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Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease, and one major cause of malignant hypertension (MHT) secondary to renal parenchymal disease. The clinical conditions and severity of renal lesion have been reported to be more serious when IgAN is accompanied by MHT, but risk factors of MHT in IgAN analyzed from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) perspective are still unclear. Objective To explore the TCM-related factors and pathogenesis associated with MHT in IgAN patients. Methods From 518 cases of primary IgAN who were diagnosed by renal biopsy in First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital during December 2013 to September 2021, a sample of 12 cases accompanied by MHT (IgAN-MHT group) computed by PASS 15.0 were selected for correlation power analysis, and they were matched at a ratio of 1∶5 with other randomly selected 85 cases without MHT (IgAN group) . Clinical, pathological and TCM syndromes between the two groups were compared. Lasso regression was used to screen 93 TCM syndromes, among which those with significant associations with IgAN-MHT were identified by multivariate Logistic regression. Results Compared with IgAN group, IgAN-MHT group had higher prevalence of headache and dizziness or nausea and vomiting as the first clinical manifestations, and clinically diagnosed nephrotic syndrome, higher levels of baseline mean arterial pressure, highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum inorganic phosphorus, serum magnesium, and quantitatively estimated 24-hour urinary protein excretion, higher prevalence of CKD stages 3-5, blood stasis syndrome, subtypes of qi-deficiency syndromes (including mental fatigue and lack of strength, limb fatigue, tibia and leg weakness, dizziness, headache with nausea, and vomiting) , subtypes of yin-deficiency syndromes (including blurred vision and eye floaters) , subtypes of blood stasis syndromes (including nail cyanosis, and dark purple tongue) , and intrarenal arteriosclerosis (P

Abstract Unsteady RANS (URANS), hybrid LES/RANS and IDDES simulations were conducted to numerically investigate the velocity field around, and pressures distribution and forces over a square cylinder immersed in a uniform, steady oncoming flow with Reynolds number Re = 21,400. The vortex shedding responses in terms of Strouhal number, the pressure distribution, the velocity profile and the velocity fluctuations obtained by numerical simulations are compared with experimental data. Compared with 2D URANS simulation, 3D simulations using hybrid LES/RANS and IDDES models provide more accurate prediction on the responses in the wake, including mean streamwise velocity profile and rms velocity fluctuations. This also results in more accurate prediction of time-averaged surface pressure coefficient on the rear surface obtained by 3D hybrid LES/RANS and IDDES simulations than by URANS simulation. When a hybrid LES/RANS model or IDDES model is used, a more accurate prediction for either pressure coefficient or velocity profile (especially in the far wake region) is not guaranteed by increasing the mesh resolution along the spanwise direction of the square cylinder.

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and hybrid large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of turbulent flow past an Aérospatiale A-Airfoil near stall at Rec=2.1×106, M=0.15, α=13.3 and a NACA 0012 airfoil under static stall conditions (Rec=1.0×106, M=0.1, a=16.7 deg) are described in this paper. In the flow past the A-Airfoil, comparisons with surface skin-friction coefficient and pressure coefficient distribution are generally in good agreement with experimental measurements. Comparisons with experimental velocity profile data and Reynolds-stress data are also generally favorable. Leading-edge laminar separation and turbulent reattachment is predicted when the Menter-Langtry correlation-based transition model is used in combination with either Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes or large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes strategies, but the level of trailing-edge separation is underpredicted, relative to experimental data and to results obtained without the inclusion of transition model. For the case of flow past a NACA 0012 airfoil under static stall conditions, results from the large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations exhibit a sensitivity to mesh refinement, with finer spanwise mesh resolution leading to light stall, characterized primarily by trailing-edge separation, and coarser spanwise mesh resolution leading to deep stall, characterized by the presence of a stabilized leading-edge vortex. Calculations that include wind-tunnel wall effects show better general agreement with experimental measurements but also display the aforementioned sensitivity to spanwise mesh refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of experimental parameters on the error levels associated with simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature using Molecular Tagging Velocimetry/Thermometry (MTV/T) was quantified via simulated images. Images were simulated using Gaussian profile laser lines. Noise was added to the images using a uniform random distribution and a Gaussian random distribution to simulate electronic noise and shot noise, respectively. The results showed that the error levels in the displacement and temperature measurements were inversely related for most experimental parameters including the laser line thickness, fluid temperature and image delay times. It is concluded that the dynamic range of the technique depends on the flow speeds and temperatures and must be determined for each experiment individually. Error levels, for 95% confidence, were found to be better than 0.3°C for temperature and 0.2 pixels for displacement for typical real-world experimental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the distribution of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its related factors., Methods: We enrolled 435 patients with DKD, who were not undergoing dialysis, admitted to the Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2020 to August 2021. Analysis of their TCM syndromes and related factors was carried out., Results: The 435 patients included 109, 117, 86, and 123 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-2, CKD3, CKD4, and CKD5 cases, respectively. With the progression of CKD1-5, the proportion of Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome, and that of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome showed a downward trend, whereas the proportion of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, water stagnation, and phlegm turbidity syndromes showed an upward trend; the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome was positively correlated with hemoglobin [odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.022, P = 0.005], albumin ( OR = 1.058, P = 0.006), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ( OR = 1.020, P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with male sex ( OR = 0.277, P = 0.004). Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with albumin ( OR = 1.056, P < 0.001) and eGFR ( OR = 1.008, P = 0.022) but negatively correlated with age ( OR = 0.977, P = 0.023). Liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with age ( OR = 1.028, P = 0.021) and glycosylated hemoglobin ( OR = 1.223, P = 0.007) but negatively correlated with total cholesterol ( OR = 0.792, P = 0.006). Spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was negatively correlated with hemoglobin ( OR = 0.977, P < 0.001), albumin ( OR = 0.891, P < 0.001), and eGFR ( OR = 0.978, P < 0.001) but positively correlated with high density lipoprotein ( OR = 3.376, P = 0.001)., Conclusion: With CKD1-5 progression, TCM syndromes changed from Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome to syndrome of deficiency of both Qi and Yin , liver-kidney Yin , and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndromes. TCM syndromes were correlated with laboratory test results.