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Many variable-capacitance energy harvesters employ a large inductor to improve their power efficiency by reducing conduction losses, which is suboptimal in applications requiring a small form-factor, such as in implants. This article describes a variable-capacitance harvester that performs optimally using miniaturized inductors. The impact of scaling the inductor on the generated energy of conventional semisynchronous and fully-synchronous charge-constraint topologies is investigated analytically as well as experimentally. It is shown that the proposed harvester outperforms the semisynchronous and fully-synchronous charge-constraint harvesters while using very small inductance values. Using two reservoir capacitors to generate energy without requiring large inductors, as well as utilizing a different switching scheme are the main factors contributing to this advantage. Since harvesting energy from slow moving mechanical sources, such as body movements, constitutes a major challenge, all three harvesters are implemented and tested with an actuating frequency as low as 0.5 Hz and for inductance values between 1 $\mu$ H to 1 mH. The experimental results for sample designs corroborate the analytical expressions and show that to generate optimal harvested energy of the proposed harvester, the semisynchronous harvester requires a 15.6 times larger inductor.

Blood pressure (BP) is a critical vital sign in health, measured millions of times per day worldwide. Current BP measurement requires cumbersome tools, is painful and can be inconvenient. Non-invasive cuffless BP measurement based on pulse arrival time (PAT) techniques allow an alternative way of monitoring BP in healthcare settings with refined wearability and user-friendly features. PAT extraction requires at least two measurements, one as a time reference and another to obtain time delay; there are several approaches to calculate the PAT from various sensors placed on the body. Commonly used signals are electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG), which can be recorded from a patients body using more than two separate sensors attachment set-ups. In this work, cuffless BP calculation based on five different PAT readings using Bio-impedance (BImp) at the shoulder as an alternative to PPG, has been investigated. Sensor placement is on the patients chest; which hides them beneath the patient’s clothes making them more suitable for ambulatory monitoring systems. Technology performance was assessed using different postures, exercises and Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) spray doses; which provided stable, rising and falling BPs for evaluation. Data were collected from 41 participants who were sitting, standing and supine. Twenty-four of 41 participants undertook experiments including a handgrip task (isometric exercise), three periods of cycling on an exercise bike with light, moderate and heavy resistance settings and an observed rest period at the end. The remaining 17 of 41 subjects received GTN spray for predefined times with variable recovery periods afterwards. Different methods of PAT extraction from BImp data were compared for accuracy. Comparisons were made between PAT readings alone and PAT combined with Heart Rate and the combination model performed better when calculating BP. Simultaneously, data were collected using PPG-based PATs compared to BImp-based PATs. BImp-based PATs proved 3% more accurate than PPG-based PATs, demonstrating the potential superiority of BImp-based BP calculations.

This work presents the modeling and the experimental validation of a linear electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) actuated by random low-g external acceleration or by a very slow imposed movement. By combining these two different ways of energy scavenging, the system is particularly suited for powering wearable and biomedical electronic devices where the human-motion and movement can be considered as random and non predictable. The design is composed of a mobile stack of head-to-head ring-shaped permanent magnets in which a fixed wounded ferromagnetic core, composed of two coils, is located. A custom co-simulation is presented: a finite element analysis (FEA) and a one dimension (1D) two degrees of freedom (2DOF) system model. The FEA is used to optimize the geometry of the EMEH and its form factor, allowing an significative down-scaling. The 1D 2DOF model describes the dynamics of the EMEH in its real environment by considering all the leading mechanical and electrical parameters. The geometry can drastically change the behavior of the system as well as its dynamics: the goal of this double structure is to reduce the magnetic force exerted between the fixed part and the moving part while keeping the magnetic flux gradient in each coil as large as possible. This force was characterized experimentally by using a custom designed test bench, to validate the FEA results. It was observed that the maximum produced energy is reached when the system sweeps across different equilibrium positions rather than oscillating around a given stable position. The second degree of freedom helps the system to settle in a large number of equilibrium positions when submitted to random external accelerations and therefore broadens the frequency response of the EH. Results show a theoretical electrical power output (RMS) of 2 mW for a 10 cm3 cylindrical harvester submitted to a short external acceleration pulse of 27.5 m/s2.

This paper describes a hybrid mass sensing system comprising a QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) mass sensor operating under atmospheric pressure and a 3-DOF mode localized coupled resonator operating in vacuum. Nanoparticles as consecutive mass perturbations are added onto the QCM, the output signals with respect to the amount of mass change are then being manipulated to generate electrostatic forces. Subsequently, the electrostatic forces act on the 3-DOF mode localized coupled resonator as external stiffness perturbations. The output metrics of the hybrid system were defined as: the resonant frequency shifts, vibration amplitude changes, and the changes in resonance amplitude ratio. Measured data was analyzed for these metrics and compared. This work demonstrated that the proposed hybrid mass sensing system attained a ${2.5\times }10^{\text 6}{N}{(\text{m}\bullet \text{kg})}^{-1}$ mass to stiffness transduction factor, and has the potential to be employed as a direct liquid contact biochemical transducer.

We have developed a straightforward die-level thinning process suitable for Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) dies. The process has been demonstrated on SOI CMOS die assembled on rigid and flexible PCBs using previously-developed anisotropic conductive adhesive flip-chip method. Unlike standard wafer-level thinning processes, in the demonstrated process the full thickness SOI die is directly mounted on PCB and after that thinned. The demonstrated process is simple and robust; it comprises fewer process steps compared to conventional die thinning process. The ultra-thinning process has no effects on the assembly integrity and device performance.

This paper presents two electromagnetic interference (EMI) resisting current mirror topologies that use a linearization technique to filter out the EMI without producing any offset at the output. A proposed current mirror illustrating the linearization concept is implemented in standard $\text{0.18}\;\mu \text{m}$ mixed-mode CMOS technology. Measurement results show that for a frequency range of 10 kHz–10 MHz, the EMI-induced offset current produced by the proposed current mirror is negligible as compared to the traditional current mirror.

This paper presents a unique methodology to calculate the filtering capacitances of the OpAmp already reported in the literature. The methodology aims to show that there is an optimal solution that can be used to increase the electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity of any OpAmp for a wide range of frequencies. By using this proposed methodology, an OpAmp structure that reduces the EMI effect is designed in standard $0.18\ \mu \text{m}$ mixed-mode CMOS technology. Detailed mathematical analyses and simulation results are presented and discussed. Simulation results show that the maximum EMI-induced offset voltage in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz for the OpAmp is 4.4 mV. In contrast, the standard Miller OpAmp exhibits a maximum EMI-induced offset voltage of 92.4 mV under the same operating conditions.

This study proposes a wide-band low-power low-noise amplifier (LNA) and switched transconductance (SwGm) mixer. The proposed mixer is realised with a fully differential complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) SwGm configuration. It provides a high bandwidth with a low noise figure (NF) and consumes a low amount of power. Moreover, an ultra-wideband LNA is designed by using a split-load inductive technique. The combination of the LNA and the mixer has provided competitive results in terms of power, bandwidth, NF, and gain. The LNA + mixer was designed and fabricated in the 65 nm radio frequency-CMOS technology. The proposed LNA achieves 2.5 ± 0.1 dB of NF and 17 ± 1.5 dB of gain over the band of 1-10 GHz and consumes 4.8 mW of power. The proposed SwGm mixer shows a maximum conversion gain (CG) of 10 dB, a minimum NF of 10 dB, and more than -8.5 dBm of third-order input intercept point (IIP3) over the band of 10 GHz. The implemented LNA + mixer achieves 19 dB of CG, 5 dB of NF, and -6 dBm of IIP3. The on-chip LNA and mixer consume only 1.65 mW and 530 μW, respectively, from a 1.2 V supply voltage.

This paper presents a novel fully integrated step-up dc/dc converter containing circuits to improve electromagnetic emissions. This design utilizes current sources to limit the impulsive current flow into the integrated flying capacitors. This reduces the discontinuous pulse currents normally associated with capacitive converters causing electromagnetic interference (EMI). A variable reference current enables the converter to operate with the lowest possible emissions through the entire operating range and is used to regulate the output voltage. The inclusion of low EMI techniques enables fully integrated power converters to be implemented in systems where noise produced by converters currently restricts or prohibits their use. The proposed 3.2 mW voltage doubler was fabricated in a 0.18 $\mu$ m CMOS process. With an input voltage range of 1–1.8 V, the converter produces a 1.6–3.3 V output. Experimental results verify the reduction of emissions to meet IEC 61967-4 Class L using current control with a reduction of noise voltage when compared with the circuit without the proposed techniques.

Conventional radiological and endoscopic techniques utilizing long tubes were ineffective in visualizing the small bowel mucosa until the development of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). WCE is a revolutionary endoscopic technology that can diagnose the complete gastrointestinal tract. However, the existing capsule technologies are passive, and thus they cannot be navigated to or held in a specific location. The design of an active capsule will present the opportunity to move and stop a device at any targeted locations leading to numerous medical applications such as drug delivery or collecting tissue samples for examinations in the laboratory. This paper implements a new locomotion methodology for WCE systems using an electromagnetic platform. The platform produces a dynamic electromagnetic field to control the motion of the capsule. The strength and the direction of the electromagnetic field that is generated by the platform are continuously adjusted in order to maintain the equilibrium state during the capsule movement. We present the detailed design of the proposed platform with an experimental setup with polyvinyl chloride tubes and ex vivo to demonstrate the performance of the capsule motion.

Poor environmental conditions can lead to severe health problems. It is essential to develop effective, reliable, and fast response systems for people working in hazardous environments. This paper presents a wearable Internet of Things sensor network aimed at monitoring harmful environmental conditions for safety applications via a Lora wireless network. The proposed sensor node, called the WE-Safe node, is based on a customized sensor node, which is self-powered, low-power, and supports multiple environmental sensors. Environmental data is monitored by the sensor node in real-time and transmitted to a remote cloud server. The data can be displayed to users through a web-based application located on the cloud server and the device will alert the user via a mobile application when an emergency condition is detected. The experimental results indicate that the presented safety monitoring network works reliably using energy harvesting.

This paper presents a novel CMOS Miller operational amplifier (OpAmp) that has high immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The proposed CMOS Miller OpAmp uses the replica concept with the source-buffered technique in order to achieve high EMI immunity across a wide range of frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz). The proposed amplifier is designed using the first-order quadratic mathematical model. The modeling includes the body effect and channel length modulation. The circuit has been fabricated using 0.18 $\mu \text{m}$ mixed-mode CMOS technology. Measurement results illustrate how the proposed Miller OpAmp reduces susceptibility to EMI even in the presence of high-amplitude interferences that are as high as 1 Vpp. Experimental results show that the maximum EMI-induced output offset voltage for the proposed Miller OpAmp is less than 10 mV over a wide range of frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz) when a 900 mVpp EMI signal is injected into the noninverting input. In contrast, the classic Miller OpAmp generates a maximum output offset voltage of 215 mV at 1 GHz under the same operating conditions. The measured results of the EMI-induced input offset corroborates the circuit simulations.

This letter discusses an integrated voltage-mode logic (VML) transmitter demonstrating a superior self-immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Both the proposed and typical transmitters were fabricated in the UMC 0.18- $\mu$ m standard CMOS process. Using direct power injection measurement, the typical and proposed VML transmitters were subjected to EMI frequencies ranging from 100 kHz to 2 GHz and amplitudes up to 5-V peak. The proposed VML transmitter maintains an open eye diagram with a minimum eye height of 80 mV at the highest EMI amplitude, whereas the typical VML transmitter's eye opening completely closes for EMI frequencies from 700 kHz to 300 MHz and for EMI amplitudes exceeding 1.5-V peak.

This paper presents the design of an integrated current mode logic (CML) transceiver system that demonstrates a superior robustness to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The effect of EMI on a typical CML transceiver has been investigated and the findings are addressed in the design of the proposed CML transceiver. The typical and proposed CML transceivers are compared experimentally for EMI-robustness using the direct power injection (DPI) method. The proposed CML transceiver system consistently maintains a sufficient differential eye opening retaining a minimum of 160 mV of the original 500 mV peak when EMI is not applied. This is unlike the typical transceiver where the differential eye opening is completely closed for EMI frequencies from 20 MHz to 700 MHz. In terms of bit error rate (BER) measurements, the typical transceiver yields a worst case result of 0.5 for EMI frequencies ranging from 400 MHz to 700 MHz and EMI amplitude of 5 V peak, whereas the proposed transceiver yields a worst case BER result of 0.035 in a narrow EMI frequency range around 200 MHz with the same amount of EMI amplitude. Both typical and proposed CML transceivers are fabricated using a standard $0.18~\mu \text {m}$ CMOS UMC process.

A self-biased CMOS analog mixer for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented in this paper. The proposed mixer is complementary and self-biased, and has lower power consumption, superior isolation, and larger bandwidth. The proposed low-power, down conversion mixer is designed and fabricated in UMC $0.18\mu \text{m}$ CMOS technology. The measurement results show that it can operate at UWB frequencies that range from 1 to 6 GHz. The proposed mixer provides a maximum conversion gain of 13 dB, −4.5 dBm of third-order input intercept point, and a minimum double sideband noise figure of 12 dB. The maximum values of the measured local oscillator LO-to-RF, RF-to-IF, and LO-to-IF isolations are 50, 45, and 52 dB, respectively.

The article addresses the development of highly sensitive, low-light and efficient, miniature single-photon sensor technology based on Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays, its integration on a Flash Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system mounted on a custom built multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) platform, for the collection of real time imagery and performance of neuromorphic processing for accurate target detection and classification.

We developed a low-cost process for assembling versatile sensors without expensive, thick metal finish on rigid and flexible PCB using anisotropic conductive films (ACF) flip-chip (FC) process. This allows a lower temperature budget than conventional FC assembly. The ACF FC process requires no expensive set up, is quick to implement and suits perfectly for sensor prototyping and low-scale manufacturing. The process was directly applied to assemble the bare die of a CMOS strain gauge sensor on flexible PCB without compromising its integrity.

This correspondence discusses the implementation of clock slope control to reduce emissions from fully-integrated step-up dc/dc converters. The addition of clock slope control is a common technique used to reduce electromagnetic emissions normally associated with charge pumps. The clock slope control is coupled with frequency and current control voltage regulation methods.

This paper presents conducted emission measurements for a group of commercially available capacitive step-up dc/dc converters. A comparison of the traditional line impedance stabilization network conducted emission method with integrated circuit test methods including $1\,\Omega$ , direct and transverse electromagnetic cell methods is presented. The frequency performance and systematic offsets of each method are examined. Relative electromagnetic compatibility of these devices is compared and correlation of results of different methods explored. Improved understanding of the electromagnetic environment improves the potential reliability of electronic systems.

This paper explores the modeling and design of Miller-based operational amplifier structures that are highly immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The proposed CMOS Miller-based operational amplifier is derived using the present modeling. It provides higher immunity to EMI that is injected into the amplifier's input over a wide range of frequencies; moreover, the frequency response is comparable to that of a Miller operational amplifier. Simulation results show that the maximum EMI-induced input offset voltage for the proposed CMOS operational amplifier is 5 mV at an EMI frequency of 40 MHz, when a 900 mVpp EMI signal is applied at its input. In contrast, the standard Miller operational amplifier generates an input offset voltage of 32 mV under the same operating conditions. The developed mathematical modeling of the EMI-induced offset correlates with the circuit simulations, providing superior accuracy when designing for high EMI robustness.

Wireless systems employing frequency-division duplexing (FDD) must use duplexing filters to isolate the sensitive receiver from its own strong transmission. The number of filters in the duplexer is equal to the total number of aggregated transmit and receive bands. These filters are nontunable; therefore, a separate duplexer is required for each combination of operating bands. This paper presents an adaptive duplexer architecture capable of handling more than one receiver channel and tunable over a wide frequency range. The structure uses a combination of a low-isolation device with multiple analog canceling loops controlled by a normalized least mean squares (N-LMS) algorithm to track changes in signal leakage. The control is a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) problem. This paper shows that modeling the inverse plant can orthogonalize the problem and dramatically improve convergence times with reduced complexity over previous search algorithms. Low-power pseudonoise (PN) pilot signals are proposed to detect and cancel the transmitter noise. Simulations show that 50 dB of isolation is possible with 20-MHz Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-like channels. Convergence takes 80 iterations (10 ms) from cold or 15 iterations (1.5 ms) for changes in carrier frequency or antenna loading.

In practical printed circuit board (PCB) designs, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is coupled from the ground plane, which is commonly shared among the analog, digital, and mixed-signal integrated circuits. This noisy ground plane couples interference capacitively to all the IC pins, including the output: this effect is exacerbated when the IC is connected to long wires and traces that are routed close to the conductive ground plane. This paper reports on the effect of interference, which is coupled capacitively from the PCB ground plane into all the IC pins of an opamp connected as a voltage buffer. Simulations illustrate the susceptibilities in custom operational amplifier designs, and are corroborated by measurements on several commercial devices. These measurements show that the EMI-induced offset can attain considerable values for the most critical EMI frequencies, which lie between 10 and 100 MHz. Moreover, these illustrate that there is a considerable susceptibility of operational amplifiers to electromagnetic interference coupled to their output pins.

This paper presents an integrated radio frequency (RF) downconversion folded mixer that operates in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band by using UMC 180 nm RF CMOS. It is implemented by using a double-balanced transconductance switch (GmSw) configuration. The proposed mixer converts the incoming signal to a small signal RF current followed by a PMOS current mirror structure. The circuit can operate with a power supply of less than 1.8 V. A superior isolation is achieved by incorporating a novel folded structure with a CMOS local oscillator (LO) stage. The proposed folded mixer achieves 7 dB of conversion gain and 8.5 dBm of the third order input intermodulation product. The highest measured isolation between the LO-IF, RF-IF, and LO-RF ports is 50, 45, and 65 dB, respectively. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2461-2466, 2016

This letter presents an on-chip common-mode cancelation circuit (CMCC), which increases the immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) of the input stage in a classic CMOS operational amplifier. Two test chips, containing a classic Miller amplifier and a Miller amplifier with CMCC, respectively, have been fabricated in the UMC 180 nm CMOS process. Measurements illustrate how the latter amplifier exhibits an increased immunity to EMI compared with the former.

This paper presents the design of an integrated low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) transmitter–receiver system with a superior immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The effects of injected RF interference on the differential communication bus between the proposed and typical LVDS transmitter and receiver front-ends are presented and explained mathematically. The design of a proposed wide input common-mode range LVDS receiver with an increased noise margin is discussed in detail. Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell measurements confirm that the proposed LVDS transmitter–receiver yields a worst-case bit error rate (BER) of 0.1 for an injected 30-dBm EMI signal at 840 MHz, while the typical transmitter–receiver pair fails with a BER of 0.5 for EMI levels as low as 23 dBm at frequencies ranging from 650 to 800 MHz, 820 to 860 MHz, and at 560 MHz. The discussed LVDS transmitter–receiver circuits were designed using the UMC 0.18- $\mu \text{}$ m CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.

With the increasing use of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) devices in healthcare, it is of utmost importance to analyze the electromagnetic power absorption and thermal effects caused by in-body propagation of wireless signals from these devices. This paper studies the path loss, specific absorption rate (SAR), specific absorption (SA), and temperature variation of the human body caused by an impulse-radio ultra-wideband (UWB) based WCE operating inside the human abdomen. In addition, the design and in-body performance of an UWB antenna with dimensions of ${\hbox{11.85}}\times {\hbox{9}}\times {\hbox{1.27}}\ {\hbox{mm}}$ and operating from 3.5 to 4.5 GHz is described in this paper. Path loss is evaluated using both experimental and simulation based methods to characterize the in-body propagation channel. The experimental setup uses a pig’s abdominal tissue samples to demonstrate the propagation characteristics of human tissue while a voxel model of the human body consisting of human tissue simulating materials is used in the simulations. The tissue properties, such as relative permittivity, are characterized according to the incident signal frequency and age of the tissue sample during simulations. The SAR and SA variations for different positions of the WCE device inside the colon and the small intestine of the human body model are analyzed using the finite integration technique as the discretization model. The dependency of the electromagnetic effects on the antenna positioning is investigated by using different positions of the antenna inside the human body.

A novel high third-order intermodulation product (IIP3), low-power, inverter-based bulk-injection mixer design is presented in this letter. The architecture of the proposed mixer consists of four complementary MOS (CMOS) inverters that are connected to form a double-balanced mixer. Radio frequency (RF) signals are applied to the input of the inverters, while local oscillator (LO) signals are applied directly to the bulk voltage terminals of the inverters. The proposed mixer achieves a IIP3 of 0 dBm, a 3-dB RF bandwidth that spans 1 GHz to 6 GHz with an intermediate frequency (IF) of 100 MHz.

This paper presents an on-chip design topology that compensates the effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in a low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) transmitter. The proposed structure enables the transmitter to maintain a wide differential opening by achieving a superior common-mode level independent driving current and common-mode feedback closed-loop gain. Direct power injection measurements illustrate that the proposed LVDS transmitter structure demonstrates a superior EMI immunity as it maintains an eye opening of at least 100 mVp-p in presence of a conductive EMI injection ranging from 150 to 2 GHz with an amplitude of up to 9 Vp-p. Additionally, transverse electromagnetic cell measurements validate the radiated immunity of the proposed integrated LVDS transmitter in presence of an EMI injection of 30 dBm (150 kHz–2 GHz). This EMI robust LVDS transmitter was designed using the UMC 0.18- $\mu$ m CMOS process.

Wireless body area network (WBAN) applications benefit extensively from the advantages offered by unique features of ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication, such as high data rate, low power consumption, and simple transmitter design. A major disadvantage in using UWB for WBAN applications is the complexities introduced by UWB receivers, such as high power consumption, poor receiver performance due to low sensitivity, and complex hardware implementation. This paper presents hardware implementation of a new communication system, where UWB is used for high data-rate transmission from sensor nodes and a 433-MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band receiver is used for receiving low data-rate control messages at the sensor nodes. A full network system for WBAN applications has been implemented including a unique medium access control protocol. The proposed WBAN system is designed to dynamically control the pulses per bit value used for the UWB data communication using control messages received via the narrowband feedback link (i.e., the 433-MHz ISM link). This leads to dynamic bit error rate (BER) and power control at the sensor nodes, which improves the reliability of communication and power efficiency of sensor nodes under dynamic channel conditions. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of BER, sensor initialization delay, and power consumption. This novel dual-band architecture utilizes the unique advantages offered by UWB communication and narrowband technology to enable high data rate, low-complexity hardware design, low power consumption, and small form factor for WBAN sensor systems.

Two high-resolution passive delay line phase shifters in silicon-on-sapphire are compared. Both make use of digitally tuned capacitor loaded π sections to obtain 360 ° phase control. The first has a nominal resolution of 9-bit and uses ten sections, yielding an insertion loss (IL) of 12.6 dB at 1.4 GHz. The second employs a center tapped auto-transformer to provide 180 ° of phase shift, reducing both size and the IL while enabling a further 1-bit improvement in resolution. The measured IL in the 1.8-2.4-GHz frequency range is less than 7.3 dB. Stacked field-effect transistors were employed as switches to increase the power-handling capability. An input referred third intercept point (IIP3) of +39 and +54 dBm were measured for the first and second circuits, respectively.

This letter investigates the use of multiple coils for the powering of and the data communication to brain implants. It studies the limits imposed by these coils in terms of biosafety and interference in the communication channels caused by neighboring and misaligned coils. Simulations using the CST Studio voxel head model are used to assess the associated health risks as well as the resilience of the proposed data communication scheme.

A high-gain, low-power, and low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed in UMC 65 nm radio frequency (RF)-CMOS technology for operation over the 1 to 11 GHz RF band. This LNA design is based on an m-derived inductive peaking circuit with a shunt feedback inverter. The m-derived inductive peaking circuit is placed between two shunt feedback inverters. Further, a split inductor topology is introduced in the circuit. The procedure for the integrating of an m-derived inductive peaking circuit in LNA is explained in detail. The proposed circuit achieves more than 14 dB of power gain over an ultra-wideband of 1 to 11 GHz. The measurement of the proposed LNA achieves a minimum of 2.5 dB of noise figure, and more than -8 dBm of third-order input intercept point, while consuming 11.3 mW of power. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This brief evaluates the effect of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) that is injected in the power supply of a classic Kuijk bandgap reference voltage circuit. Two modified Kuijk bandgap topologies with high immunity to EMI are introduced and compared to the original structure. Measurements of a test IC confirm the theoretical analyses.

This paper studies and compares the performances of CMOS differential input stages with a high degree of immunity against electromagnetic interferences (EMIs) and introduces a source-buffered differential pair which is very resistant to EMI coupled at its inputs. The EMI behavior of this source-buffered differential-pair topology has been evaluated with a test chip: When injecting an EMI signal of 750 mV rms at the input terminals, the measured maximal EMI-induced input offset voltage corresponds to 116 mV for the source-buffered topology compared with 610 mV for the classic differential pair, which constitutes a major improvement.

This paper introduces a new integrated dc current regulator using external resistive trimming, which presents a high degree of immunity against conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). While classic topologies generate erratic bias currents that are totally different from the expected value once EMI is injected into the circuit, this new topology succeeds in producing the same fixed dc current, whether EMI is present or not. Extra filtering requiring small on-chip capacitors ensures that the ripple on the output current due to the interference remains at a very low value.

This paper deals with power line interference during the recording of biopotential signals. A scheme to improve biopotential signal acquisition as well as a new fully-differential self-biased neural recording amplifier design are presented. The operations of the proposed neural recording amplifier are discussed and evaluated by means of computer simulations.