Search

Your search keyword '"J.C. Mason"' showing total 13 results
Start Over Author "J.C. Mason" Search Limiters Full Text
13 results on '"J.C. Mason"'

1. Multiplicity in the experience of voice-hearing: A phenomenological inquiry

Author

Chris R. Brewin, Kirsty Phillips, John Morton, Ava J.C. Mason, Rob Saunders, and Eleanor Longden

Subjects
Male, Psychiatry and Mental health, Hearing, Humans, Biological Psychiatry, Aged
Abstract

Although it is recognized that voice-hearers often report a large number and variety of voices there have been few investigations of this multiplicity. Understanding the phenomenology of voice-hearing can provide a firm foundation for theorizing about its causes. In this international online survey of voice-hearers, details were elicited of the content of up to five utterances associated with up to five voices from each respondent. The contents were independently rated and associated with characteristics of each voice such as its perceived age, whether it had changed over time, and whether it was of a familiar person. We investigated predictors (e.g., diagnoses, voice gender, age first heard) of utterance negativity, length, and whether voices referred to themselves. The average number of voices reported was approximately four. The majority were perceived as male and had negative content. Child-aged voices were significantly less negative than all other voices except those perceived as being elderly. Multi-level analyses indicated that there was significant variability at the level of different utterances within voices but variability was more prominent at the level of different voices within an individual. The data were inconsistent with general cognitive models for hearing voices such as the misattribution of inner speech and were more congruent with a dissociation model of voice-hearing. Our findings support approaches based on subtype or dimensional methods of classifying voices, and additionally indicate that research and clinical assessment may benefit from more systematic assessment of multiplicity.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Effect of NaCl and SO2 on the stress corrosion cracking of CMSX-4 at 550°C

Author

F. Duarte Martinez, A. Syed, K. Dawson, G. J. Tatlock, N.I. Morar, M. Kothari, C. Tang, J. Leggett, J.C. Mason-Flucke, G. Gibson, J.R. Nicholls, S. Gray, and G.M. Castelluccio

Subjects
cmsx-4, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, c-ring, hot corrosion, Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Ceramics and Composites, Condensed Matter Physics, factsage 8.1
Abstract

In the pursuit of more efficient gas turbine engines, components are required to operate for longer times at elevated temperatures. This increased time in service, together with a complex loading regime, can expose the material to environmental attack. This work has demonstrated that the interaction of stress, NaCl and a sulphur-containing environment is critical to cause crack initiation in the early stages of the exposure and accelerated corrosion rates in CMSX-4 at 550°C. The effect of having small concentrations of moisture in the gaseous environment or as water crystallisation in the salt is still to be investigated. A working hypothesis is that the interaction of alkali chlorides with a sulphur-containing atmosphere is the trigger to a self-sustaining cycle where metal chloride formation, vaporisation and oxidation lead to high amounts of hydrogen injection in a rapid manner and, therefore, hydrogen embrittlement.

Published
2023

3. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: Methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Author

James, S.L. Castle, C.D. Dingels, Z.V. Fox, J.T. Hamilton, E.B. Liu, Z. Roberts, N.L.S. Sylte, D.O. Bertolacci, G.J. Cunningham, M. Henry, N.J. Legrand, K.E. Abdelalim, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulkader, R.S. Abedi, A. Abegaz, K.H. Abosetugn, A.E. Abushouk, A.I. Adebayo, O.M. Adsuar, J.C. Advani, S.M. Agudelo-Botero, M. Ahmad, T. Ahmed, M.B. Ahmed, R. Aichour, M.T.E. Alahdab, F. Alanezi, F.M. Alema, N.M. Alemu, B.W. Alghnam, S.A. Ali, B.A. Ali, S. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Almasri, N.A. Altirkawi, K. Amer, Y.S.A. Andrei, C.L. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Antonio, C.A.T. Anvari, D. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arabloo, J. Arab-Zozani, M. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Ariani, F. Arora, A. Asaad, M. Quintanilla, B.P.A. Ayano, G. Ayanore, M.A. Azarian, G. Badawi, A. Badiye, A.D. Baig, A.A. Bairwa, M. Bakhtiari, A. Balachandran, A. Banach, M. Banerjee, S.K. Banik, P.C. Banstola, A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Barzegar, A. Bayati, M. Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Bedi, N. Behzadifar, M. Belete, H. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Berhe, K. Bhagavathula, A.S. Bhardwaj, P. Bhat, A.G. Bhattacharyya, K. Bhutta, Z.A. Bibi, S. Bijani, A. Boloor, A. Borges, G. Borschmann, R. Borzì, A.M. Boufous, S. Braithwaite, D. Briko, N.I. Brugha, T. Budhathoki, S.S. Car, J. Cárdenas, R. Carvalho, F. Castaldelli-Maia, J.M. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Castelpietra, G. Catalá-López, F. Cerin, E. Chandan, J.S. Chapman, J.R. Chattu, V.K. Chattu, S.K. Chatziralli, I. Chaudhary, N. Cho, D.Y. Choi, J.-Y.J. Chowdhury, M.A.K. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Cicuttini, F.M. Coelho, J.M. Costa, V.M. Dahlawi, S.M.A. Daryani, A. Dávila-Cervantes, C.A. De Leo, D. Demeke, F.M. Demoz, G.T. Demsie, D.G. Deribe, K. Desai, R. Nasab, M.D. Da Silva, D.D. Forooshani, Z.S.D. Do, H.T. Doyle, K.E. Driscoll, T.R. Dubljanin, E. Adema, B.D. Eagan, A.W. Elemineh, D.A. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Ellingsen, C.L. El Sayedzaki, M. Eskandarieh, S. Eyawo, O. Faris, P.S. Faro, A. Farzadfar, F. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Ferrara, P. Fischer, F. Folayan, M.O. Fomenkov, A.A. Foroutan, M. Francis, J.M. Franklin, R.C. Fukumoto, T. Geberemariyam, B.S. Gebremariam, H. Gebremedhin, K.B. Gebremeskel, L.G. Gebremeskel, G.G. Gebremichael, B. Gedefaw, G.A. Geta, B. Getenet, A.B. Ghafourifard, M. Ghamari, F. Gheshlagh, R.G. Gholamian, A. Gilani, S.A. Gill, T.K. Goudarzian, A.H. Goulart, A.C. Grada, A. Grivna, M. Guimarães, R.A. Guo, Y. Gupta, G. Haagsma, J.A. Hall, B.J. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Handiso, D.W. Haro, J.M. Hasanzadeh, A. Hassan, S. Hassanipour, S. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Havmoeller, R. Hendrie, D. Heydarpour, F. Híjar, M. Ho, H.C. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Holla, R. Hossain, N. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, S. Hu, G. Ibitoye, S.E. Ilesanmi, O.S. Inbaraj, L.R. Irvani, S.S.N. Islam, M.M. Islam, S.M.S. Ivers, R.Q. Jahani, M.A. Jakovljevic, M. Jalilian, F. Jayaraman, S. Jayatilleke, A.U. Jha, R.P. John-Akinola, Y.O. Jonas, J.B. Jones, K.M. Joseph, N. Joukar, F. Jozwiak, J.J. Jungari, S.B. Jürisson, M. Kabir, A. Kahsay, A. Kalankesh, L.R. Kalhor, R. Kamil, T.A. Kanchan, T. Kapoor, N. Karami, M. Kasaeian, A. Kassaye, H.G. Kavetskyy, T. Kayode, G.A. Keiyoro, P.N. Kelbore, A.G. Khader, Y.S. Khafaie, M.A. Khalid, N. Khalil, I.A. Khalilov, R. Khan, M. Khan, E.A. Khan, J. Khanna, T. Khazaei, S. Khazaie, H. Khundkar, R. Kiirithio, D.N. Kim, Y.-E. Kim, Y.J. Kim, D. Kisa, S. Kisa, A. Komaki, H. Kondlahalli, S.K.M. Koolivand, A. Korshunov, V.A. Koyanagi, A. Kraemer, M.U.G. Krishan, K. Defo, B.K. Bicer, B.K. Kugbey, N. Kumar, N. Kumar, M. Kumar, V. Kumar, N. Kumaresh, G. Lami, F.H. Lansingh, V.C. Lasrado, S. Latifi, A. Lauriola, P. Vecchia, C.L. Leasher, J.L. Lee, S.W.H. Li, S. Liu, X. Lopez, A.D. Lotufo, P.A. Lyons, R.A. Machado, D.B. Madadin, M. Abd El Razek, M.M. Mahotra, N.B. Majdan, M. Majeed, A. Maled, V. Malta, D.C. Manafi, N. Manafi, A. Manda, A.-L. Manjunatha, N. Mansour-Ghanaei, F. Mansournia, M.A. Maravilla, J.C. Mason-Jones, A.J. Masoumi, S.Z. Massenburg, B.B. Maulik, P.K. Mehndiratta, M.M. Melketsedik, Z.A. Memiah, P.T.N. Mendoza, W. Menezes, R.G. Mengesha, M.M. Meretoja, T.J. Meretoja, A. Merie, H.E. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Miller, T.R. Mini, G.K. Mirica, A. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M. Mithra, P. Moazen, B. Moghadaszadeh, M. Mohamadi, E. Mohammad, Y. Darwesh, A.M. Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohammed, S. Mohammed, J.A. Mohebi, F. Bandpei, M.A.M. Molokhia, M. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moradi, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradzadeh, R. Morawska, L. Velásquez, I.M. Morrison, S.D. Mossie, T.B. Muluneh, A.G. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Naderi, M. Nagarajan, A.J. Naik, G. Naimzada, M.D. Najaf, F. Nangia, V. Nascimento, B.R. Naserbakht, M. Nayak, V. Nazari, J. Ndwandwe, D.E. Negoi, I. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, T.H. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, D.N. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nikbakhsh, R. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nnaji, C.A. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oghenetega, O.B. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Bali, A.O. Onwujekwe, O.E. Orpana, H.M. Ota, E. Otstavnov, N. Otstavnov, S.S. Mahesh, A.P. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakshir, K. Panda-Jonas, S. Park, E.-K. Patel, S.K. Pathak, A. Pati, S. Paulos, K. Peden, A.E. Pepito, V.C.F. Pereira, J. Phillips, M.R. Polibin, R.V. Polinder, S. Pourmalek, F. Pourshams, A. Poustchi, H. Prakash, S. Pribadi, D.R.A. Puri, P. Syed, Z.Q. Rabiee, N. Rabiee, M. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafee, A. Rafei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, S. Rahman, M.A. Rajabpour-Sanati, A. Rajati, F. Rakovac, I. Rao, S.J. Rashedi, V. Rastogi, P. Rathi, P. Rawaf, S. Rawal, L. Rawassizadeh, R. Renjith, V. Resnikoff, S. Rezapour, A. Ribeiro, A.I. Rickard, J. González, C.M.R. Roever, L. Ronfani, L. Roshandel, G. Saddik, B. Safarpour, H. Safdarian, M. Sajadi, S.M. Salamati, P. Salem, M.R.R. Salem, H. Salz, I. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Riera, L.S. Milicevic, M.M.S. Sarker, A.R. Sarveazad, A. Sathian, B. Sawhney, M. Sayyah, M. Schwebel, D.C. Seedat, S. Senthilkumaran, S. Seyedmousavi, S. Sha, F. Shaahmadi, F. Shahabi, S. Shaikh, M.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Sheikh, A. Shigematsu, M. Shin, J.I. Shiri, R. Siabani, S. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Singh, J.A. Singh, P.K. Sinha, D.N. Soheili, A. Soriano, J.B. Sorrie, M.B. Soyiri, I.N. Stokes, M.A. Sufiyan, M.B. Sykes, B.L. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Tabb, K.M. Taddele, B.W. Tefera, Y.M. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Tekulu, G.H. Tesema, A.K.T. Tesfay, B.E. Thapar, R. Titova, M.V. Tlaye, K.G. Tohidinik, H.R. Topor-Madry, R. Tran, K.B. Tran, B.X. Tripathy, J.P. Tsai, A.C. Tsatsakis, A. Car, L.T. Ullah, I. Ullah, S. Unnikrishnan, B. Upadhyay, E. Uthman, O.A. Valdez, P.R. Vasankari, T.J. Veisani, Y. Venketasubramanian, N. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Waheed, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Wiangkham, T. Wolde, H.F. Woldeyes, D.H. Wondmeneh, T.G. Wondmieneh, A.B. Wu, A.-M. Wyper, G.M.A. Yadav, R. Yadollahpour, A. Yano, Y. Yaya, S. Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. Ye, P. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Youm, Y. Younis, M.Z. Yousef, Z. Yu, C. Yu, Y. Moghadam, T.Z. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zarei, F. Zhang, Z.-J. Zhang, Y. Ziapour, A. Zodpey, S. Dandona, R. Dharmaratne, S.D. Hay, S.I. Mokdad, A.H. Pigott, D.M. Reiner, R.C. Vos, T.

Abstract

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC B Y. Published by BMJ.

Published
2020

4. Case study: Wind-assisted ship propulsion performance prediction, routing, and economic modelling

Author

P. Desprairies, G. Bordogna, A. Vrijdag, N.J. van der Kolk, and J.C. Mason

Subjects
Great circle, Routing (hydrology), Payback period, Computer science, Limit (music), Performance prediction, Control area, Shipyard, Propulsion, Marine engineering
Abstract

In this paper, a vessel model for the performance of wind-assisted ships is combined with a routing tool to assess the fuel savings available from the installation of both one and two Flettner rotors when travelling along a Great Circle Route path. This is combined with an economic analysis to assess commercial viability for these hybrid concepts. The case study is performed in collaboration with DAMEN shipyards, who have provided a design for a wind-assist concept to sail in the Baltic Sea, that, since January 2015, is an Emission Control Area where a sulphur limit content of 0.1 % is enforced on the ship fuels. Results for this case study are presented in terms of fuel savings and payback period analysis, where the reference case is an identical ship sailing without wind propulsors. For the 5,150 dwt general cargo vessel travelling at a speed of 10 knots, average fuel savings of 2.99% were obtained in the Baltic Sea for the single Flettner scenario, and 6.11% for the double Flettner scenario. A discussion of key engineering and design constraints for these ships is included.

Published
2019

5. Efficient dual-tone multifrequency detection using the nonuniform discrete Fourier transform

Author

Brian L. Evans, J.C. Mason, and M.D. Felder

Subjects
Digital signal processor, business.industry, Computer science, Applied Mathematics, Detector, Spectral density estimation, Multiplexing, Discrete Fourier transform, Time-division multiplexing, Embedded system, Signal Processing, Detection theory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Digital signal processing, Goertzel algorithm, Computer hardware
Abstract

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations for dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) signaling are not met by conventional DTMF detectors. We present an efficient DTMF detection algorithm based on the nonuniform discrete Fourier transform that meets all of the ITU recommendations. The key innovations are the use of two sliding windows and development of sophisticated timing tests. Our algorithm requires no buffering of input samples. To perform DTMF detection on n telephone channels, our algorithm requires approximately n MIPS on a digital signal processor (DSP), 75+30n words of data memory, and 1000 words of program memory. Using the new algorithm, a single fixed-point DSP can perform ITU-compliant DTMF detection on the 24 telephone channels of a T1 time-division multiple multiplexed telecommunications line.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Solution of Integral Equations

Author

J.C. Mason and David C. Handscomb

Subjects
Stratonovich integral, symbols.namesake, Collocation method, Mathematical analysis, symbols, Nyström method, Singular integral, Integral equation, Volterra integral equation, Fourier integral operator, Volume integral, Mathematics
Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Minimal Lp projections by Fourier, Taylor, and Laurent series

Author

J.C Mason and Bruce L. Chalmers

Subjects
Mathematics(all), Numerical Analysis, Pure mathematics, Kernel (set theory), Function space, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Laurent series, Laurent polynomial, Mathematical analysis, Projection (linear algebra), symbols.namesake, Fourier transform, symbols, Computer Science::Symbolic Computation, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

In appropriate function space settings, it is proved that the Fourier, Taylor, and Laurent series projections are minimal in all L p norms (1 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞). This result unifies and extends known results for the Fourier, Taylor, and Laurent projections in L ∞ and for the Fourier projection in L 1 . The proof is based on a generalisation of a kernel summation formula due to Berman.

Published
1984
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Norms of analytic interpolation projections on general domains

Author

J.C Mason and J. G. Clunie

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Pure mathematics, Mathematics(all), Numerical Analysis, General Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Lagrange polynomial, Ellipse, Infimum and supremum, Linear subspace, symbols.namesake, Norm (mathematics), Bounded function, symbols, Finite set, Analysis, Interpolation, Mathematics
Abstract

For any finitely connected open domain D bounded by Jordan curves, it is proved that there exists a function in A(D), the space of functions analytic in D and continuous on D , having a maximum modulus of at most unity and taking given values of modulus at most unity at a finite number of given points on ∂D. Explicit constructions of such functions are given for the special cases of a disc, a domain between two circles, an elliptical ring, and an ellipse with a slit between its foci. It is hence proved that the projection In from A(D) onto the subspace of polynomials of fixed degree n − 1 which interpolate in n given points of ∂D, has a Chebyshev norm equal to the supremum of the sum of the absolute values of the fundamental polynomials in the Lagrange interpolation formula. Similar results are also proved in the special cases of a domain between two circles with centres ζ0, ζ1 and an ellipse with a slit between its foci ±1, when the interpolation subspaces are more appropriately chosen to be, respectively, polynomials of degrees n in (z − ζ1)1 and m − 1 in z − ζ0 and functions of the form An(z)+ √(z2 1) Bn−1(z), where An and Bn − 1 are polynomials of respective degrees n and n − 1.

Published
1984
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Near-best L1 approximations on circular and elliptical contours

Author

J.C Mason

Subjects
Mathematics(all), Numerical Analysis, Polynomial approximations, General Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Binary logarithm, symbols.namesake, Chebyshev series, Norm (mathematics), Taylor series, symbols, Practical implications, Analysis, Mathematics, Analytic function
Abstract

Polynomial approximations are obtained to analytic functions on circular and elliptical contours by forming partial sums of order n of their expansions in Taylor series and Chebyshev series of the second kind, respectively. It is proved that the resulting approximations converge in the L 1 norm as n → ∞, and that they are near-best L 1 approximations within relative distances of the order of log n . Practical implications of the results are discussed, and they are shown to provide a theoretical basis for polynomial approximation methods for the evaluation of indefinite integrals on contours.

Published
1978
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Near-best multivariate approximation by Fourier series, Chebyshev series and Chebyshev interpolation

Author

J.C Mason

Subjects
Equioscillation theorem, Mathematics(all), Numerical Analysis, Chebyshev polynomials, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Chebyshev's sum inequality, Trigonometric polynomial, Chebyshev filter, Applied mathematics, Chebyshev nodes, Chebyshev equation, Fourier series, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

A set of results concerning goodness of approximation and convergence in norm is given for L ∞ and L 1 approximation of multivariate functions on hypercubes. Firstly the trigonometric polynomial formed by taking a partial sum of a multivariate Fourier series and the algebraic polynomials formed either by taking a partial sum of a multivariate Chebyshev series of the first kind or by interpolating at a tensor product of Chebyshev polynomial zeros are all shown to be near-best L ∞ approximations. Secondly the trigonometric and algebraic polynomials formed by taking, respectively, a partial sum of a multivariate Fourier series and a partial sum of a multivariate Chebyshev series of the second kind are both shown to be hear-best L 1 approximations. In all the cases considered, the relative distance of a near-best approximation from a corresponding best approximation is shown to be at most of the order of Πlog n j , where n j ( j = 1, 2,..., N) are the respective degrees of approximation in the N individual variables. Moreover, convergence in the relevant norm is established for all the sequences of near-best approximations under consideration, subject to appropriate restrictions on the function space.

Published
1980
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Best and near-best L1 approximations by Fourier series and Chebyshev series

Author

J.C. Mason and J.H. Freilich

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Chebyshev series, Mathematics(all), Numerical Analysis, General Mathematics, Norm (mathematics), Applied Mathematics, Lacunary function, Fourier series, Analysis, Mathematics, Algebraic polynomial
Abstract

Approximations F n f and H n f to a function f are defined, respectively, as the partial sums of order n of its expansions in Fourier series and Chebyshev series of the second kind, and they are compared, respectively, with the best trigonometric and best algebraic polynomial approximations \ tf B and f B of degree n in ⌋ 1 [0, 2 π ] and L 1 [−1, 1]. It is shown that the L 1 norm of f − F n f differs from that of f − \ tf B by at most a factor of the order of log n , and that, similarly, the L 1 norm of f − H n f differs from that of f − f B by at most a factor of the order of log n . These results are discussed in the context of near-best approximations and minimal projections in L p spaces. Also, it is shown that, if f has a certain type of lacunary series expansion, then F n f and H n f are identical to \ tf B and f B , respectively.

Published
1971
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality

Author

Zohreh Arefi, Rasmus Havmoeller, Pietro Ferrara, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Payman Salamati, Agegnehu Bante Getenet, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Alexander C. Tsai, Andrew T Olagunju, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Tim Driscoll, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Taras Kavetskyy, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Richard C. Franklin, Naznin Hossain, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Morteza Naserbakht, Sangram Kishor Patel, Vera Marisa Costa, Suzanne Polinder, Ziad El-Khatib, Ashish Pathak, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, David M. Pigott, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, Hadi Hassankhani, Nuworza Kugbey, Lal B. Rawal, Masoud Foroutan, Dejana Braithwaite, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Grant M. A. Wyper, Joht Singh Chandan, Akbar Barzegar, Hamid Safarpour, Kate E. LeGrand, Giulio Castelpietra, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Amin Soheili, Azeem Majeed, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Walter Mendoza, Ghulam Mustafa, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Pengpeng Ye, Mahesh P A, Carlos Miguel Rios González, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Masoud Moradi, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Mohammad Rabiee, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Jack T Fox, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Pallab K. Maulik, Ai-Min Wu, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Fatemeh Rajati, Nathaniel J Henry, David C. Schwebel, Ali H. Mokdad, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Leonardo Roever, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Khalid A Altirkawi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Farhad Ghamari, Ramesh Holla, Arash Sarveazad, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Suresh Jungari, Rohan Borschmann, Irfan Ullah, Nitin Joseph, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Ivo Rakovac, Mohammad Zamani, Antonio Maria Borzì, Atif Amin Baig, Mohsen Bayati, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Mehdi Sayyah, Teshome Abegaz Kamil, Fakher Rahim, Dillon O Sylte, Feng Sha, Palash Chandra Banik, Mohan Bairwa, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Yong Yu, Delia Hendrie, Spencer L. James, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Seok Jun Yoon, Siavash Rahimi, Jost B. Jonas, Michael R. Phillips, Diana Silva, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Samath D Dharmaratne, Roba Khundkar, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Joemer C. Maravilla, Eleonora Dubljanin, Arun Balachandran, Arman Latifi, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Alessandra C. Goulart, Andreea Mirica, Fatemeh Zarei, Habte Belete, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Atte Meretoja, Jasvinder A. Singh, Guilherme Borges, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Guoqing Hu, Archith Boloor, Luca Ronfani, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Yousef Khader, Adnan Kisa, Simon I. Hay, Takeshi Fukumoto, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Yuichiro Yano, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Ghasem Azarian, Sezer Kisa, Basema Saddik, Leake Gebremeskel, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Smita Pakhale, Francesco Saverio Violante, Neeraj Bedi, Efat Mohamadi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Marek Majdan, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Monika Sawhney, Ayman Grada, Prasanna Mithra, Shanshan Li, Masood Ali Shaikh, Erin B Hamilton, Hung Chak Ho, Zichen Liu, Irini Chatziralli, Paulo A. Lotufo, Yuming Guo, Daniel N. Kiirithio, Hamidreza Komaki, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Yoosik Youm, Kebreab Paulos, Saqib Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, M. Mofizul Islam, Ahad Bakhtiari, Karen M. Tabb, Davood Anvari, Tomislav Mestrovic, Yunquan Zhang, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Naohiro Yonemoto, Rupak Desai, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Carlo La Vecchia, Amrit Banstola, Niguse Meles Alema, Shivakumar K.M. Kondlahalli, Soraya Seedat, Filippo Ariani, Chi Linh Hoang, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Erika Ota, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Van C. Lansingh, Mohammed Madadin, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Dinh-Toi Chu, Bach Xuan Tran, Till Bärnighausen, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Bereket Duko Adema, In-Hwan Oh, Paul S. F. Yip, Ionut Negoi, Eduarda Fernandes, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Kelly Jones, Mahdi Safdarian, Josep Maria Haro, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Diego De Leo, Khanh Bao Tran, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Yasser S. Amer, Tommi Vasankari, Vasily Vlassov, Jose C. Adsuar, Zoubida Zaidi, Asadollah Gholamian, Theo Vos, Nauman Khalid, Malke Asaad, André Faro, Rushdia Ahmed, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Hoa Thi Do, Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Manasi Kumar, Josip Car, Shoaib Hassan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Gurudatta Naik, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Mustafa Z. Younis, Farid Najafi, Ester Cerin, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Javad Nazari, Joel M. Francis, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Farahnaz Joukar, Babak Moazen, Kebede Deribe, Nithin Kumar, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Getinet Ayano, Serge Resnikoff, Mark A. Stokes, Alaa Badawi, Narinder Kumar, Habibolah Khazaie, Sojib Bin Zaman, Faris Lami, Jens R. Chapman, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Dhirendra N Sinha, Engida Yisma, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Junaid Khan, Shane D. Morrison, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ata Rafiee, Hadush Gebremariam, Oghenowede Eyawo, Amir Hasanzadeh, Ana Laura Manda, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Narayana Manjunatha, Navid Manafi, Ritesh G. Menezes, Ferrán Catalá-López, Hossein Poustchi, Ghobad Moradi, Suliman Alghnam, Tinuke O Olagunju, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Sorin Hostiuc, Jalal Arabloo, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Chris D Castle, Joan B. Soriano, Syed Amir Gilani, Mariam Molokhia, Gaurav Gupta, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Isabela M. Benseñor, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, Young Eun Kim, Olatunde Aremu, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Jae Il Shin, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Neha Chaudhary, Juan Sanabria, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Sanni Yaya, Rekha Thapar, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Maciej Banach, Salman Rawaf, Nicholas L S Roberts, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Manoochehr Karami, Derrick A Bennett, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Soheil Hassanipour, Ashish Badiye, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Obinna Onwujekwe, Kewal Krishan, João Coelho, Ahmed Abdelalim, Kerrie E. Doyle, Tomasz Miazgowski, Rahman Shiri, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Navid Rabiee, Nikita Otstavnov, Brian J. Hall, Olalekan A. Uthman, Rohollah Kalhor, Swayam Prakash, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Chuanhua Yu, Pascual R. Valdez, Martha Híjar, Taweewat Wiangkham, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Aidin Abedi, Savita Lasrado, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Yousef Veisani, Ayenew Kassie Tesema, Amir Radfar, Pawan Faris, Oladimeji Adebayo, Fares Alahdab, Heather Orpana, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Tripti Khanna, Girikumar Kumaresh, Alireza Rafiei, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Cyrus Alinia, Era Upadhyay, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Ahmed Omar Bali, Farshad Farzadfar, Vivek Kumar, Sanghamitra Pati, Gholamreza Roshandel, Daiane Borges Machado, Yuan-Pang Wang, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Jeevan Pereira, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Soraya Siabani, Kamarul Imran Musa, Farshad Pourmalek, Janet L Leasher, Shafiu Mohammed, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Mehdi Naderi, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Eun-Kee Park, Marwa Rashad Salem, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Paolo Lauriola, Amir Kasaeian, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Rovshan Khalilov, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Ai Koyanagi, Shailesh Advani, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Nihad A. Almasri, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Salman Khazaei, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Matthew Cunningham, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Hosni Salem, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Amy E. Peden, Rajaram Yadav, Srikanta Banerjee, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Ronan A Lyons, Farzad Jalilian, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Soufiane Boufous, Leila R Kalankesh, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Mikk Jürisson, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Zachary V Dingels, Florian Fischer, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Getnet Gedefaw, Tauseef Ahmad, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Hamed Zandian, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gregory J. Bertolacci, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Dawit Habte Woldeyes, Robert C. Reiner, Rakhi Dandona, Akram Pourshams, Lorainne Tudor Car, Inbal Salz, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Farnam Mohebi, A. A. Fomenkov, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Yousef Mohammad, Arash Ziapour, Zabihollah Yousefi, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Neeti Kapoor, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Vinod C. Nayak, Yoshan Moodley, Venkatesh Maled, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Saif Ullah, Anwar Rafay, Ali Koolivand, Ibrahim A Khalil, Parul Puri, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Vinay Nangia, Tanuj Kanchan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Lidia Morawska, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Traolach S. Brugha, Michael K. Hole, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Pankaj Singh, Rosario Cárdenas, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Sanjay Zodpey, Birhanu Geta, Amaha Kahsay, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Samer Hamidi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Peter Memiah, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Daniel Y. Cho, Keyvan Pakshir, Aziz Rezapour, R V Polibin, Sudha Jayaraman, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Amir Manafi, Berhe Gebremichael, Ali Yadollahpour, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Alan D. Lopez, Masoud Behzadifar, Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, Ali Kabir, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sanofi, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HUS Neurocenter, James, S. L., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Fox, J. T., Hamilton, E. B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N. L. S., Sylte, D. O., Bertolacci, G. J., Cunningham, M., Henry, N. J., Legrand, K. E., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R. S., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K. H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adsuar, J. C., Advani, S. M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, M. B., Ahmed, R., Aichour, M. T. E., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F. M., Alema, N. M., Alemu, B. W., Alghnam, S. A., Ali, B. A., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Altirkawi, K., Amer, Y. S. A., Andrei, C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Arora, A., Asaad, M., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azarian, G., Badawi, A., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Banik, P. C., Banstola, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barzegar, A., Bayati, M., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bedi, N., Behzadifar, M., Belete, H., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A. G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Boloor, A., Borges, G., Borschmann, R., Borzi, A. M., Boufous, S., Braithwaite, D., Briko, N. I., Brugha, T., Budhathoki, S. S., Car, J., Cardenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chapman, J. R., Chattu, V. K., Chattu, S. K., Chatziralli, I., Chaudhary, N., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Cicuttini, F. M., Coelho, J. M., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Daryani, A., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., De Leo, D., Demeke, F. M., Demoz, G. T., Demsie, D. G., Deribe, K., Desai, R., Nasab, M. D., Da Silva, D. D., Forooshani, Z. S. D., Do, H. T., Doyle, K. E., Driscoll, T. R., Dubljanin, E., Adema, B. D., Eagan, A. W., Elemineh, D. A., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Ellingsen, C. L., El Sayedzaki, M., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Faris, P. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J. M., Franklin, R. C., Fukumoto, T., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebremariam, H., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, L. G., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremichael, B., Gedefaw, G. A., Geta, B., Getenet, A. B., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Gheshlagh, R. G., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S. A., Gill, T. K., Goudarzian, A. H., Goulart, A. C., Grada, A., Grivna, M., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, G., Haagsma, J. A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Haro, J. M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassan, S., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, H. Y., Havmoeller, R., Hendrie, D., Heydarpour, F., Hijar, M., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, G., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Inbaraj, L. R., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jayaraman, S., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jha, R. P., John-Akinola, Y. O., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jungari, S. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kahsay, A., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamil, T. A., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Kassaye, H. G., Kavetskyy, T., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Khader, Y. S., Khafaie, M. A., Khalid, N., Khalil, I. A., Khalilov, R., Khan, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Khanna, T., Khazaei, S., Khazaie, H., Khundkar, R., Kiirithio, D. N., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kim, D., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Komaki, H., Kondlahalli, S. K. M., Koolivand, A., Korshunov, V. A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M. U. G., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F. H., Lansingh, V. C., Lasrado, S., Latifi, A., Lauriola, P., Vecchia, C. L., Leasher, J. L., Lee, S. W. H., Li, S., Liu, X., Lopez, A. D., Lotufo, P. A., Lyons, R. A., Machado, D. B., Madadin, M., Abd El Razek, M. M., Mahotra, N. B., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Malta, D. C., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Manda, A. -L., Manjunatha, N., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M. A., Maravilla, J. C., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Massenburg, B. B., Maulik, P. K., Mehndiratta, M. M., Melketsedik, Z. A., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, M. M., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H. E., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohebi, F., Bandpei, M. A. M., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Morawska, L., Velasquez, I. M., Morrison, S. D., Mossie, T. B., Muluneh, A. G., Musa, K. I., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naik, G., Naimzada, M. D., Najaf, F., Nangia, V., Nascimento, B. R., Naserbakht, M., Nayak, V., Nazari, J., Ndwandwe, D. E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nikbakhsh, R., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nnaji, C. A., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Bali, A. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Orpana, H. M., Ota, E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Mahesh, A. P., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E. -K., Patel, S. K., Pathak, A., Pati, S., Paulos, K., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Pereira, J., Phillips, M. R., Polibin, R. V., Polinder, S., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Prakash, S., Pribadi, D. R. A., Puri, P., Syed, Z. Q., Rabiee, N., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rafee, A., Rafei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, S., Rahman, M. A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rajati, F., Rakovac, I., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Resnikoff, S., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Rickard, J., Gonzalez, C. M. R., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Saddik, B., Safarpour, H., Safdarian, M., Sajadi, S. M., Salamati, P., Salem, M. R. R., Salem, H., Salz, I., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Riera, L. S., Milicevic, M. M. S., Sarker, A. R., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schwebel, D. C., Seedat, S., Senthilkumaran, S., Seyedmousavi, S., Sha, F., Shaahmadi, F., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Singh, J. A., Singh, P. K., Sinha, D. N., Soheili, A., Soriano, J. B., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Stokes, M. A., Sufiyan, M. B., Sykes, B. L., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabb, K. M., Taddele, B. W., Tefera, Y. M., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekulu, G. H., Tesema, A. K. T., Tesfay, B. E., Thapar, R., Titova, M. V., Tlaye, K. G., Tohidinik, H. R., Topor-Madry, R., Tran, K. B., Tran, B. X., Tripathy, J. P., Tsai, A. C., Tsatsakis, A., Car, L. T., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Uthman, O. A., Valdez, P. R., Vasankari, T. J., Veisani, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y. -P., Wiangkham, T., Wolde, H. F., Woldeyes, D. H., Wondmeneh, T. G., Wondmieneh, A. B., Wu, A. -M., Wyper, G. M. A., Yadav, R., Yadollahpour, A., Yano, Y., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J., Youm, Y., Younis, M. Z., Yousef, Z., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, F., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Dandona, R., Dharmaratne, S. D., Hay, S. I., Mokdad, A. H., Pigott, D. M., Reiner, R. C., Vos, T., James, S, Castle, C, Dingels, Z, Fox, J, Hamilton, E, Liu, Z, Roberts, N, Sylte, D, Bertolacci, G, Cunningham, M, Henry, N, Legrand, K, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abosetugn, A, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Adsuar, J, Advani, S, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Eddine Aichour, M, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, F, Alema, N, Alemu, B, Alghnam, S, Ali, B, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Altirkawi, K, Abdeldayem Amer, Y, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, T Antonio, C, Anvari, D, Yaw Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Arora, A, Asaad, M, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azarian, G, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balachandran, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Banik, P, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Belete, H, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Borges, G, Borschmann, R, Borzì, A, Boufous, S, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Brugha, T, Budhathoki, S, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chapman, J, Chattu, V, Chattu, S, Chatziralli, I, Chaudhary, N, Cho, D, Choi, J, Kabir Chowdhury, M, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Coelho, J, Costa, V, Dahlawi, S, Daryani, A, Dávila-Cervantes, C, Leo, D, Demeke, F, Demoz, G, Demsie, D, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Nasab, M, Silva, D, Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Do, H, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubljanin, E, Adema, B, Eagan, A, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, C, Zaki, M, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Faris, P, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Franklin, R, Fukumoto, T, Geberemariyam, B, Gebremariam, H, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, L, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremichael, B, Gedefaw, G, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Gheshlagh, R, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Goudarzian, A, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimarães, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, G, Haagsma, J, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Haro, J, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hendrie, D, Heydarpour, F, Híjar, M, Ho, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Inbaraj, L, Naghibi Irvani, S, Mofizul Islam, M, Shariful Islam, S, Ivers, R, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jayaraman, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jha, R, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Jones, K, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahsay, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamil, T, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassaye, H, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khan, M, Khan, E, Khan, J, Khanna, T, Khazaei, S, Khazaie, H, Khundkar, R, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kim, D, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, S, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, V, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Defo, B, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, V, Kumaresh, G, Lami, F, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, Latifi, A, Lauriola, P, Vecchia, C, Leasher, J, Huey Lee, S, Li, S, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lotufo, P, Lyons, R, Machado, D, Madadin, M, Abd El Razek, M, Mahotra, N, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Maled, V, Malta, D, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Manda, A, Manjunatha, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Maravilla, J, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Mehndiratta, M, Melketsedik, Z, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Merie, H, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mohebi, F, Mohseni Bandpei, M, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Velásquez, I, Morrison, S, Mossie, T, Muluneh, A, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naik, G, Naimzada, M, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nascimento, B, Naserbakht, M, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, T, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, D, Thi Nguyen, H, Nikbakhsh, R, Anggraini Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Orpana, H, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pati, S, Paulos, K, Peden, A, Filipino Pepito, V, Pereira, J, Phillips, M, Polibin, R, Polinder, S, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Angga Pribadi, D, Puri, P, Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, S, Rahman, M, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Rakovac, I, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios González, C, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Saddik, B, Safarpour, H, Safdarian, M, Mohammad Sajadi, S, Salamati, P, Rashad Salem, M, Salem, H, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Riera, L, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarker, A, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Sayyah, M, Schwebel, D, Seedat, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Sha, F, Shaahmadi, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Singh, J, Singh, P, Sinha, D, Soheili, A, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Sykes, B, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, K, Taddele, B, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekulu, G, Tesema Tesema, A, Tesfay, B, Thapar, R, Titova, M, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, K, Tran, B, Tripathy, J, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Car, L, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wiangkham, T, Wolde, H, Woldeyes, D, Wondmeneh, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Wyper, G, Yadav, R, Yadollahpour, A, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Ye, P, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zarei, F, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Dandona, R, Dharmaratne, S, Hay, S, Mokdad, A, Pigott, D, Reiner, R, Vos, T, James, S.L., Castle, C.D., Dingels, Z.V., Fox, J.T., Hamilton, E.B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N.L.S., Sylte, D.O., Bertolacci, G.J., Cunningham, M., Henry, N.J., Legrand, K.E., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R.S., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K.H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abushouk, A.I., Adebayo, O.M., Adsuar, J.C., Advani, S.M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, M.B., Ahmed, R., Aichour, M.T.E., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F.M., Alema, N.M., Alemu, B.W., Alghnam, S.A., Ali, B.A., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N.A., Altirkawi, K., Amer, Y.S.A., Andrei, C.L., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Arora, A., Asaad, M., Quintanilla, B.P.A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Azarian, G., Badawi, A., Badiye, A.D., Baig, A.A., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Banstola, A., Barker-Collo, S.L., Bärnighausen, T.W., Barzegar, A., Bayati, M., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bedi, N., Behzadifar, M., Belete, H., Bennett, D.A., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A.G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Boloor, A., Borges, G., Borschmann, R., Borzì, A.M., Boufous, S., Braithwaite, D., Briko, N.I., Brugha, T., Budhathoki, S.S., Car, J., Cárdenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Castelpietra, G., Catalá-López, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J.S., Chapman, J.R., Chattu, V.K., Chattu, S.K., Chatziralli, I., Chaudhary, N., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J.-Y.J., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Christopher, D.J., Chu, D.-T., Cicuttini, F.M., Coelho, J.M., Costa, V.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Daryani, A., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., De Leo, D., Demeke, F.M., Demoz, G.T., Demsie, D.G., Deribe, K., Desai, R., Nasab, M.D., Da Silva, D.D., Forooshani, Z.S.D., Do, H.T., Doyle, K.E., Driscoll, T.R., Dubljanin, E., Adema, B.D., Eagan, A.W., Elemineh, D.A., El-Jaafary, S.I., El-Khatib, Z., Ellingsen, C.L., El Sayedzaki, M., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Faris, P.S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fereshtehnejad, S.-M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Folayan, M.O., Fomenkov, A.A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J.M., Franklin, R.C., Fukumoto, T., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebremariam, H., Gebremedhin, K.B., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebremeskel, G.G., Gebremichael, B., Gedefaw, G.A., Geta, B., Getenet, A.B., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Gheshlagh, R.G., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T.K., Goudarzian, A.H., Goulart, A.C., Grada, A., Grivna, M., Guimarães, R.A., Guo, Y., Gupta, G., Haagsma, J.A., Hall, B.J., Hamadeh, R.R., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Haro, J.M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassan, S., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, H.Y., Havmoeller, R., Hendrie, D., Heydarpour, F., Híjar, M., Ho, H.C., Hoang, C.L., Hole, M.K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, G., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Inbaraj, L.R., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, M.M., Islam, S.M.S., Ivers, R.Q., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jayaraman, S., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jha, R.P., John-Akinola, Y.O., Jonas, J.B., Jones, K.M., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jungari, S.B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kahsay, A., Kalankesh, L.R., Kalhor, R., Kamil, T.A., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Kassaye, H.G., Kavetskyy, T., Kayode, G.A., Keiyoro, P.N., Kelbore, A.G., Khader, Y.S., Khafaie, M.A., Khalid, N., Khalil, I.A., Khalilov, R., Khan, M., Khan, E.A., Khan, J., Khanna, T., Khazaei, S., Khazaie, H., Khundkar, R., Kiirithio, D.N., Kim, Y.-E., Kim, Y.J., Kim, D., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Komaki, H., Kondlahalli, S.K.M., Koolivand, A., Korshunov, V.A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M.U.G., Krishan, K., Defo, B.K., Bicer, B.K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Kumar, N., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F.H., Lansingh, V.C., Lasrado, S., Latifi, A., Lauriola, P., Vecchia, C.L., Leasher, J.L., Lee, S.W.H., Li, S., Liu, X., Lopez, A.D., Lotufo, P.A., Lyons, R.A., Machado, D.B., Madadin, M., Abd El Razek, M.M., Mahotra, N.B., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Malta, D.C., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Manda, A.-L., Manjunatha, N., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M.A., Maravilla, J.C., Mason-Jones, A.J., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Maulik, P.K., Mehndiratta, M.M., Melketsedik, Z.A., Memiah, P.T.N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, M.M., Meretoja, T.J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H.E., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T.R., Mini, G.K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, J.A., Mohebi, F., Bandpei, M.A.M., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Morawska, L., Velásquez, I.M., Morrison, S.D., Mossie, T.B., Muluneh, A.G., Musa, K.I., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naik, G., Naimzada, M.D., Najaf, F., Nangia, V., Nascimento, B.R., Naserbakht, M., Nayak, V., Nazari, J., Ndwandwe, D.E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, T.H., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, D.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nikbakhsh, R., Ningrum, D.N.A., Nnaji, C.A., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F.A., Oghenetega, O.B., Oh, I.-H., Olagunju, A.T., Olagunju, T.O., Bali, A.O., Onwujekwe, O.E., Orpana, H.M., Ota, E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Mahesh, A.P., Padubidri, J.R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E.-K., Patel, S.K., Pathak, A., Pati, S., Paulos, K., Peden, A.E., Pepito, V.C.F., Pereira, J., Phillips, M.R., Polibin, R.V., Polinder, S., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Prakash, S., Pribadi, D.R.A., Puri, P., Syed, Z.Q., Rabiee, N., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rafee, A., Rafei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, S., Rahman, M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rajati, F., Rakovac, I., Rao, S.J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Resnikoff, S., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A.I., Rickard, J., González, C.M.R., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Saddik, B., Safarpour, H., Safdarian, M., Sajadi, S.M., Salamati, P., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Salz, I., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Riera, L.S., Milicevic, M.M.S., Sarker, A.R., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schwebel, D.C., Seedat, S., Senthilkumaran, S., Seyedmousavi, S., Sha, F., Shaahmadi, F., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M.A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J.I., Shiri, R., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Singh, J.A., Singh, P.K., Sinha, D.N., Soheili, A., Soriano, J.B., Sorrie, M.B., Soyiri, I.N., Stokes, M.A., Sufiyan, M.B., Sykes, B.L., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabb, K.M., Taddele, B.W., Tefera, Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekulu, G.H., Tesema, A.K.T., Tesfay, B.E., Thapar, R., Titova, M.V., Tlaye, K.G., Tohidinik, H.R., Topor-Madry, R., Tran, K.B., Tran, B.X., Tripathy, J.P., Tsai, A.C., Tsatsakis, A., Car, L.T., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Uthman, O.A., Valdez, P.R., Vasankari, T.J., Veisani, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y.-P., Wiangkham, T., Wolde, H.F., Woldeyes, D.H., Wondmeneh, T.G., Wondmieneh, A.B., Wu, A.-M., Wyper, G.M.A., Yadav, R., Yadollahpour, A., Yano, Y., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S.-J., Youm, Y., Younis, M.Z., Yousef, Z., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Moghadam, T.Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S.B., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, F., Zhang, Z.-J., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Dandona, R., Dharmaratne, S.D., Hay, S.I., Mokdad, A.H., Pigott, D.M., Reiner, R.C., Vos, T., Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yisma, Engida, Vos, Theo, and Public Health

Subjects
Male, Populations/contexts, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Global injuries, population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, contexts, context, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, Data, populations/contexts, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, methodology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Female, Public Health, TERRITORIES, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, descriptive epidemiology, Human, Disabilities, 195 COUNTRIES, statistical issue, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, Life Expectancy, Environmental health, Injury prevention, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, statistical issues, Humans, Mortality, Estimation, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, DISABILITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, populations, Morbidity, Wounds and Injuries, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, 1701 Psychology, Life expectancy, Estimates, Human medicine, populations/context
Abstract

Background. While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. Seyed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Alaa Badawi acknowledges support by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Till Bärnighausen acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Traolach Brugha received support from NatCen Social Research (http://natcen.ac.uk/) via NHS Digital and Department of Health and Social Care London, for the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) programme. Felix Carvalho received support from UID/MULTI/04378/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera M Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Kebede Deribe is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Tim Driscoll acknowledges that work on occupational risk factors was partially supported by funds from the World Health Organization. Eduarda Fernandes acknowledges support from UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Yuming Guo acknowledges support from Career Development Fellowships of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (numbers APP1107107 and APP1163693). Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through the Grant number OI175014; publication of results was not contingent upon Ministry's censorship or approval. Sudha Jayaraman acknowledges support from: NIH R21: 1R21TW010439-01A1 (PI); Rotary Foundation Global Grant #GG1749568 (PI); NIH P20: 1P20CA210284-01A1 (Co-PI) and DOD grant W81XWH-16-2-0040 (Co-I), during the period of this study. Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from a grant from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [grant number: XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001]. Kewal Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Mansai Kumar acknowledges support from FIC/ NIH K43 1K43MH114320-01. Amanda Mason-Jones acknowledges support by the University of York. Mariam Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’s National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Ilais Moreno Velasquez is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI, Senacyt, Panama). Mukhammad David Naimzada acknowledges support from Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Duduzile Ndwandwe acknowledges support from Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. Stanislav S. Otstavnov acknowledges the support from the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Ashish Pathak acknowledges support from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India (Grant number 2013-1253). Michael R Phillips acknowledges support in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81761128031). Abdallah M. Samy received a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena Santric Milicevic acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA. Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Sojib Bin Zaman acknowledges support from an "Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results