielech, Remigiusz, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Wagner, Viktoria, Palpurina, Salza, Mimet, Anne, Pellissier, Vincent, Marcenò, Corrado, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Bergamini, Ariel, Boch, Steffen, Csergő, Anna Mária, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Campos, Juan Antonio, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kuzemko, Anna, Manthey, Michael, Meerbeek, Koenraad van, Swacha, Grzegorz, Afif, Elias, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Babbi, Manuel, Bátori, Zoltán, Belonovskaya, Elena, Berg, Christian, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Cancellieri, Laura, Ceulemans, Tobias, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dramstad, Wenche, Dřevojan, Pavel, Ecker, Klaus, Essl, Franz, Etzold, Jonathan, Filibeck, Goffredo, Fjellstad, Wendy, Güler, Behlül, Hájek, Michal, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Hodgson, John G., Honrado, João P., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kelemen, András, Kirschner, Philipp, Klichowska, Ewelina, Kolomiiets, Ganna, Kozub, Łukasz, Lepš, Jan, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Magnes, Martin, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Malicki, Marek, Mašić, Ermin, Meier, Eliane S., Mirin, Denis, Molau, Ulf, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Pedersen, Christian, Pérez-Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Roleček, Jan, Ronkin, Vladimir, Savchenko, Galina, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Sickel, Hanne, Stevens, Carly, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Valkó, Orsolya, Mechelen, Carmen Van, Vashenyak, Iuliia, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Zlotnikova, Ekaterina, and Dengler, Jürgen
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Palaearctic ,scale dependence ,GrassPlot ,macroecology ,Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD) ,grassland vegetation ,species-area relationship (SAR) ,nested plot ,community ecology ,Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) ,biodiversity ,vegetationplot database - Published
- 2019
26. Vägnära vegetation i staden – påverkan på trafiksäkerhet och luftkvalitet
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Janhäll, Sara and Jägerbrand, Annika K.
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Infrastrukturteknik ,Infrastructure Engineering - Abstract
Att använda vegetation för att minska halterna av luftföroreningar i tätorter har blivit alltmer vanligt. Tidigare studier har visat att vegetationen bör placeras nära källan för att underlätta rening av luften via filtrering. Det finns också andra aspekter på hur vegetationen ska designas för att ge positiva effekter på luftkvaliteten. Då placeringen av vegetation mycket nära trafiken också kan ge effekter på trafiksäkerheten har denna studie kombinerat de nya rekommendationerna avseende luftkvalitet med en genomgång av hur vegetation behandlas i de planeringsprocesser som är aktuella för vägnära vegetation och hur vägnära vegetation påverkar trafiksäkerheten. Denna studie har genomförts främst med hjälp av litteraturstudier, både av vetenskaplig litteratur och av handledningar och annan typ av skriftligt material inom området. Viktiga slutsatser av studien är att vegetation behandlas på olika sätt i olika delar av planeringsprocesserna, vilket kan göra att hanteringen av vägnära vegetation ibland försvåras. Vår bedömning är att vägplanering och vegetationsplanering kan behöva integreras i fler fall. Avseende trafiksäkerhet finns rekommendationer om att röja den vegetation som hindrar synbarheten, både direkt och genom att skugga behövlig belysning. Det finns också anledning att hålla stamdiametrar nere för att minska risken för allvarlig skada, samt att beakta hur vegetation kan ta upp krockkrafter och minska skaderisken. Vegetationen kan också ha positiva trafiksäkerhetseffekter genom visuell eller fysisk avgränsning, skydda mot bländning eller användas som en hastighetsdämpande åtgärd.
- Published
- 2019
27. Uppdatering och nya effektsamband i effektmodellen för viltolyckor
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., Gren, I-M., Seiler, A., and Johansson, Ö.
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Vilt- och fiskeförvaltning ,Fish and Wildlife Management - Abstract
Viltolyckor i Sverige är ett växande problem som leder till dödade och skadade personer, liksom skador på fordon och dödade djur. Viltolyckor har samhällsekonomiska kostnader som behöver kvantifieras för att man ska kunna räkna ut kostnadsnyttan av åtgärder som förebygger viltolyckor, såsom exempelvis viltstängsel eller passager. Effektmodellen för viltolyckor utvecklades under 1980-talet och ingår i EVA (effekter vid väganalyser) men är idag till vissa delar föråldrad på grund av utvecklingen som skett avseende trafiksäkerhet, viltolyckssammansättning, datasystem, kunskap och forskning. Den existerande effektmodellen bygger på risk för viltolyckor per km väg per län i tre trafikflödesklasser för älg och summerat ihop för rådjur/ren. Detta projekt har haft som mål att uppdatera effektmodellen för viltolyckor genom att inkludera aktuella data på viltolycksfördelningar och mörkertal, beakta flera viltslag (älg, rådjur, hjort och vildsvin) och involvera flera variabler som kan vara av betydelse för olyckorna: t.ex. viltets populationsstorlek, vägstandard, trafikarbete, hastighet, viltstängsel, landskapstyp och viltets populationsstorlek. Arbetet har delats upp i tre huvudsakliga delar. Den första delen omfattade att ta fram ny kunskap om sambanden mellan viltolyckor, trafikarbete, och viltpopulationer där också landskapsvariabler ingår samt kostnadsberäkningar baserat på olika typer av prognoser på längre sikt. En annan del omfattade att ta fram ny viltolycksstatistik baserat på GIS-analyser för uppdaterade effektsamband för viltolyckor (olycksfrekvens per km väg), ÅDT1 , vägstandard och stängsel samt nya skattningar av mörkertal. Den tredje delen omfattade att ta fram nya värden för skadeföljd och skadekonsekvenser för olika viltslag för 2010–2016. Resultaten från första delen av projektet visar att utifrån ett oförändrat jakttryck kommer viltolyckorna att öka med 12% från 2015 fram till 2030, mestadels på grund av en fördubbling av vildsvinsolyckor medan risken för olycka med älg och rådjur minskar något. Vid minskat jakttryck under samma period visar resultaten att det är teoretiskt möjligt att viltolyckorna istället kommer att öka med 50%. Beräknade kostnader för viltolyckor år 2030 (ASEK 6) varierar mellan 1 707 och 7 556 miljoner kronor beroende på antaganden om jakttryck och skadekostnader. Olyckor med rådjur svarar för den största delen av olyckorna under hela perioden, men olyckor med vildsvin ökar mest under samtliga scenarier. Prognos för kostnadsberäkningar av viltolyckor för Västra Götaland och Skåne inkluderas som exempel. Data från 2010–2016 visar att viltolyckorna ökat mer eller mindre konstant sen 2003 och att ökningen i olyckstal över åren sker med snabbare takt än ökningen i trafikarbetet. På mindre vägar tilltar olycksfrekvenser med ökande trafikarbete fram till en genomsnittlig trafikvolym av omkring 5 000 ÅDT. På större vägar avtar däremot olycksfrekvensen med stigande trafik. Olycksfrekvensen är högst på mellanstora vägar men avtar på trafiktunga vägar och på vägar med hög hastighet. Uppdaterade värden för skadeföljd och skadekonsekvens baserades på uttag ur STRADA2 och NVR3 2010–2016 och endast polisrapporterade olyckor (förutom för RPMI4 värden där även sjukhusrapporter ingick). Skadeföljden visar att dödade och skadade personer i älg- och rådjur/hjortolyckor har minskat och justeringar i de nya värdena har gjorts. För skadekonsekvenser föreslås nya värden för älgolyckor medan föregående värden behållits för rådjur/hjort och även föreslås för vildsvin. Nya värden för skadeföljd föreslås för rådjur/hjort och vildsvin. Slutligen diskuteras antagande i effektmodellen och resultat utifrån trafiksäkerhetsutvecklingen, relevanta viltolycksfrågor, samt några utvalda aspekter inför effektmodellens implementering. Wildlife-vehicle accidents in Sweden are a growing problem that causes killed and injured humans, damage to vehicles and killed animals. Wildlife-vehicle accidents have socioeconomic costs that need to be quantified to calculate the cost-benefits of measures to prevent the accidents, for example game fencing or animal passages. The effect-model for wildlife-vehicle accidents was developed in the 1980s but is currently obsolete due to developments in road safety, changes in wildlife populations, data systems, knowledge and research. The existing effectmodel is based on the risk of accidents per km road per county in three traffic flow categories and divided into moose and summed up for deer and reindeer. This project aims at updating the effect-model for wildlife-vehicle accidents by including current data on wildlife collisions, considering various species of wildlife (elk, deer and wild boar) and several variables that may be of significance to the accidents: such as: population size, road standard, traffic load, vehicle speed, and landscape type. The work has mainly been divided into three parts. The first part involved the development of a model including wildlife accidents, traffic load and population size/growth and landscape variables, as well as cost estimates based on different model scenarios in long-term forecasts. Another part involved GIS analyzes of updated wildlife-vehicle accident statistics; accident rate per km road, AADT5 , road standard and fencing, and new estimates of unknown cases. The third part comprised presenting new values for damage and risk consequences (percentage probabilities for fatalities and personal injuries) for vehicle accidents in recent years. The results for the first part of the project show that wildlife-vehicle accidents will increase by 12% from 2015 to 2030, mainly due to a doubling of wild boar accidents, whereas the risk of accident with elk and deer decreases slightly. In the case of reduced hunting pressure, the results show that it is theoretically possible that wildlife accidents will instead increase by 50%. Estimated costs of game accidents in 2030 (ASEK 6) vary between 1 707 and 7 556 million SEK, depending on assumptions about hunting and injury costs. Accidents with deer are responsible for most of the accidents throughout the period, but accidents with wild boar increase most in all scenarios. Cost estimates of wildlife accidents for Västra Götaland and Skåne in a long-term forecast are included as examples. The GIS analyzes on data from 2010-2016 show that wildlife-vehicle accidents has increased constantly since 2003 and that the increase in accidents over the years occurs at a faster rate than the increase in traffic load. On minor roads accidents will increase synchronously with the traffic volume up to approximately 5 000 AADT. On larger roads, accident frequency will decline with increased traffic load. The accident frequency is highest on medium-sized roads but decreases on traffic-heavy roads and on high-speed roads. Updated values for damage consequences were based on data from STRADA6 and NVR7 2010-2016 and police reported accidents (except for calculating RPMI8 values). The results show that killed and injured persons in moose and roe deer/deer accidents have decreased and adjustments in the new values are suggested. For damage consequences, new values for moose accidents are suggested while previous values have been kept for deer and are proposed to use wild boar. Finally, assumptions in the effect-model and results based on road safety development, relevant wildlife issues, and some selected aspects regarding the implementation of the effect-model are discussed.
- Published
- 2018
28. LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer : Fokus på nordiska förhållanden och känsliga arter och grupper
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Ekologi ,Infrastrukturteknik ,Ecology ,Infrastructure Engineering - Abstract
Rapporten är slutrapport för projektet ”LED-belysningens effekter på djur och natur med rekommendationer” (internt projektnummer AJD0008) som utförts under 2016–2018 och som genomförts av Calluna AB på uppdrag av Trafikverket och Transportstyrelsen.
- Published
- 2018
29. Speed responses of trucks to light and weather conditions
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., primary and Sjöbergh, Jonas, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. State of preparedness for climate change adaptation in operations and maintenance of transport infrastructure in eight Swedish municipalities
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Folkeson, Lennart, Jägerbrand, Annika K., and Genell, Anders
- Subjects
Planning ,Adaptation (gen) ,Local authority ,Public Administration Studies ,Studier av offentlig förvaltning ,Climate change - Abstract
This study analysed the preparedness for climate change adaptation (CCA) of transport infrastructure in eight municipalities in Sweden. The study focused on municipal officials’ role in organizing and implementing CCA measures. The interviews were done in 2011. Many respondents confused CCA with climate change mitigation. Three of the municipalities had performed vulnerability analyses but apart from that, well-documented decision support in long-term adaptation was largely lacking. Adaptation measures were often based on day-to-day problems and recently experienced weather incidents. Strategic work with long-term CCA seemed to be largely lacking. The placing of the responsibility for CCA in the municipal organization was often unclear. Six of the respondents found there were no actual hindrances to their work with CCA and no conflicts with other municipal aims. However, several responses indicated budgetary competition with environmental aims or other societal strivings. The planning and implementation of CCA measures seemed to be highly dependent on individual officials, their engagement, their passivity/activity regarding this issue, their defined responsibility and the boundaries for their current position in the municipality organization. I denna studie analyserades beredskapen för transportsystemets anpassning till klimatförändring i åtta svenska kommuner. Studien fokuserade på kommunala tjänstemäns roll i arbetet med att organisera och genomföra åtgärder för klimatanpassning. Intervjuerna genomfördes 2011. Många av de intervjuade blandade samman klimatanpassning med åtgärder mot klimatförändring. Tre av kommunerna hade utfört sårbarhetsanalyser, men väldokumenterade beslutsstöd för anpassningsåtgärder saknades i hög grad. Där åtgärder genomförts, var de ofta baserade på dagliga problem och erfarenheter från nyligen inträffade väderincidenter. Strategiskt arbete med klimatanpassning verkade i stort sett saknas. Ansvaret för klimatanpassning var ofta oklart. Sex av de intervjuade angav att det inte fanns några egentliga hinder för deras arbete med klimatanpassning eller konflikter med andra kommunala intressen. Flera svar angav dock budgetkonkurrens med kommunala prioriteringar inriktade mot miljö eller andra samhällsintressen. Såväl de intervjuades kunskaper som planeringen och genomförandet av klimatanpassningsåtgärder verkade vara starkt beroende av enskilda tjänstemän och deras engagemang samt definition och avgränsning av deras ansvarsområden inom organisationen. Planering och beslutsprocesser för klimatanpassning av drift och underhåll
- Published
- 2017
31. Mörkertal i viltolycksstatistiken : resultat från enkätundersökning och analyser av olycksdata
- Author
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Andreas, Seiler and Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Vilt- och fiskeförvaltning ,Fish and Wildlife Management ,trafikolyckor ,klövvilt ,viltolyckor ,trafikvsäkerhet - Abstract
En av de vanligaste orsakerna till vägtrafikolyckor är påkörning av vilda djur, i synnerhet klövdjur. Över 45 000 viltolyckor per år registrerades under de sen-aste 5 åren och antalen ökar stadigt. Trots upprepade informationskampanjer, omfattande investering i viltstängsel och andra förebyggande åtgärder och i kon-trast till avskjutningsstatistik för älg och rådjur, så ökar olyckstalen i snabbare takt än vad som kan förväntas på grund av ökat trafikarbete och större fordons-flotta. Det är tydligt att viltolycksproblematiken i Sverige inte är under kontroll. En bidragande faktor är att inte alla inträffade olycksfall rapporteras och inte alla rapporterade händelser återges av den officiella statistiken. Uppräknings-faktorerna som Trafikverket använder i sina Effektberäkningar vid Väganalyser (EVA-kalkyler) är utdaterade och utgår från effektsamband som troligtvis inte längre är aktuella. För att planera effektiva och riktade åtgärder behövs bättre kunskap om var, när och hur ofta viltolyckor inträffar. Föreliggande projekt avser att uppdatera kunskaperna om mörkertalet i rappor-teringen av viltolyckor på väg och belysa andra bortfall i statistiken. Målsätt-ningen är att ta fram ett uppdaterat underlag (Uppräkningsfaktorer) för använd-ning i effektberäkningar vid väganalyser samt undersöka kvarstående utred-ningsbehov och eventuella förbättringsmöjligheter som kan leda till en bättre uppskattning av konflikten mellan vilt och vägtrafik. Projektet omfattar tre delstudier: enkätundersökning med bilförare, analys av viltrelaterade personskadeolyckor i STRADA (d.v.s. Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) samt en jämförande analys av olycksrapporter från polisens och eftersöksjägarnas inrapportering i viltolycksstatistiken tillgänglig hos NVR (Nationella Viltolycksrådet). En enkätstudie via internet (på domänen www.viltochtrafik.se) genomfördes för att undersöka storleken på mörkertalet i rapportering av viltolyckor från bilfö-rare till polis. Enkäten var tillgänglig för allmänheten online under perioden 2013-10-31 till 2014-12-31 och besvarades av 3981 respondenter. Vi ställde frå-gor kring kunskaper om och erfarenheter med viltolyckor och bad om mer detal-jerade uppgifter om den incidenten som inträffade för respondenterna efter 2004. Mer än hälften av alla respondenter (65 %) har varit med om en klövvilt-olycka någon gång och runt 20 % av dessa angav att olyckan troligen aldrig rap-porterats till polisens kännedom. Drygt 45 % av respondenterna angav att de va-rit med om viltolyckor efter år 2004 och mörkertalet uppskattades till mellan 9 % och 19 %. Vi rekommenderar att det schablonmässiga mörkertalet för klövvilt (oavsett art) bör vara 15 % (±5 %). Våra resultat visar att mörkertalet i rapporte-ringen från bilist till polisen har närmare halverats sedan 1970-talet. Efter att en olycka anmälts till polisen finns risk för ytterligare bortfall i statisti-ken. Inkommande polisanmälningar överförs manuellt till olika databaser, bero-ende på hur händelsen klassificeras. Olyckor där viltet inte utgjorde den omedel-bara orsaken till skadan klassas inte som viltolycka och återfinns då inte i den officiella polisiära statistiken på viltolyckor. Detta bortfall är ej kvantifierad men uppskattas ligga på kanske 5 % eller högre. Trafikolyckor med personskador (ca 1,6 % av alla viltolyckor) rapporteras vidare till databasen STRADA. Vår analys visade att i genomsnitt 37 % av alla viltrelate-rade personskadeolyckor under 2003–2012 inte var klassade som en viltolycka och därmed förmodligen inte heller fanns listat som viltolycka i Polisens T-RAR (trafikregister). När en olycka med vilt anmäls kontaktas i regel en kontaktperson kontaktperso-ner för att vid behov ta hand om det skadade djuret. Vid jägarens platsbesök skrivs en viltolycksrapport med detaljerade uppgifter om plats, tid och djurart. Inte alla rapporter (84 %) innehåller dock fullständiga och korrekta uppgifter som kan användas vid rumsliga analyser av olyckor. Det verkar även finnas en skevhet i viltolycksstatistiken med ca 12 % färre eftersök längs enskilda och kommunala vägar än förväntad. Tekniska problem i Polisens datasystem under 2012–2015 medförde dessutom att ett okänt antal anmälda viltolyckor inte registrerades i trafikregistren (T-rar, pust, k-rar). Det ledde till att det i vissa regioner och under vissa år finns fler viltolycksrapporter än polisrapporter. Vi uppskattar att detta bortfall kan ligga på minst 11 % i genomsnitt, under antagandet att rapporter från eftersöksjä-garna utfärdats för runt 90 % av alla polisregistrerade fall. Förenklat uttryckt står alltså den polisiära statistiken på viltolyckor under 2010 – 2015 för runt två-tredje delar av de verkligt inträffade olyckorna, medan efter-söksstatistiken i rumsliga analyser representerar ungefär hälften. Denna enkla tumregel bör dock användas försiktigt eftersom det finns tydliga avvikelser i mörkertalen mellan viltarterna, länen och åren. De olika bortfallen i statistiken har därmed en påtaglig effekt på den totala upp-skattningen av olyckstal. Vissa av orsakerna för bortfallen kan dock lätt åtgärdas eftersom de beror till stor del på brister i rutiner för registrering och data-bashantering. Vi rekommenderar därför en systematisk kontroll av databaserna och förbättrade kontrollmekanismer vid registrering och klassificering av an-mälda fall. Vi rekommenderar också att databaserna i STRADA, trafikregistret och eftersöksstatistiken länkas via ett gemensamt händelse-ID. Detta kan un-derlätta mycket vid framtida bortfallsanalyser. Vi föreslår även detaljstudier av hur olyckorna registreras och tolkas för att bättre kunna förebygga framtida bortfall. Hidden statistics in wildlife-vehicle collision data – results from a drivers’ questionnaire and database analyses Among the most common causes of road accidents in Sweden are collisions with wild animals, especially ungulates. Over 50,000 ungulate accidents per year have been reported during the past 5 years and the numbers are steadily in-creasing since the 1970-ies. Despite regular campaigns, extensive investment in wildlife fencing and other preventive measures, and in contrast to declining game bag in moose and roe deer, accident statistics increase faster than what can be expected from increased traffic alone. It is obvious that wildlife-vehicle accidents in Sweden are not under control. Major contributing factors are defi-ciencies in data and uncertainty in statistics. It is well known that not all accidents are reported or show up in the official statistics, but the correction factor still used by the Swedish Transport Administration is based on over 35 years old data when traffic and wildlife conditions had been different. A better knowledge of where and when and how frequent wildlife-vehicle collisions occur is needed to more effectively plan and target mitigation actions. This project provides updated estimates of the hidden statistics in wildlife-vehi-cle collision data and identifies uncertainties and problems in current statistics. This was done by: i. a survey with car drivers, ii. an analysis of wildlife-related accident statistics on human injuries in the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Ac-quisition (STRADA), and iii. a comparative analysis of accident report statistics from the police and from hunters provided by the National Council on Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions (Nationella Viltolycksrådet). To estimate how often drivers do report and refrain from reporting wildlife-ve-hicle accidents to the police, we conducted a publicly available online-survey during Nov. 2013 to Dec. 2014 that was answered by 3981 respondents. We asked the respondents about their knowledge of and experience with wildlife-ve-hicle accidents and requested details on the most recent incident they experi-enced after 2004. More than half of all respondents (65%) reported to have been involved in wildlife-vehicle collisions at any time and around 20 % of these indi-cated that the accident was never reported to the police. About 45% of the re-spondents declared that they experienced traffic accidents with wildlife after 2004, and the proportion of non-reported incidents was estimated to between 9% (public respondents) and 19 % (control groups). We recommend therefore assuming that about 15% (± 5%) of the incidents will not be known by the police. Compared to studies from the late 1970-ies, these hidden statistics appear hence much smaller today. After that an incident has been reported to the police, however, there are further important sources of data loss. Depending on how the incident has been classified in the report, the records are manually transferred to secondary databases such as the traffic accident register (T-RAR). Incidents where wildlife was not the immediate cause of the accident may not be classified as wildlife-vehicle collision and thus not be found in the of-ficial police statistics. This loss has not been quantified but is estimated to be around 2%. Traffic accidents with human injuries (about 1.6% of all wildlife accidents) are reported to the database STRADA. Our analysis showed that on average 37% of all game-related injury accidents during 2003- 2012 was not classified as a wild-life accident and therefore probably neither was listed as such in the official police statistics. In most cases (74%) when an accident with wildlife is reported to the police, they notify a contracted hunter to take care of the injured animal. The hunter in turn issues a report with detailed information on the location, time and animal species. Not all of the reports (84%), however, contain complete and accurate in-formation that can be used for spatial analyses of accidents. In addition, hunt-ers’ reports seem to be biased towards larger roads and underestimate the num-ber of accidents on private and tertiary roads by about 12%. Technical problems in the police data system during 2012-2015 resulted in the loss of an unknown number of reported wildlife-vehicle accidents. This is why in some regions and in some years, more hunter reports were issued than police records exist. We estimate that this loss may accede 11% on average. In simplified terms, police statistics on wildlife-vehicle accidents during 2010 - 2015 may stand for about two-thirds of the truly occurred accidents, while hunter reports that are used in spatial analyses represent about half of the true accident frequency. However, this rule of thumb should be used cautiously as there are substantial differences in the hidden and lost statistics between the years, counties and species. Thus, the various shortfalls in these statistics have a significant impact on the overall estimate of wildlife-vehicle collision numbers. Depending on the data sources and on how statistics are used, different biases and data losses must be considered. Some of the causes can be easily overcome as they relate to deficien-cies in registration routines and database management. We therefore recom-mend a systematic check of the databases and improved control during registra-tion and classification of reported cases. We advocate that the different inde-pendent databases are linked through a common event ID. We also suggest de-tailed studies of how accidents are recorded and interpreted in order to better prevent future data loss. Preliminär rapport, version 2017-05-31. Trafikverkets publikat-ionsnummer 2016:055
- Published
- 2017
32. Costs of traffic accidents with ungulates in Sweden
- Author
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Gren, Ing-Marie and Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Sweden ,Vilt- och fiskeförvaltning ,Fish and Wildlife Management ,costs ,ungulates ,econometrics ,traffic accidents - Abstract
Traffic accidents with ungulates pose a serious problem in many countries, and there is a need for predicting accidents and costs at a large scale for an efficient management of the accidents. Based on the assumption that traffic accidents are determined by traffic volume and ungulate population sizes, this study provides a relatively simple method for calculating and predicting costs of current and future traffic accidents with roe deer, wild boar, and moose in Sweden. A logistic population model is assumed for all ungulates, and econometric methods are used for predicting vehicle accidents with panel data on traffic accidents, traffic load, bags, hunting licenses, and landscape characteristics for each county and year during 2003-2015. The calculated total discounted cost of traffic accidents over a period of 15 years is relatively stable around 1300 million SEK per year in present value (which corresponds to 0.03% of gross domestic product in 2015), but the allocation of costs among ungulates differs. Costs of vehicle accidents with moose account for the largest share of the cost (44%), but accidents with wild boar show the most rapid increase over a 15 year period because of the estimated relatively high intrinsic growth rate and the recent establishment of this animal in several counties. The predicted costs are, however, sensitive to the assumption of future hunting pressure and traffic volume.
- Published
- 2017
33. Impacts of seven years of experimental warming and nutrient addition on neighbourhood species interactions and community structure in two contrasting alpine plant communities
- Author
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Baruah, Gaurav, primary, Molau, Ulf, additional, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, and Alatalo, Juha M., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon, nitrogen, moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities
- Author
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Alatalo, Juha M., primary, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Juhanson, Jaanis, additional, Michelsen, Anders, additional, and Ľuptáčik, Peter, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Community and species-specific responses to simulated global change in two subarctic-alpine plant communities
- Author
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Little, Chelsea J., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Molau, Ulf, and Alatalo, Juha M.
- Subjects
Sweden ,Ekologi ,warming ,Ecology ,Subalpine tundra ,Calamagrostis lapponica ,Carex bigelowii ,Global change ,Heath ,Latnjajaure, Sweden ,Meadow ,Nutrient addition ,Plant community composition ,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ,Warming ,food and beverages ,plant community composition ,Latnjajaure ,nutrient addition ,heath ,meadow ,subalpine tundra ,global change - Abstract
Long‐term observational studies have detected greening and shrub encroachment in the subarctic attributed to current climate change, while global change simulations have showed that community composition and productivity may shift drastically in arctic, subarctic, and alpine tundra plant communities in the future. However, responses to global change can be highly species‐ and context‐dependent. We examined community‐level and species‐specific responses to a six‐year factorial temperature and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) amendment experiment in two alpine plant communities in northern Sweden: a species‐poor dwarf shrub heath, and a more species‐rich meadow. We hypothesized that abundance responses to global change would be variable within commonly defined vascular plant functional groups (e.g., forbs, evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs) and that new species would appear in experimental plots over time due to the ameliorated growing conditions. We found that within most functional groups, species were highly individualistic with respect to the global change simulation, particularly within the forbs, whereas within the shrubs, responses were neutral to negative and widely variable in magnitude. In the heath community the response of the graminoid functional group was driven almost entirely by the grass Calamagrostis lapponica, which increased in abundance by an order of magnitude in the combined temperature and nutrient treatment. Furthermore, community context was important for species' responses to the simulations. Abundance of the pan‐arctic species Carex bigelowii and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea responded primarily to the temperature treatment in the meadow community whereas the nutrient treatment had stronger effects in the heath community. Over six growing seasons, more new species appeared in the experimental plots than in control plots in the meadow community, whereas in the heath community only one new species appeared. Our results from two closely situated but different plant communities show that functional groups do not predict individual species responses to simulated global change, and that these responses depend to a large extent on pre‐existing physical conditions as well as biotic interactions such as competition and facilitation. It may be difficult to apply general trends of global change responses to specific local communities., Ecosphere, 6 (11), ISSN:2150-8925
- Published
- 2015
36. Evaluation of transport interventions in developing countries
- Author
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Robertson, Kerstin, Jägerbrand, Annika K., and Tschan, Georg
- Subjects
Evaluation (assessment) ,Impact study (environment) ,United Nations ,Public Administration Studies ,Studier av offentlig förvaltning ,Methodology ,Environment protection ,Developing countries ,Policy ,Carbon dioxide ,Emission control ,Passenger transport ,Fuel consumption ,Freight transport - Abstract
International climate policy and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with the Kyoto Protocol include different mechanisms or programmes for actions in developing countries aimed at reducing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). To verify compliance, the effects of such actions, including transport measures, need to be measured, reported and verified (MRV). However, in relation to other sectors very few transport-related projects have been initiated. Potential problems and ambiguities related to the current evaluation methodology were therefore investigated as a possible explanation for the low interest in investments in the transport sector. Other objectives of this study were to analyse the requirements for development and improvement of methods for evaluating the effects of transport policies and measures on emissions of greenhouse gases in developing countries. The analyses includes a review of different climate mechanisms, for example applied within the UNFCCC, evaluation requirements and methodologies used, the general availability of methods for evaluation of traffic and transportation, evaluation data availability, and institutional conditions in developing countries. The main conclusions are that measuring traffic and transportation is generally a complex and demanding process, and the potential for misinterpretation of results is significant. In addition, there is a significant risk of rebound effects, especially for transport projects in developing countries aiming at modal shift. Furthermore, it seems that very short time frames are applied for evaluation of project-based mechanisms in the transport sector. Other challenges relate to institutional roles and responsibilities, the availability of personal and financial resources, and the knowledge and perspectives applied. Based on these limitations regarding transport project evaluations, further development of transport-related climate mechanisms towards a more sectoral and transformational perspective is suggested. Den internationella klimatpolitiken och Klimatkonventionen (UNFCCC) med Kyotoprotokollet omfattar olika mekanismer eller program för åtgärder i utvecklingsländer som syftar till att minska utsläppen av koldioxid (CO2). För att kontrollera efterlevnaden behöver effekterna av sådana åtgärder, till exempel transportåtgärder, mätas, rapporteras och verifieras (MRV). I förhållande till andra sektorer har dock ett mycket litet antal transportprojekt genomförts hittills. Därför har tänkbara problem och oklarheter i samband med de tillämpade metoderna för utvärdering undersökts som en möjlig förklaring till det låga intresset för investeringar inom transportsektorn. Syftet med denna studie var att analysera eventuella behov av utveckling och förbättring av dessa metoder för utvärdering av effekterna av åtgärder inom transportsektorn på utsläpp av växthusgaser i utvecklingsländer. Analyserna inkluderar översikter över: olika klimatmekanismer, tillämpade krav och metoder för utvärdering av transportåtgärder och möjligheter och metoder för utvärdering av trafik och transporter generellt samt utvärdering av tillgång till data och institutionella förhållanden i utvecklingsländer. De viktigaste slutsatserna från denna studie är: att mäta trafik och transporter är generellt sett en komplicerad och krävande process och risken för feltolkning av resultat är betydande. Det finns därför en betydande risk för rekyleffekter, särskilt för transportprojekt i utvecklingsländer som syftar till förändrade färdmedelsval. Dessutom verkar en alltför kort tidsram tillämpas för utvärderingar av projektbaserade mekanismer inom transportsektorn. Andra utmaningar berör institutionella roller och ansvarsområden, tillgång till personal och ekonomiska resurser, samt den kunskap och de perspektiv som tillämpas. Baserat på dessa begränsningar av möjligheterna att utvärdera transportrelaterade projekt föreslås en vidareutveckling av dessa klimatmekanismer mot ett mer sektoriellt och transformerande perspektiv.
- Published
- 2015
37. LED och ekologiska effekter
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Luminance ,Ecology ,LED ,Biologiska vetenskaper ,Biological Sciences ,Lighting - Abstract
LED har olika typer av ekologisk påverkan och kan i vissa fall leda till större effekter än traditionellt använd belysning. Samtidigt har LED potential att kunna utvecklas till en ekologisk neutral belysning. Det finns en rad olika saker man kan tänka på vid inköp av LED-lampor för att minimera ekologisk påverkan, såsom låg effektnivå, använda dimringsteknik, undvika oönskad ljusspridning och att försöka undvika lampor som har höga nivåer av våglängder under 500 nm.
- Published
- 2015
38. Consequences of Increases in Wild Boar-Vehicle Accidents 2003-2016 in Sweden on Personal Injuries and Costs.
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K. and Gren, Ing-Marie
- Subjects
WILD boar ,ANIMAL accidents ,TRAFFIC safety & wildlife ,PERSONAL injuries (Law) ,TRAFFIC accidents - Abstract
This study examined whether the rising trends of wild boar (Sus scrofa)-vehicle accidents in Sweden are accompanied by a higher amount of personal injuries and costs. Temporal trends in accident frequencies and the number of persons injured in wild boar-vehicle accidents were examined for 2003-2016, and the cost of wild boar-vehicle accidents was calculated. Results show increases in the number of personal injuries, and increased costs, particularly after 2010-2012. The total number of wild boar accidents correlated with the number of injured persons as well as with the number of accidents with personal injuries. Approximately one person (1.13%) is injured per 100 wild boar-vehicle accidents, and approximately one accident per 200 wild boar-vehicle accidents will result in one or more persons with injuries (0.5%). However, most of the persons injured have slighter injuries. Although the number of wild boar-vehicle accidents and the number of persons injured in the accidents have increased, the frequency of accidents resulting in personal injuries is still at low levels in comparison with, for example, frequencies of personal injuries for moose accidents. The cost for wild boar-vehicle accidents has increased between 2003 to 2016 and is currently estimated to vary between approximately EUR 9.66-12.31 million per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Rebound effects of energy efficiency measures in the transport sector in Sweden
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., Dickinson, Joanna, Mellin, Anna, Viklund, Mattias, and Dahlberg, Staffan
- Subjects
Energy consumption ,Emission ,Evaluation (assessment) ,Policy ,Emission control ,Carbon dioxide ,Fuel consumption ,Tax ,Method ,Mobility management ,Environmental Analysis and Construction Information Technology ,Miljöanalys och bygginformationsteknik - Abstract
Rebound effects represent the difference between anticipated or projected energy savings and the real energy saving in relation to, for example, implemented policy measures aimed at improving energy efficiency. Rebound effects in the transport sector may counteract policy measures so that goals related to energy or emissions are not achieved, or achievement is greatly delayed. This comprehensive report examines the presence of rebound effects within the transport sector and while the aim was to provide a full review of the issue, for some transport areas it was not possible to find any studies on rebound effects. Those areas are identified as having knowledge gaps. We summarize the literature for rebound effects for passenger vehicles, technological developments, freight transports, public lighting, aviation, waterborne transports and for indirect, economy-wide effects, and also discuss rebound effects in aspects of environmental awareness and in the transport and community planning. The existing literature suggests that rebound effects exist to varying degrees and that there is a high risk of energy efficiency measures transferring transport energy savings into other transport modes, sectors or energy services. Consequently, rebound effects should be included when calculating whether Sweden will reach its climate and energy goals. Rekyleffekter är skillnaden mellan den förväntade eller beräknade energibesparingen och den verkliga energibesparingen för olika typer av åtgärder. Om detta inte tas med i beräkningar kan rekyleffekter motverka politiska åtgärder så att mål relaterade till energi och utsläpp inte uppnås eller blir försenade. Målet med denna rapport är att göra en litteraturöversikt och att identifiera kunskapsluckor. Följande områden tas upp: fordon och bränslen, persontransporter, vägtransporter, luftfart, godstransporter, sjöfart, teknisk utveckling och utomhusbelysning. Direkta, indirekta och ekonomiövergripande rekyleffekter tas upp och även exempel på rekyleffekter i transportplaneringen. Rekyleffekter är också diskuterade ur aspekter av miljömedvetande och hur de hanteras i transport- och samhällsplaneringen. Vi har också identifierat områden som saknar väsentlig information om rekyleffekter. Sammanfattningsvis så tyder våra resultat på att rekyleffekter förekommer i olika storlekar och att det finns stor risk att energieffektiviseringsåtgärder inom transportsektorn överför energibesparingarna till andra typer av transportslag, sektorer eller energitjänster vilket kan resultera i förlorade eller inga energibesparingar eller ännu värre, en ökad energikonsumtion. Därför bör rekyleffekter beräknas för att Sverige skall nå sina klimat- och energimål. Detta gäller speciellt inom transportsektorn där rekyleffekterna antas vara särskilt stora inom vissa transportslag och över tiden.
- Published
- 2014
40. Costs of traffic accidents with wild boar populations in Sweden
- Author
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Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, Gren, Ing-Marie, Andersson, Hans, Jansson, Gunnar, and Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Sweden ,Vilt- och fiskeförvaltning ,Fish and Wildlife Management ,Economics ,costs ,land scape characteristics ,wild boar ,econometrics ,traffic accidents - Abstract
Traffic accidents with wild boar have increased rapidly over the last years in Sweden. This paper calculates and predicts costs of current and future accidents, totally and for different Swedish counties, based on estimates of wild boar populations. A logistic population model is assumed, and econometric methods are used for calculating populations with panel data on traffic accidents, traffic load, and landscape characteristics for each county. The results show an average growth rate of 0.48, which varies between 0.39 and 0.52for different counties. This, together with predictions on changes in traffic load, forms the basis for calculations of costs of traffic accidents for a 10 year period. In total, the predicted costs can increase from 60 million SEK in 2011 to 135 or 340 million SEK in 2021 in present value depending on hunting pressure. The variation in cost increases is, however, large among counties, increasing by tenfold in Stockholm and Södermanland where the wild boar populations are relatively small and by approximately 50% in counties with mature populations.
- Published
- 2014
41. Energiutvinning ur vägar och vägmiljöer : en kunskapsöversikt
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K. and Hellman, Fredrik
- Subjects
Carriageway ,Energy ,Roadside ,Production ,Method ,Energy Engineering ,Generator ,Wind ,Photovoltaics ,Energiteknik ,Road ,Solar energy ,Technique ,Alternative energy - Abstract
Rapportens syfte är att kartlägga nya energitekniker för energiutvinning och möjligheten att använda dem i väg- och vägmiljöområden. Kartläggningen fokuserar på material och metoder som kan komma att användas under svenska (kalla) förhållanden. Rapporten kan vara användbar för planering av ny infrastruktur då man vill använda sig av förnyelsebar energi under nordiska kalla förhållanden och man vill minska miljöbelastningen. Den kan också utgöra stöd för prioriteringen av Trafikverkets framtida forskningsprojekt. Med dagens tekniska förutsättningar kan följande tekniker vara aktuella: Solceller i till exempel bullerskydd, solceller i väg, geotermisk energi, piezoelektrisk teknik, vindenergi och bioenergi. Det finns dock många faktorer som håller tillbaka utvecklingen av nya innovativa system för energiutvinning. Några viktiga orsaker är exempelvis att underhållskostnaderna kan öka eller att underhållet av vägen försvåras. The report aims to identify new technologies for energy harvesting and the ability to use them in the road and the surrounding road area. The survey focuses on the materials and methods that may be used in the Swedish (cold) climate. The report can be useful for planning of new infrastructure when you want to make use of renewable energy and wants to reduce the environmental impact. Considering today’s technological conditions, the following techniques may be relevant: photovoltaics, geothermal energy, piezoelectric technology, wind energy or bioenergy. There are, however, many factors holding back the development of new innovative systems for energy production in roads and their environment. Some important factors are for example that maintenance costs will increase or that the maintenance of the road will become more difficult.
- Published
- 2014
42. Trafiksäkerhets- och trygghetsaspekter i samspelet mellan gatumiljöns utformning och en mer energieffektiv belysning
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Measurement ,Infrastrukturteknik ,LED ,Cycling ,Light emitting diode ,Mercury ,Speed ,Infrastructure Engineering ,Energy consumption ,Cyclist ,Luminance ,Lighting (street) ,Visibility ,Behaviour ,Perception ,Halide - Abstract
Projektets syfte var att studera trafiksäkerhetsaspekter i ny belysning och deras samspel med gatumiljön för oskyddade trafikanter. Projektet undersökte således belysningsförutsättningar, påverkan på cyklister, samspelet mellan belysning, trafiksäkerhet, gatumiljö och/eller andra effekter såsom trygghet, gällande tre olika ljuskällor och typer av belysning (kvicksilver 125W, keramisk metallhalogen 70W samt LED 25W) belägna i ungefär samma typ av gatumiljö på en gång- och cykelväg på Kungsholms strand i Stockholm. Resultaten visar att energiåtgången för LED är 28 % av traditionell kvicksilverbelysning och 49 % av keramisk metallhalogenbelysning. Denna studie visar att det är möjligt att få tillräckliga jämnhetsnivåer med LED-belysning men att detta är beroende av armaturens utformning, design och antalet stolpar per meter väg (i detta fall 15,3 m stolpavstånd). I denna undersökning påvisades inga skillnader i cykelhastighet för LED-belysning mellan dagsljus och mörker eller mellan olika typer av belysning. Analyser av trygghetsaspekter fungerade bra att göra baserat på enkla uppskattningar av hur bra belysningen fungerar (genom analys av digitala foton) och till exempel upplevelse av synbarhet stämmer mycket bra överens med de uppmätta fysikaliska belysningsmåtten. The project's aim was to study the traffic safety aspects of new lights and the interaction with the street environment for pedestrians and cyclists. This project investigated the lighting conditions, effects on cyclists, and the interactions between lighting, traffic safety, street environmental conditions and/or other effects such as perceptions of safety for three different light sources (mercury vapour 125W, ceramic metal halide 70W and LED 25W) located in about the same type of street environment on a pedestrian and bicycle path on Kungsholms strand in Stockholm. Results show that the energy consumption of the LED lighting is 28% of the traditional mercury vapour lighting and 49% of ceramic metal halide lighting. This study shows that it is possible to obtain sufficient uniformity levels with LED lighting but that the levels are dependent on the luminaire design, pole design and the number of poles per meter road (in this study the pole spacing was 15.3 m). This study demonstrated no difference in cycle speed for LED lighting between daylight and darkness, or between different types of lighting. It worked well to perform analysis of perception of safety aspects based on simple estimates (through analysis of digital photographs). For example, perceptions of visibility corresponds very well with the measured uniformity.
- Published
- 2014
43. Kollisioner och olyckor med rådjur i Sverige under 10 år (2003–2012) : variation i tid, geografi och kostnader
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Vilt- och fiskeförvaltning ,Collision ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Fish and Wildlife Management ,Animal ,Cost ,Statistics ,Accident rate ,Injury ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology - Abstract
Målen med detta projekt var att skapa en 10-årig översikt över antalet rådjurskollisioner i Sverige och olyckornas variation i tid, geografi och kostnader, både avseende egendomsskador och personskadeolyckor. Olycksstatistik från NVR, Nationella viltolycksrådet (kollisioner), Strada (personskadeolyckor i Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) och Ofelia (system för järnväg) har använts. Resultaten visar att antalet rådjurskollisioner ökat under 10-årsperioden. Totalt antal rådjursolyckor som blivit inrapporterade under åren 2003–2012 är 306 267 (egendomsskador och personskadeolyckor) medan antalet omkomna och skadade personer i dessa olyckor är 2 752. Ökningen i antalet rådjurskollisioner har varit betydligt större i de nordligaste länen och Gotland. Antalet rådjurskollisioner är betydligt fler under försommaren (maj–juni) och tidigt på vintern (oktober–december), medan antalet personskadeolyckor med rådjur är högst under sommaren. Antalet rådjurskollisioner varierar under dygnet men flest kollisioner och olyckor sker under morgon och kväll för både egendomsskador och personskadeolyckor. För antalet omkomna i olyckor med rådjur inblandade är antalet dubbelt så stort än de officiellt rapporterade antalen, medan antalet svårt skadade är minst 177 % högre än de officiella siffrorna. Det är troligt att den officiella statistiken även underskattar antalet dödade och skadade från övriga viltslag såsom älg, hjort och vildsvin. Denna studie visar att totala kostnaderna för rådjurskollisioner och rådjursolyckor 2012 överstiger 1 miljard kronor varav cirka 70 % är kostnader för egendomsskador. The goal for this project was to create a 10-year overview of the number of deer collisions in Sweden and accidents variation in time, geography and cost, both in terms of property damage and personal injuries. Accident statistics were gathered from NVR (National Wildlife Accident Council, data on collisions), Strada (fatalities and injuries in Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) and Ofelia (collisions at railway). The results show that the number of deer collisions has increased over the 10-year period and that the increase has been much greater in the northernmost counties and Gotland. The number of deer collisions is higher during the early summer (May–June) and winter (October–December), whereas the number of fatalities and injury accidents is highest during the summer. The number of deer collisions varies during the day, but most accidents occur in the morning and evening for both property damage and personal injury accidents. For fatalities in accidents with roe deer, there are more than twice as many compared to the officially reported numbers, and the number of serious injuries is 177% higher than the official records. It is likely that the official statistics are also underestimating the number of fatalities and injuries from wildlife accidents caused by moose, deer and wild boar. This study shows that the total cost of roe deer collisions and accidents in 2012 exceeds 1 billion SEK, of which approximately 70% account for the cost of property damage.
- Published
- 2014
44. Ny vägbelysning : hur väljer man & hur miljövänlig är den?
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Subjects
Teknik och teknologier ,Lighting (street) ,Engineering and Technology ,Energy conservation ,Selection - Published
- 2014
45. Effects of weather conditions, light conditions, and road lighting on vehicle speed
- Author
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Jägerbrand, Annika K., primary and Sjöbergh, Jonas, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Impacts of different climate change regimes and extreme climatic events on an alpine meadow community
- Author
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Alatalo, Juha M., primary, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, and Molau, Ulf, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Förlusten av mörker.
- Author
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Helldin, J-O. and Jägerbrand, Annika K.
- Published
- 2020
48. Collembola at three alpine subarctic sites resistant to twenty years of experimental warming
- Author
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Alatalo, Juha M., primary, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, and Čuchta, Peter, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Testing reliability of short-term responses to predict longer-term responses of bryophytes and lichens to environmental change
- Author
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Alatalo, Juha M., primary, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, and Molau, Ulf, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Biomechanical properties of the terrestrial mosses Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. and Pogonatum japonicum Sull. and Lesq. along altitudinal gradients in northern Japan
- Author
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During, Heinjo J., primary, Verduyn, Betty, additional, and Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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