73 results on '"Jinwei Xu"'
Search Results
2. Isolate sets partition benefits community detection of parallel Louvain method
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Hang Qie, Shijie Li, Yong Dou, Jinwei Xu, Yunsheng Xiong, and Zikai Gao
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Community detection is a vital task in many fields, such as social networks, and financial analysis, to name a few. The Louvain method, the main workhorse of community detection, is a popular heuristic method based on modularity. But it is difficult for the sequential Louvain method to deal with large-scale graphs. In order to overcome the drawback, researchers have proposed several parallel Louvain methods (Parallel Louvain Method, PLM), which suffer two challenges: (1) latency in the information synchronization and (2) communities swap. To tackle these two challenges, we propose a graph partition algorithm for the parallel Louvain method. Different from existing graph partition algorithms, our graph partition algorithm divides the graph into subgraphs called isolate sets, in which vertices are relatively decoupled from others, and the PLM computes and synchronizes information without delay and communities swap. We first describe concepts and properties of isolate sets. In the second place, we propose an algorithm to divide the graph into isolate sets, which enjoys the same computation complexity as the breadth-first search. Finally, we propose the isolate-set-based parallel Louvain method, which calculates and updates vertices information without latency and communities swap. We implement our method with OpenMP on an 8-cores PC. Experiments on 18 graphs show that our parallel method achieves a maximum 4.62 $$\times $$ × speedup compared with the sequential method, and outputs higher modularity on 14 graphs.
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- 2022
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3. Activation of basolateral amygdala to anterior cingulate cortex circuit alleviates MK-801 induced social and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia
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Xin Huang, Yaohao Li, Haiying Liu, Jinwei Xu, Zehua Tan, Haoyang Dong, Biqing Tian, Shengxi Wu, and Wenting Wang
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MK-801 ,schizophrenia ,anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ,basolateral amygdala (BLA) ,cognitive deficits ,social deficits ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
IntroductionSchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence worldwide, however, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood.Methods and resultsIn this study, we used the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 to induce schizophrenia-like behaviors and confirmed that mice exhibited stereotypic rotational behavior and hyperlocomotion, social interaction defects and cognitive dysfunction, similar to the clinical symptoms in patients. Here, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) were involved in the schizophrenia-like behaviors induced by MK-801. Furthermore, we confirmed BLA sent glutamatergic projection to the ACC. Chemogenetic and optogenetic regulation of BLA-ACC projecting neurons affected social and cognitive deficits but not stereotypic rotational behavior in MK-801-treated mice.DiscussionOverall, our study revealed that the BLA-ACC circuit plays a major role and may be a potential target for treating schizophrenia-related symptoms.
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- 2022
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4. The effects and mechanism of environmental enrichment on MK-801 induced cognitive impairment in rodents with schizophrenia
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Jinwei Xu, Yaohao Li, Biqing Tian, Haiying Liu, Shengxi Wu, and Wenting Wang
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schizophrenia ,environmental enrichment ,MK-801 ,cognitive symptoms ,mechanism ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Cognitive symptoms are a kind of symptoms with high incidence and great impact on patients. There is no effective treatment in clinical practice. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor hypofunction may be an important cause of cognitive symptoms. MK-801 (also named Dizocilpine), a noncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptor, is often used to construct a model of NMDA receptor dysfunction. In terms of treatment, environmental enrichment (EE) as an environmental intervention can effectively improve the symptoms of cognitive impairment in rodents. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the background of cognitive symptoms and EE in schizophrenia, and then investigate the manifestations of MK-801 induced cognitive impairment, the improvement of EE on these cognitive impairments based on the MK-801 induced schizophrenia rodent models, and the possible mechanism of EE in improving cognitive symptoms. This article reviews the literature in recent years, which provides an important reference for MK-801 to construct a cognitive symptom model of schizophrenia and the mechanism of EE in improving cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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- 2022
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5. A Simplified Speaker Recognition System Based on FPGA Platform
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Jinwei Xu, Shijie Li, Jingfei Jiang, and Yong Dou
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Speaker recognition ,1D convolution neural networks ,pyramid pipeline ,folding pipeline ,FPGA ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Speaker recognition is a crucial bio-identification technology, which is extensively used in our daily life. With the development of deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are applied to speaker recognition tasks given their excellent performance. However, in real life, speaker recognition systems are frequently deployed on end-devices. Therefore, while obtaining recognition accuracy, the model of speaker recognition is expected to be as simple as possible. Inspired by 1-max pooling CNN and Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM), this study proposes a one dimension convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) on the basis of original 2D CNN. The proposed model reduces the computational complexity of ResNet20 by 64% and the amount of parameters by 53%. In comparison with the original ResNet20 models, the recognition accuracy will be reduced by about one percent on the 15s data set. Then, on the basis of the 1D CNN, we propose a pyramid layer-folding pipeline structure and implement it on the Xilinx VC709 platform. According to the time-dimension partition, the proposed pyramid pipeline structure can process speech data of various lengths. Moreover, our accelerator is 5.1× faster on 3s dataset and 6.8× quicker on 15s dataset than those of the CPU platform.
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- 2020
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6. Electrotunable liquid sulfur microdroplets
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Guangmin Zhou, Ankun Yang, Yifei Wang, Guoping Gao, Allen Pei, Xiaoyun Yu, Yangying Zhu, Linqi Zong, Bofei Liu, Jinwei Xu, Nian Liu, Jinsong Zhang, Yanxi Li, Lin-Wang Wang, Harold Y. Hwang, Mark L. Brongersma, Steven Chu, and Yi Cui
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Science - Abstract
Manipulating liquids with tunable shape and optical functionalities in real time remains a great challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate electrotunable liquid sulfur microdroplets in an electrochemical cell and tune its characteristics in a fast, repeatable, and controlled manner.
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- 2020
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7. Dissection of the relationship between anxiety and stereotyped self-grooming using the Shank3B mutant autistic model, acute stress model and chronic pain model
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Haiying Liu, Xin Huang, Jinwei Xu, Honghui Mao, Yaohao Li, Keke Ren, Guaiguai Ma, Qian Xue, Huiren Tao, Shengxi Wu, and Wenting Wang
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Stereotyped self-grooming ,Anxiety ,Shank3 ,Restraint ,Inflammatory pain ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 ,Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,QP351-495 - Abstract
Self-grooming is an innate, cephalo-caudal progression of body cleaning behaviors that are found in normal rodents but exhibit repetitive and stereotyped patterns in several mouse models, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It is also recognized as a marker of stress and anxiety. Mice with Shank3B gene knockout (KO) exhibit typical ASD-like behavioral abnormalities, including stereotyped self-grooming and increased levels of anxiety. However, the exact relationship between anxiety and stereotyped self-grooming in certain types of animal models is not clear. We selected three animal models with high anxiety to compare their self-grooming parameters. First, we confirmed that Shank3B KO mice (ASD model), acute restraint stress mouse model (stress model), and chronic inflammatory pain mouse model (pain model) all showed increased anxiety levels in the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM). We found that only the ASD model and the stress model produced increased total grooming duration. The pain model only exhibited an increasing trend of mean self-grooming duration. We used the grooming analysis algorithm to examine the self-grooming microstructure and assess the cephalo-caudal progression of grooming behavior. The results showed distinct self-grooming microstructures in these three models. The anxiolytic drug diazepam relieved the anxiety level and the total time of grooming in the ASD and stress models. The grooming microstructure was not restored in Shank3B KO mice but was partially relieved in the stress model, which suggested that anxiety aggravated stereotyped self-grooming duration but not the grooming microstructure in the ASD mouse model. Our results indicated that stereotyped behavior and anxiety may be shared by separate, but interacting, neural circuits in distinct disease models, which may be useful to understand the mechanisms and develop potential treatments for stereotyped behaviors and anxiety.
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- 2021
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8. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry
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Jinwei Xu, Chong Liu, Po-Chun Hsu, Jie Zhao, Tong Wu, Jing Tang, Kai Liu, and Yi Cui
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Science - Abstract
Soil pollution by heavy metals is a problem of global concern, requiring the development of remediation technologies. Here the authors report a method based on asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry, which enables recycling of soil washing chemicals and eliminates secondary pollution.
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- 2019
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9. Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries
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Yangying Zhu, Jin Xie, Allen Pei, Bofei Liu, Yecun Wu, Dingchang Lin, Jun Li, Hansen Wang, Hao Chen, Jinwei Xu, Ankun Yang, Chun-Lan Wu, Hongxia Wang, Wei Chen, and Yi Cui
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Science - Abstract
Operation of lithium batteries at high, non-uniform temperatures can lead to safety issues, but the effects of localized high temperatures are difficult to probe. Here the authors use micro-Raman spectroscopy to show that local-temperature hotspots can induce lithium metal growth and trigger circuit shorting.
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- 2019
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10. GBCNN: A Full GPU-Based Batch Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks
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Shijie Li, Yong Dou, Jinwei Xu, Ke Yang, and Rongchun Li
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CNN ,GPU ,face detection ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Recently, the face detection and alignment is so popular and widely used in many research and application fields. Many superior face detection algorithms such as multi-task cascade convolutional network have been presented. However, it has difficulty in predicting faces among the big scale images in real time due to its three stages cascade architecture with less optimization. In this paper, we propose a full GPU-based batch multi-task cascade convolutional network which is carefully designed and optimized in each step to gain a superior speed performance. In addition, we present a novel parallel memory allocation strategy, which further enables our algorithm to support the batch operation, so that the system throughput increases significantly. In the experiment, our method achieves up to 300fps, over 600% speedup with an equal accuracy over the state-of-the-art methods on the face detection benchmarks.
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- 2019
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11. Recurrent Neural Network Based Link Quality Prediction for Fluctuating Low Power Wireless Links
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Ming Xu, Wei Liu, Jinwei Xu, Yu Xia, Jing Mao, Cheng Xu, Shunren Hu, and Daqing Huang
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low power wireless links ,link quality prediction ,recurrent neural network ,link quality indicator ,time series ,temporal correlation ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
One of the main methods for link quality prediction is to predict the physical layer parameters first, and then evaluate the link quality based on the mapping models between such parameters and packet reception ratio (PRR). However, existing methods often ignore the temporal correlations of physical layer parameter series and rarely consider the influence of link fluctuations, which lead to more errors under moderate and sudden changed links with larger fluctuations. In view of these problems, this paper proposes a more effective link quality prediction method RNN-LQI, which adopts Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to predict the Link Quality Indicator (LQI) series, and then evaluates the link quality according to the fitting model of LQI and PRR. This method accurately mines the inner relationship among LQI series with the help of short-term memory characteristics of RNN and effectively deals with link fluctuations by taking advantage of the higher resolution of LQI in the transitional region. Compared with similar methods, RNN-LQI proves to be better under different link qualities. Especially under moderate and sudden changed links with larger fluctuations, the prediction error reduces at least by 14.51% and 13.37%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method is more suitable for low power wireless links with more fluctuations.
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- 2022
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12. Core–Shell Nanofibrous Materials with High Particulate Matter Removal Efficiencies and Thermally Triggered Flame Retardant Properties
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Kai Liu, Chong Liu, Po-Chun Hsu, Jinwei Xu, Biao Kong, Tong Wu, Rufan Zhang, Guangmin Zhou, William Huang, Jie Sun, and Yi Cui
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2018
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13. Publication Culture of Foreign Language Education Journals in China
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Shi, Ling, Wenyu, Wang, and Jinwei, Xu
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- 2005
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14. Electrified Operando-Freezing of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Cells for Cryogenic Electron Microscopy
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Yanbin Li, Yunzhi Liu, Zewen Zhang, Weijiang Zhou, Jinwei Xu, Yusheng Ye, Yucan Peng, Xin Xiao, Wah Chiu, Robert Sinclair, Yuzhang Li, and Yi Cui
- Abstract
The ability to freeze and stabilize reaction intermediates in their metastable states and obtain their structural and chemical information with high spatial resolution would be very powerful to unravel the fundamentals in many important materials technologies such as catalysis and batteries. Here, we develop an electrified operando-freezing methodology for the first time to preserve these metastable states under electrochemical reaction conditions for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging and spectroscopy. Using Cu catalysts for CO2 reduction as a model system, we observe restructuring of the Cu catalyst in a CO2 atmosphere while the same catalyst remains intact in an air atmosphere at the nanometer scale. Furthermore, we discover the existence of single valance Cu (1+) state and C-O bonding at the electrified liquid-solid interface of the operando-frozen samples, which are key reaction intermediates that traditional ex situ measurements fail to detect. This work highlights our novel technique to study the local structure and chemistry of electrified liquid-solid interfaces, which has broad impact for many electrochemical reactions.
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- 2023
15. Sensitive, portable heavy-metal-ion detection by the sulfidation method on a superhydrophobic concentrator (SPOT)
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Tong Wu, Jinwei Xu, Hiang Kwee Lee, Lien-Yang Chou, Hansen Wang, Xin Xiao, Wenxiao Huang, Bofei Liu, Yusheng Ye, Ankun Yang, Fang Liu, Yucan Peng, Yi Cui, Jiangyan Wang, and Xin Gao
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Pollutant ,Cost effectiveness ,business.industry ,Water pollutants ,Sulfidation ,Concentrator ,Visual detection ,Metal poisoning ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental science ,Process engineering ,business ,Severe toxicity ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Summary One in three people worldwide does not have access to safe drinking water. Notably, heavy-metal ions (HMIs) are major water pollutants threatening human health because of their severe toxicity, even at trace levels. Efficient HMI detection thus plays a major defense against metal poisoning by enabling early pollution warning and efficient regulatory enforcement. However, it remains a formidable challenge to accurately detect these pollutants on site at ultratrace levels in a cost- or time-effective manner. Here, we introduce an efficient, portable sensor to concurrently quantify five different HMIs down to the sub-nanomolar level by sulfiding them on a superhydrophobic surface. Sulfidation serves as a colorimetric reaction while the superhydrophobic surface concentrates analytes for sensitive visual detection. Our superhydrophobic concentrator (SPOT) sensor can be made portable by being integrated with a smartphone application to quantify HMIs in
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- 2021
16. Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium Batteries Revealed by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy
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William Y. C. Huang, Yuzhang Li, Jinwei Xu, Wah Chiu, Wenxiao Huang, Jinlong Yang, Yanbin Li, Yi Cui, Zewen Zhang, Weijiang Zhou, and Hansen Wang
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Battery (electricity) ,Materials science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Electrolyte ,engineering.material ,Cathode ,Lithium-ion battery ,law.invention ,Anode ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Coating ,law ,Electrode ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Lithium - Abstract
Summary Cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), the intimate coating layer formed on the positive electrode, has been thought to be critical. However, many aspects of CEI remain unclear. This originates from the lack of effective tools to characterize structural and chemical properties of these sensitive interphases at nanoscale. Here, we develop a protocol to preserve the native state and directly visualize the interface on the positive electrode using cryogenic electron microscopy. We find that under normal operation conditions, there does not exist an intimate coating layer at the single-particle level in carbonate-based electrolyte. However, upon brief external electrical shorting, a solid-electrolyte interphase, which usually forms on anodes, could form on cathodes and be electrochemically converted into a stable, conformal CEI in situ. The conformal CEI helps improve Coulombic efficiency and overall capacity retention of the battery. This generates a different perspective of CEI in commercial carbonate-based electrolytes than previously understood.
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- 2021
17. Resolve cathode electrolyte interphase in lithium batteries with cryo-EM
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Yanbin Li, William Huang, Jinlong Yang, Wah Chiu, Zewen Zhang, Yi Cui, Jinwei Xu, Weijiang Zhou, Hansen Wang, Wenxiao Huang, and Yuzhang Li
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Materials science ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Cryo-electron microscopy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Lithium ,Interphase ,Electrolyte ,Instrumentation ,Cathode ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
18. Designing a Nanoscale Three-phase Electrochemical Pathway to Promote Pt-catalyzed Formaldehyde Oxidation
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Baoliang Chen, Hiang Kwee Lee, William A. Mitch, Jun Li, Zewen Zhang, Yangying Zhu, Yi Cui, Jinwei Xu, Wenxiao Huang, Hansen Wang, David T. Boyle, Xin Xiao, Yecun Wu, and Yuzhang Li
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Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Formaldehyde ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Electrolyte ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,Electrochemistry ,Chemical reaction ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Petrochemical ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Mass transfer ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Gas-phase heterogeneous catalysis is a process spatially constrained on the two-dimensional surface of a solid catalyst. Here, we introduce a new toolkit to open up the third dimension. We discovered that the activity of a solid catalyst can be dramatically promoted by covering its surface with a nanoscale-thin layer of liquid electrolyte while maintaining efficient delivery of gas reactants, a strategy we call three-phase catalysis. Introducing the liquid electrolyte converts the original surface catalytic reaction into an electrochemical pathway with mass transfer facilitated by free ions in a three-dimensional space. We chose the oxidation of formaldehyde as a model reaction and observed a 25000-times enhancement in the turnover frequency of Pt in three-phase catalysis as compared to conventional heterogeneous catalysis. We envision three-phase catalysis as a new dimension for catalyst design and anticipate its applications in more chemical reactions from pollution control to the petrochemical industry.
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- 2020
19. Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity
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Yayuan Liu, Allen Pei, Hansen Wang, Yi Cui, Fang Liu, Yanbin Li, William Y. C. Huang, Zewen Zhang, David T. Boyle, Yusheng Ye, Jinwei Xu, Yangying Zhu, Hongxia Wang, Sang Cheol Kim, and Jun Li
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Battery (electricity) ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Intercalation (chemistry) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Metal ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,visual_art ,Plating ,Physical Sciences ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Lithium ,Graphite ,Short circuit - Abstract
Significance Metallic lithium plating on the graphite anode is a predominant cause for capacity decays during the fast charging of lithium-ion batteries. This work studies the lithium-plating phenomenon in a previously neglected thermodynamic perspective, taking into account practical temperature distributions within batteries. We show that elevated temperatures could enhance the equilibrium potential of Li 0 /Li + , making local lithium plating more thermodynamically favorable. Furthermore, lithium-plating patterns are correlated with temperature heterogeneities, confirming the preferential lithium plating at high-temperature regions due to both kinetic and thermodynamic origins. These findings provide possible explanations of the heterogeneous lithium-plating morphology, deepen the understandings on the lithium plating phenomenon, and will guide future strategies to realize the extreme fast charging of lithium-ion batteries.
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- 2020
20. Organic wastewater treatment by a single-atom catalyst and electrolytically produced H2O2
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Zhiyi Lu, Jinwei Xu, William Y. C. Huang, Yanbin Li, Guangxu Chen, Djordje Vuckovic, Hansen Wang, Kecheng Wang, Zewen Zhang, Zhiping Feng, Yuanqing Li, James K. Chen, Sheng Dai, Yi Cui, William A. Mitch, and Xueli Zheng
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Global and Planetary Change ,Electrolysis ,Materials science ,Ecology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Radical ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Graphitic carbon nitride ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,law.invention ,Renewable energy ,Catalysis ,Urban Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Sewage treatment ,business ,Filtration ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Food Science - Abstract
The presence of organic contaminants in wastewater poses considerable risks to the health of both humans and ecosystems. Although advanced oxidation processes that rely on highly reactive radicals to destroy organic contaminants are appealing treatment options, substantial energy and chemical inputs limit their practical applications. Here we demonstrate that Cu single atoms incorporated in graphitic carbon nitride can catalytically activate H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals at pH 7.0 without energy input, and show robust stability within a filtration device. We further design an electrolysis reactor for the on-site generation of H2O2 from air, water and renewable energy. Coupling the single-atom catalytic filter and the H2O2 electrolytic generator in tandem delivers a wastewater treatment system. These findings provide a promising path toward reducing the energy and chemical demands of advanced oxidation processes, as well as enabling their implementation in remote areas and isolated communities.
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- 2020
21. A Simplified Speaker Recognition System Based on FPGA Platform
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Yong Dou, Shijie Li, Jinwei Xu, and Jingfei Jiang
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General Computer Science ,Computer science ,Speech recognition ,Gaussian ,Pipeline (computing) ,1D convolution neural networks ,02 engineering and technology ,Convolutional neural network ,folding pipeline ,symbols.namesake ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,Pyramid (image processing) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Field-programmable gate array ,FPGA ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,General Engineering ,Speaker recognition ,symbols ,Artificial intelligence ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,pyramid pipeline ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
Speaker recognition is a crucial bio-identification technology, which is extensively used in our daily life. With the development of deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are applied to speaker recognition tasks given their excellent performance. However, in real life, speaker recognition systems are frequently deployed on end-devices. Therefore, while obtaining recognition accuracy, the model of speaker recognition is expected to be as simple as possible. Inspired by 1-max pooling CNN and Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM), this study proposes a one dimension convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) on the basis of original 2D CNN. The proposed model reduces the computational complexity of ResNet20 by 64% and the amount of parameters by 53%. In comparison with the original ResNet20 models, the recognition accuracy will be reduced by about one percent on the 15s data set. Then, on the basis of the 1D CNN, we propose a pyramid layer-folding pipeline structure and implement it on the Xilinx VC709 platform. According to the time-dimension partition, the proposed pyramid pipeline structure can process speech data of various lengths. Moreover, our accelerator is 5.1× faster on 3s dataset and 6.8× quicker on 15s dataset than those of the CPU platform.
- Published
- 2020
22. Electrotunable liquid sulfur microdroplets
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Guoping Gao, Yanxi Li, Mark L. Brongersma, Allen Pei, Bofei Liu, Yifei Wang, Jinwei Xu, Xiaoyun Yu, Linqi Zong, Jinsong Zhang, Lin-Wang Wang, Ankun Yang, Harold Y. Hwang, Yangying Zhu, Steven Chu, Guangmin Zhou, Nian Liu, and Yi Cui
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Battery (electricity) ,Materials science ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Electrochemical cell ,Electrochemistry ,Optical materials and structures ,lcsh:Science ,Microlens ,Multidisciplinary ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Sulfur ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Electrowetting ,Materials chemistry ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Manipulating liquids with tunable shape and optical functionalities in real time is important for electroactive flow devices and optoelectronic devices, but remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate electrotunable liquid sulfur microdroplets in an electrochemical cell. We observe electrowetting and merging of sulfur droplets under different potentiostatic conditions, and successfully control these processes via selective design of sulfiphilic/sulfiphobic substrates. Moreover, we employ the electrowetting phenomena to create a microlens based on the liquid sulfur microdroplets and tune its characteristics in real time through changing the shape of the liquid microdroplets in a fast, repeatable, and controlled manner. These studies demonstrate a powerful in situ optical battery platform for unraveling the complex reaction mechanism of sulfur chemistries and for exploring the rich material properties of the liquid sulfur, which shed light on the applications of liquid sulfur droplets in devices such as microlenses, and potentially other electrotunable and optoelectronic devices., Manipulating liquids with tunable shape and optical functionalities in real time remains a great challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate electrotunable liquid sulfur microdroplets in an electrochemical cell and tune its characteristics in a fast, repeatable, and controlled manner.
- Published
- 2020
23. Dissection of the relationship between anxiety and stereotyped self-grooming using the Shank3B mutant autistic model, acute stress model and chronic pain model
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Shengxi Wu, Yaohao Li, Qian Xue, Huang Xin, Huiren Tao, Guaiguai Ma, Wenting Wang, Haiying Liu, Jinwei Xu, Honghui Mao, and Keke Ren
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Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,Elevated plus maze ,Stereotyped self-grooming ,Physiology ,Inflammatory pain ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Disease ,Anxiety ,Restraint ,Biochemistry ,Open field ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Endocrinology ,medicine ,Original Research Article ,RC346-429 ,Molecular Biology ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,QP351-495 ,fungi ,Chronic pain ,medicine.disease ,Shank3 ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Autism ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Diazepam ,Neuroscience ,human activities ,psychological phenomena and processes ,medicine.drug ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Self-grooming is an innate, cephalo-caudal progression of body cleaning behaviors that are found in normal rodents but exhibit repetitive and stereotyped patterns in several mouse models, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). It is also recognized as a marker of stress and anxiety. Mice with Shank3B gene knockout (KO) exhibit typical ASD-like behavioral abnormalities, including stereotyped self-grooming and increased levels of anxiety. However, the exact relationship between anxiety and stereotyped self-grooming in certain types of animal models is not clear. We selected three animal models with high anxiety to compare their self-grooming parameters. First, we confirmed that Shank3B KO mice (ASD model), acute restraint stress mouse model (stress model), and chronic inflammatory pain mouse model (pain model) all showed increased anxiety levels in the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM). We found that only the ASD model and the stress model produced increased total grooming duration. The pain model only exhibited an increasing trend of mean self-grooming duration. We used the grooming analysis algorithm to examine the self-grooming microstructure and assess the cephalo-caudal progression of grooming behavior. The results showed distinct self-grooming microstructures in these three models. The anxiolytic drug diazepam relieved the anxiety level and the total time of grooming in the ASD and stress models. The grooming microstructure was not restored in Shank3B KO mice but was partially relieved in the stress model, which suggested that anxiety aggravated stereotyped self-grooming duration but not the grooming microstructure in the ASD mouse model. Our results indicated that stereotyped behavior and anxiety may be shared by separate, but interacting, neural circuits in distinct disease models, which may be useful to understand the mechanisms and develop potential treatments for stereotyped behaviors and anxiety.
- Published
- 2021
24. Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Fixation, Including the Fractured Vertebra, Combined with Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Treatment of Acute Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Compression Fracture in Middle-Age and Elderly Individuals
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shan Chen, hong liu, liming Xiang, weifeng Shi, guanrong Sun, and jinwei Xu
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Percutaneous vertebroplasty ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Fracture (geology) ,Pedicle screw fixation ,Compression (physics) ,Fractured vertebra ,business ,Middle age ,Surgery - Abstract
Background: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of minimally invasive pedicle screw (MIPS) fixation, including the fractured vertebra, combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for the treatment of acute thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture in middle-age and elderly individuals.Methods: Between January 2016 and August 2019, a total of 30 patients, with a mean age of 69.4 years (range, 58–75 years), who experienced thoracic or lumbar fracture without neurological deficits, underwent the MIPS procedure combined with PVP. Preoperative and postoperative pain were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Cobb angles and anterior column height were measured on lateral radiographs before surgery and at 3 days, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 and 2 years at final follow-up after surgery.Results: All patients underwent surgery successfully, with a mean follow-up of 18.2 ± 5.7 months (range, 12–45 months). Mean preoperative VAS score decreased from 7.3±2.2 to 1.4±0.3 at the final follow-up (pppConclusions: MIPS, including the fractured vertebra, combined with PVP, was a reliable and safe procedure, with satisfactory clinical and radiological results for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture in patients without neurological deficits.
- Published
- 2021
25. Organic wastewater treatment by a single-atom catalyst and electrolytically produced H
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Jinwei, Xu, Xueli, Zheng, Zhiping, Feng, Zhiyi, Lu, Zewen, Zhang, William, Huang, Yanbin, Li, Djordje, Vuckovic, Yuanqing, Li, Sheng, Dai, Guangxu, Chen, Kecheng, Wang, Hansen, Wang, James K, Chen, William, Mitch, and Yi, Cui
- Subjects
Article - Abstract
The presence of organic contaminants in wastewater poses considerable risks to the health of both humans and ecosystems. Although advanced oxidation processes that rely on highly reactive radicals to destroy organic contaminants are appealing treatment options, substantial energy and chemical inputs limit their practical applications. Here we demonstrate that Cu single atoms incorporated in graphitic carbon nitride can catalytically activate H(2)O(2) to generate hydroxyl radicals at pH 7.0 without energy input, and show robust stability within a filtration device. We further design an electrolysis reactor for the on-site generation of H(2)O(2) from air, water and renewable energy. Coupling the single-atom catalytic filter and the H(2)O(2) electrolytic generator in tandem delivers a wastewater treatment system. These findings provide a promising path toward reducing the energy and chemical demands of advanced oxidation processes, as well as enabling their implementation in remote areas and isolated communities.
- Published
- 2021
26. Temperature Regulation in Colored Infrared-Transparent Polyethylene Textiles
- Author
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Shanhui Fan, Chenyu Zhou, Dingchang Lin, Yucan Peng, Lili Cai, Peilin Wu, Chenxing Zhou, Yi Cui, and Jinwei Xu
- Subjects
Nanocomposite ,Textile ,Materials science ,Radiative cooling ,business.industry ,Infrared ,Passive cooling ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Dissipation ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,General Energy ,Colored ,Thermal radiation ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Summary Effectively regulating heat flow between the human body and its environment not only increases thermal comfort but also presents a novel and potentially cost-effective approach to reducing building energy consumption. Infrared property-engineered textiles have been shown to passively regulate radiative heat dissipation for effective cooling and warming of the human body. However, a lack of dyes that can tune the textile color without compromising the infrared properties remains a major impediment to textile commercialization. Here, we report a new strategy utilizing inorganic nanoparticles as a coloring component for scalable brightly colored, infrared-transparent textiles. The as-fabricated composite textiles not only show a high infrared transparency of ∼80% and a passive cooling effect of ∼1.6°C–1.8°C but also exhibit intense visible colors with good stability against washing. This facile coloration approach will promote the commercialization of radiative cooling textiles in temperature-regulating wearable applications for effective energy savings.
- Published
- 2019
27. Breathing-Mimicking Electrocatalysis for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction
- Author
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Jun Li, Yi Cui, Yucan Peng, Xueli Zheng, Zewen Zhang, Wei Chen, Yangying Zhu, Zhiyi Lu, Steven Chu, Allen Pei, and Jinwei Xu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Oxygen evolution ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrolyte ,Overpotential ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrocatalyst ,01 natural sciences ,Redox ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,General Energy ,Chemical engineering ,Liquid bubble ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Summary Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and reduction reactions play a central role in clean energy technologies. Despite recent efforts to achieve fast gas reactant delivery to the reaction interface, efficient gas product evolution from the catalyst/electrolyte interface remains challenging. Inspired by the mammalian breathing process, here we developed an efficient electrocatalytic system to enable ample gas-solid-liquid three-phase contact lines and bidirectional gas pathways for evolution and consumption. During the oxygen evolution reaction, the newly formed O2 molecules quickly diffuse to the gas phase, waiving the bubble formation energy in the electrolyte. A record low overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA⋅cm−2 was achieved using Au/NiFeOx catalysts. During the oxygen reduction reaction, O2 gas can transport to the catalyst/electrolyte interface, overcoming low O2 solubility in water and leading to ∼25-fold higher current densities for Ag/Pt bilayer nanoparticle catalysts. This breathing-mimicking design demonstrates efficient three-phase catalysis with a minimal catalyst thickness.
- Published
- 2019
28. GBCNN: A Full GPU-Based Batch Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks
- Author
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Jinwei Xu, Yong Dou, Shijie Li, Ke Yang, and Rongchun Li
- Subjects
Imagination ,Speedup ,General Computer Science ,Scale (ratio) ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Engineering ,GPU ,Search engine ,Task (computing) ,face detection ,Computer engineering ,Cascade ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Face detection ,Throughput (business) ,lcsh:TK1-9971 ,CNN ,media_common - Abstract
Recently, the face detection and alignment is so popular and widely used in many research and application fields. Many superior face detection algorithms such as multi-task cascade convolutional network have been presented. However, it has difficulty in predicting faces among the big scale images in real time due to its three stages cascade architecture with less optimization. In this paper, we propose a full GPU-based batch multi-task cascade convolutional network which is carefully designed and optimized in each step to gain a superior speed performance. In addition, we present a novel parallel memory allocation strategy, which further enables our algorithm to support the batch operation, so that the system throughput increases significantly. In the experiment, our method achieves up to 300fps, over 600% speedup with an equal accuracy over the state-of-the-art methods on the face detection benchmarks.
- Published
- 2019
29. RFC-HyPGCN: A Runtime Sparse Feature Compress Accelerator for Skeleton-Based GCNs Action Recognition Model with Hybrid Pruning
- Author
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Yong Dou, Yang Zhao, Kang Wang, Jinwei Xu, Dong Wen, Jingfei Jiang, and Tao Xiao
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Speedup ,Computer science ,Dataflow ,Parallel computing ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Hardware Architecture (cs.AR) ,Feature (machine learning) ,Graph (abstract data type) ,Hardware acceleration ,Pruning (decision trees) ,Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC) ,Quantization (image processing) ,Computer Science - Hardware Architecture ,Throughput (business) - Abstract
Skeleton-based Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) models for action recognition have achieved excellent prediction accuracy in the field. However, limited by large model and computation complexity, GCNs for action recognition like 2s-AGCN have insufficient power-efficiency and throughput on GPU. Thus, the demand of model reduction and hardware acceleration for low-power GCNs action recognition application becomes continuously higher. To address challenges above, this paper proposes a runtime sparse feature compress accelerator with hybrid pruning method: RFC-HyPGCN. First, this method skips both graph and spatial convolution workloads by reorganizing the multiplication order. Following spatial convolution workloads channel-pruning dataflow, a coarse-grained pruning method on temporal filters is designed, together with sampling-like fine-grained pruning on time dimension. Later, we come up with an architecture where all convolutional layers are mapped on chip to pursue high throughput. To further reduce storage resource utilization, online sparse feature compress format is put forward. Features are divided and encoded into several banks according to presented format, then bank storage is split into depth-variable mini-banks. Furthermore, this work applies quantization, input-skipping and intra-PE dynamic data scheduling to accelerate the model. In experiments, proposed pruning method is conducted on 2s-AGCN, acquiring 3.0x-8.4x model compression ratio and 73.20\% graph-skipping efficiency with balancing weight pruning. Implemented on Xilinx XCKU-115 FPGA, the proposed architecture has the peak performance of 1142 GOP/s and achieves up to 9.19x and 3.91x speedup over high-end GPU NVIDIA 2080Ti and NVIDIA V100, respectively. Compared with latest accelerator for action recognition GCNs models, our design reaches 22.9x speedup and 28.93\% improvement on DSP efficiency., Comment: 8 pages, 2021 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Effects of impurities on stability of TiC, TaC and ZrC particles in tungsten
- Author
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Yu-Wei You, Jinwei Xuan, Kui Hou, Li Wang, Rong Yan, Dongdong Li, X.S. Kong, Xuebang Wu, and C.S. Liu
- Subjects
Plasma facing materials ,Tungsten ,Ab initio simulations ,Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,TK9001-9401 - Abstract
Titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC) and zirconium carbide (ZrC) in form of particles are widely added in W to improve its mechanical and anti-irradiation properties. However, TiC, TaC and ZrC particles are decomposed to Ti-C-O, Ta-C-O and Zr-C-O in W, respectively. To understand the micro-mechanisms, we carry out systematical simulations and find that the presence of impurities such as O, N, and P has great influence on the bond length and bond strength of Ti-C, Ta-C and Zr-C in W. The bond lengths of Ti-C, Ta-C and Zr-C are generally increased when O meets Ti-C, Ta-C and Zr-C. The bond strength of O to Ti-C, Ta-C and Zr-C is much larger than that of C to Ti-O, Ta-O and Zr-O. In contrast, N has little effect on the Ti-C bond, but has great influence on the Ta-C bond. P significantly increases Ta-C bond length, while its influence on Zr-C bond is negligible. The kinetics calculations elucidate that the diffusion barriers of C away from TiO are significantly increased by about 1 eV. It is very difficult for C to escape from TiO and ZrO, and it is also extremely difficult for O to escape from TiC, TaC and ZrC. This may be the reason why Ti-C-O, Ta-C-O, and Zr-C-O particles are found in W when TiC TaC and ZrC compounds are dispersed in W.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Dynamic spatial progression of isolated lithium during battery operations
- Author
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Fang Liu, Rong Xu, Yecun Wu, David Thomas Boyle, Ankun Yang, Jinwei Xu, Yangying Zhu, Yusheng Ye, Zhiao Yu, Zewen Zhang, Xin Xiao, Wenxiao Huang, Hansen Wang, Hao Chen, and Yi Cui
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
The increasing demand for next-generation energy storage systems necessitates the development of high-performance lithium batteries
- Published
- 2020
32. Air-Filtering Masks for Respiratory Protection from PM2.5 and Pandemic Pathogens
- Author
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Jinwei Xu, Xin Xiao, Wenbo Zhang, Rong Xu, Sang Cheol Kim, Yi Cui, Tyler T. Howard, and Esther Wu
- Subjects
Air filtration ,business.product_category ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Fine particulate ,air pollution ,Review ,PM2.5 ,law.invention ,law ,Pandemic ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Respirator ,Process engineering ,electrospinning ,Filtration ,General Environmental Science ,business.industry ,pandemic ,respirator ,air filtration ,Research opportunities ,meltblown ,mask ,Key factors ,Environmental science ,business - Abstract
Air-filtering masks, also known as respirators, protect wearers from inhaling fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in polluted air, as well as airborne pathogens during a pandemic, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Fibrous medium, used as the filtration layer, is the most essential component of an air-filtering mask. This article presents an overview of the development of fibrous media for air filtration. We first synthesize the literature on several key factors that affect the filtration performance of fibrous media. We then concentrate on two major techniques for fabricating fibrous media, namely, meltblown and electrospinning. In addition, we underscore the importance of electret filters by reviewing various methods for imparting electrostatic charge on fibrous media. Finally, this article concludes with a perspective on the emerging research opportunities amid the COVID-19 crisis., Considering that air pollution will continue to be a major health concern in newly industrialized countries and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may create lasting cultural shifts around the world to increase mask usages, the pursuit of more efficient and cost-effective masks will be a cornerstone to maintaining public health. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the historic development of air-filtering masks, identifies remaining knowledge gaps, and envisions emerging research opportunities amid the pressing challenges of air pollution and COVID-19.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Accelerating Event Detection with DGCNN and FPGAs
- Author
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Jingfei Jiang, Zhe Han, Yong Dou, Zhigang Kan, Jinwei Xu, and Linbo Qiao
- Subjects
accelerator ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Computation ,0206 medical engineering ,Graphics processing unit ,lcsh:TK7800-8360 ,02 engineering and technology ,Convolutional neural network ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,dilate gated convolutional neural network ,Field-programmable gate array ,FPGA ,Network model ,business.industry ,lcsh:Electronics ,Sigmoid function ,event detection ,Hardware and Architecture ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Signal Processing ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,020602 bioinformatics ,Computer hardware ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been widely used in natural language processing. However, DNNs are often computation-intensive and memory-expensive. Therefore, deploying DNNs in the real world is very difficult. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a network model based on the dilate gated convolutional neural network, which is very hardware-friendly. We further expanded the word representations and depth of the network to improve the performance of the model. We replaced the Sigmoid function to make it more friendly for hardware computation without loss, and we quantized the network weights and activations to compress the network size. We then proposed the first FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based event detection accelerator based on the proposed model. The accelerator significantly reduced the latency with the fully pipelined architecture. We implemented the accelerator on the Xilinx XCKU115 FPGA. The experimental results show that our model obtains the highest F1-score of 84.6% in the ACE 2005 corpus. Meanwhile, the accelerator achieved 95.2 giga operations (GOP)/s and 13.4 GOPS/W in performance and energy efficiency, which is 17/158 times higher than the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A low-latency LSTM accelerator using balanced sparsity based on FPGA
- Author
-
Jingfei Jiang, Tao Xiao, Jinwei Xu, Dong Wen, Lei Gao, and Yong Dou
- Subjects
Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Software - Published
- 2022
35. Onboard early detection and mitigation of lithium plating in fast-charging batteries
- Author
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Wenxiao Huang, Yusheng Ye, Hao Chen, Rafael A. Vilá, Andrew Xiang, Hongxia Wang, Fang Liu, Zhiao Yu, Jinwei Xu, Zewen Zhang, Rong Xu, Yecun Wu, Lien-Yang Chou, Hansen Wang, Junwei Xu, David Tomas Boyle, Yuzhang Li, and Yi Cui
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Fast-charging is considered as one of the most desired features needed for lithium-ion batteries to accelerate the mainstream adoption of electric vehicles. However, current battery charging protocols mainly consist of conservative rate steps to avoid potential hazardous lithium plating and its associated parasitic reactions. A highly sensitive onboard detection method could enable battery fast-charging without reaching the lithium plating regime. Here, we demonstrate a novel differential pressure sensing method to precisely detect the lithium plating event. By measuring the real-time change of cell pressure per unit of charge (dP/dQ) and comparing it with the threshold defined by the maximum of dP/dQ during lithium-ion intercalation into the negative electrode, the onset of lithium plating before its extensive growth can be detected with high precision. In addition, we show that by integrating this differential pressure sensing into the battery management system (BMS), a dynamic self-regulated charging protocol can be realized to effectively extinguish the lithium plating triggered by low temperature (0 °C) while the conventional static charging protocol leads to catastrophic lithium plating at the same condition. We propose that differential pressure sensing could serve as an early nondestructive diagnosis method to guide the development of fast-charging battery technologies.
- Published
- 2020
36. Supercooled liquid sulfur maintained in three-dimensional current collector for high-performance Li-S batteries
- Author
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Xiaoyun Yu, Chenwei Liu, Yecun Wu, Lin-Wang Wang, Guangmin Zhou, Jinwei Xu, Yi Cui, Ankun Yang, Kai Liu, Guoping Gao, Yusheng Ye, Zheng Liang, Yucan Peng, Yanxi Li, and Allen Pei
- Subjects
Battery (electricity) ,inorganic chemicals ,Phase transition ,Materials science ,Materials Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Electrochemistry ,Deposition (phase transition) ,Research Articles ,Multidisciplinary ,SciAdv r-articles ,Current collector ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Sulfur ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Electrode ,0210 nano-technology ,Carbon ,Research Article - Abstract
Supercooled liquid sulfur provides higher capacity, faster kinetics, and better cycling life compared to solid sulfur., In lithium-sulfur (Li-S) chemistry, the electrically/ionically insulating nature of sulfur and Li2S leads to sluggish electron/ion transfer kinetics for sulfur species conversion. Sulfur and Li2S are recognized as solid at room temperature, and solid-liquid phase transitions are the limiting steps in Li-S batteries. Here, we visualize the distinct sulfur growth behaviors on Al, carbon, Ni current collectors and demonstrate that (i) liquid sulfur generated on Ni provides higher reversible capacity, faster kinetics, and better cycling life compared to solid sulfur; and (ii) Ni facilitates the phase transition (e.g., Li2S decomposition). Accordingly, light-weight, 3D Ni-based current collector is designed to control the deposition and catalytic conversion of sulfur species toward high-performance Li-S batteries. This work provides insights on the critical role of the current collector in determining the physical state of sulfur and elucidates the correlation between sulfur state and battery performance, which will advance electrode designs in high-energy Li-S batteries.
- Published
- 2020
37. High performance robust audio event recognition system based on FPGA platform
- Author
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Yong Dou, Jinwei Xu, Jingfei Jiang, and Zhiqiang Liu
- Subjects
SIMPLE (military communications protocol) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Event recognition ,Pooling ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,01 natural sciences ,030507 speech-language pathology & audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Artificial Intelligence ,0103 physical sciences ,Scalability ,Feature (machine learning) ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Field-programmable gate array ,010301 acoustics ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,Host (network) ,Software ,Computer hardware - Abstract
Audio event recognition is applied in many novel application areas. Opposing the deep CNN, 1-max pooling CNN is a simple, but efficient CNN architecture for robust audio event recognition. This study proposes a parallel architecture to accelerate robust audio event recognition. To implement this in hardware, we evaluate the precision of 1-max pooling CNN model and propose an approximate algorithm to replace the complex calculation in spectral image feature (SIF) extraction. We then propose a scalable parallel structure of SIF extraction and 1-max pooling CNN. The SIF extraction unit has eight parallelisms and the 1-Max Pooling CNN accelerator has 40 processor elements (PEs) in our implementation. The entire system is implemented on the Xilinx VC709 board. The average performance of our FPGA accelerator is 675.7 fps under 100 MHz working frequency, which is about 31.9 × speed-up compare with CPU. We further implement a small-scale FPGA array with four Xilinx FPGA for robust audio event recognition. To communicate between the four FPGA and the host, we design a route protocol based on source route algorithm.
- Published
- 2018
38. Core–Shell Nanofibrous Materials with High Particulate Matter Removal Efficiencies and Thermally Triggered Flame Retardant Properties
- Author
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Tong Wu, Kai Liu, Guangmin Zhou, Po-Chun Hsu, Biao Kong, Yi Cui, Chong Liu, Rufan Zhang, William Huang, Jie Sun, and Jinwei Xu
- Subjects
Pressure drop ,Materials science ,Atmospheric pressure ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Particulates ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial waste ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,law ,0210 nano-technology ,Dust explosion ,QD1-999 ,Filtration ,Fire retardant ,Triphenyl phosphate ,Research Article - Abstract
Dust filtration is a crucial process for industrial waste gas treatment. Great efforts have been devoted to improve the performance of dust filtration filters both in industrial and fundamental research. Conventional air-filtering materials are limited by three key issues: (1) Low filtration efficiency, especially for particulate matter (PM) below 1 μm; (2) large air pressure drops across the filter, which require a high energy input to overcome; and (3) safety hazards such as dust explosions and fires. Here, we have developed a “smart” multifunctional material which can capture PM with high efficiency and an extremely low pressure drop, while possessing a flame retardant design. This multifunctionality is achieved through a core–shell nanofiber design with the polar polymer Nylon-6 as the shell and the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as the core. At 80% optical transmittance, the multifunctional materials showed capture efficiency of 99.00% for PM2.5 and >99.50% for PM10–2.5, with a pressure drop of only 0.25 kPa (0.2% of atmospheric pressure) at a flow rate of 0.5 m s–1. Moreover, during direct ignition tests, the multifunctional materials showed extraordinary flame retardation; the self-extinguishing time of the filtrate-contaminated filter is nearly instantaneous (0 s/g) compared to 150 s/g for unmodified Nylon-6., A “smart” air filter which can efficiently capture tiny particulate matters while possessing a flame retardant property is developed.
- Published
- 2018
39. A target image-oriented dictionary learning-based method for fully automated latent fingerprint forensic
- Author
-
Jinwei Xu, Xiuping Jia, and Jiankun Hu
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,business.industry ,Computer science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Latent fingerprint ,Image (mathematics) ,Computational Mathematics ,Fingerprint segmentation ,Fully automated ,Artificial Intelligence ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Dictionary learning - Published
- 2018
40. In Situ Investigation on the Nanoscale Capture and Evolution of Aerosols on Nanofibers
- Author
-
Guangmin Zhou, Bofei Liu, Allen Pei, Chong Liu, Yi Cui, Dingchang Lin, Tong Wu, Rufan Zhang, Po-Chun Hsu, Yayuan Liu, Xuanyi Huang, Wei Chen, Jie Sun, Yang Jin, Jinwei Xu, Ankun Yang, Wenting Zhao, Yangying Zhu, and Jin Xie
- Subjects
In situ ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Aerosol ,law.invention ,Contact angle ,law ,Nanofiber ,General Materials Science ,Wetting ,0210 nano-technology ,Nanoscopic scale ,Polyimide ,Filtration - Abstract
Aerosol-induced haze problem has become a serious environmental concern. Filtration is widely applied to remove aerosols from gas streams. Despite classical filtration theories, the nanoscale capture and evolution of aerosols is not yet clearly understood. Here we report an in situ investigation on the nanoscale capture and evolution of aerosols on polyimide nanofibers. We discovered different capture and evolution behaviors among three types of aerosols: wetting liquid droplets, nonwetting liquid droplets, and solid particles. The wetting droplets had small contact angles and could move, coalesce, and form axisymmetric conformations on polyimide nanofibers. In contrast, the nonwetting droplets had a large contact angle on polyimide nanofibers and formed nonaxisymmetric conformations. Different from the liquid droplets, the solid particles could not move along the nanofibers and formed dendritic structures. This study provides an important insight for obtaining a deep understanding of the nanoscale capture and evolution of aerosols and benefits future design and development of advanced filters.
- Published
- 2018
41. Thermal Management in Nanofiber-Based Face Mask
- Author
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Jinwei Xu, Guangmin Zhou, Yi Cui, Lili Cai, Po-Chun Hsu, Jiangyan Wang, Ankun Yang, Rufan Zhang, and Hongxia Wang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Radiative cooling ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Coating ,General Materials Science ,Fiber ,business.industry ,Nanoporous ,Mechanical Engineering ,Thermal comfort ,General Chemistry ,Particulates ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanofiber ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Face masks are widely used to filter airborne pollutants, especially when particulate matter (PM) pollution has become a serious concern to public health. Here, the concept of thermal management is introduced into face masks for the first time to enhance the thermal comfort of the user. A system of nanofiber on nanoporous polyethylene (fiber/nanoPE) is developed where the nanofibers with strong PM adhesion ensure high PM capture efficiency (99.6% for PM2.5) with low pressure drop and the nanoPE substrate with high-infrared (IR) transparency (92.1%, weighted based on human body radiation) results in effective radiative cooling. We further demonstrate that by coating nanoPE with a layer of Ag, the fiber/Ag/nanoPE mask shows a high IR reflectance (87.0%) and can be used for warming purposes. These multifunctional face mask designs can be explored for both outdoor and indoor applications to protect people from PM pollutants and simultaneously achieve personal thermal comfort.
- Published
- 2017
42. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry
- Author
-
Jing Tang, Yi Cui, Chong Liu, Po-Chun Hsu, Jinwei Xu, Kai Liu, Jie Zhao, and Tong Wu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pollution ,Pollution remediation ,Environmental remediation ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrochemistry ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Soil ,03 medical and health sciences ,Engineering ,law ,Metals, Heavy ,Soil retrogression and degradation ,Soil Pollutants ,lcsh:Science ,Environmental Restoration and Remediation ,media_common ,Cadmium ,Multidisciplinary ,Environmental engineering ,Agriculture ,General Chemistry ,Energy consumption ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Soil contamination ,Chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Lead ,chemistry ,Feasibility Studies ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,Alternating current ,Copper - Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals constitutes an important environmental problem, whereas field applicability of existing remediation technologies has encountered numerous obstacles, such as long operation time, high chemical cost, large energy consumption, secondary pollution, and soil degradation. Here we report the design and demonstration of a remediation method based on a concept of asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry that achieves high degrees of contaminant removal for different heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium) at different initial concentrations (from 100 to 10,000 ppm), all reaching corresponding regulation levels for residential scenario after rational treatment time (from 30 min to 6 h). No excessive nutrient loss in treated soil is observed and no secondary toxic product is produced. Long-term experiment and plant assay show the high sustainability of the method and its feasibility for agricultural use., Soil pollution by heavy metals is a problem of global concern, requiring the development of remediation technologies. Here the authors report a method based on asymmetrical alternating current electrochemistry, which enables recycling of soil washing chemicals and eliminates secondary pollution.
- Published
- 2019
43. Direct/Alternating Current Electrochemical Method for Removing and Recovering Heavy Metal from Water Using Graphene Oxide Electrode
- Author
-
Po-Chun Hsu, Jinwei Xu, Jing Tang, Jie Zhao, Chong Liu, Yi Cui, Jin Xie, Jie Sun, Kai Liu, Tong Wu, Ziwen Ye, and Dingchang Lin
- Subjects
Pollution ,Materials science ,Graphene ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Direct current ,General Engineering ,Oxide ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Industrial wastewater treatment ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,law ,Electrode ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,media_common - Abstract
Treatment of heavy-metal pollution in both point-of-use water and industrial wastewater is critical in protecting human health and the environment. Current methods for heavy-metal treatment in both sources have limitations. For point-of-use water, current methods usually suffer from limited capacity and difficulties in spontaneously removing multiple heavy metals. For industrial wastewater, current methods greatly reduce the value of heavy metal by precipitating them as sludge which requires further treatment. Here we developed an electrochemical method that can treat both low-concentration and high-concentration heavy-metal pollution using either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) electrodeposition with graphene-oxide-modified carbon felt electrode (CF-GO). The graphene oxide provides a high density of surface functional groups to assist the electrodeposition. The electrodeposition method showed 2 orders of magnitude higher capacity (>29 g heavy metal for 1 g of graphene oxide) compared with traditional adsorption methods. For low levels of heavy-metal pollution in point-of-use water, DC electrodeposition with a CF-GO electrode can reduce single heavy-metal ion pollution (Cu, Cd, and Pb) as well as multiple ion mixtures to below safe water drinking levels. This method can tolerate a much wider range of heavy-metal pollution in point-of-use water than traditional adsorption methods. For high-level pollution in industrial wastewater, AC electrodeposition can recover >99.9% heavy-metal ions. By tuning the AC frequency and voltage, the electrodeposition method can further selectively recover Cu, Cd, and Pb separately, which adds values to the heavy-metal removal process.
- Published
- 2019
44. Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries
- Author
-
Allen Pei, Yecun Wu, Wei Chen, Yangying Zhu, Ankun Yang, Jin Xie, Yi Cui, Jun Li, Dingchang Lin, Hongxia Wang, Hao Chen, Chun-Lan Wu, Hansen Wang, Bofei Liu, and Jinwei Xu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Battery (electricity) ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Thermal runaway ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Characterization and analytical techniques ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Batteries ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,General Chemistry ,Sense (electronics) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering physics ,Lithium battery ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Heat generation ,Lithium ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,Short circuit - Abstract
Fast-charging and high-energy-density batteries pose significant safety concerns due to high rates of heat generation. Understanding how localized high temperatures affect the battery is critical but remains challenging, mainly due to the difficulty of probing battery internal temperature with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce a method to induce and sense localized high temperature inside a lithium battery using micro-Raman spectroscopy. We discover that temperature hotspots can induce significant lithium metal growth as compared to the surrounding lower temperature area due to the locally enhanced surface exchange current density. More importantly, localized high temperature can be one of the factors to cause battery internal shorting, which further elevates the temperature and increases the risk of thermal runaway. This work provides important insights on the effects of heterogeneous temperatures within batteries and aids the development of safer batteries, thermal management schemes, and diagnostic tools., Operation of lithium batteries at high, non-uniform temperatures can lead to safety issues, but the effects of localized high temperatures are difficult to probe. Here the authors use micro-Raman spectroscopy to show that local-temperature hotspots can induce lithium metal growth and trigger circuit shorting.
- Published
- 2019
45. Wrinkled Graphene Cages as Hosts for High-Capacity Li Metal Anodes Shown by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy
- Author
-
Kecheng Wang, Hao Chen, Cheng Zhu, Zewen Zhang, Yi Cui, Allen Pei, Kai Yan, Hansen Wang, Jun Li, Yangying Zhu, Jin Xie, Yayuan Liu, Guangxu Chen, Yuzhang Li, Rafael A. Vilá, Dingchang Lin, Ankun Yang, Jinwei Xu, and Yanbin Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,Graphene ,Mechanical Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Electrolyte ,Conductivity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Anode ,law.invention ,Metal ,Amorphous carbon ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,law ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Lithium ,0210 nano-technology ,Faraday efficiency - Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal has long been considered the "holy grail" of battery anode chemistry but is plagued by low efficiency and poor safety due to its high chemical reactivity and large volume fluctuation, respectively. Here we introduce a new host of wrinkled graphene cage (WGC) for Li metal. Different from recently reported amorphous carbon spheres, WGC show highly improved mechanical stability, better Li ion conductivity, and excellent solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for continuous robust Li metal protection. At low areal capacities, Li metal is preferentially deposited inside the graphene cage. Cryogenic electron microscopy characterization shows that a uniform and stable SEI forms on the WGC surface that can shield the Li metal from direct exposure to electrolyte. With increased areal capacities, Li metal is plated densely and homogeneously into the outer pore spaces between graphene cages with no dendrite growth or volume change. As a result, a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ∼98.0% was achieved under 0.5 mA/cm
- Published
- 2019
46. A Novel Memory-Scheduling Strategy for Large Convolutional Neural Network on Memory-Limited Devices
- Author
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Shice Ni, Xin Niu, Yong Dou, Jinwei Xu, Ke Yang, Xiaolong Shen, Shijie Li, and Qiang Wang
- Subjects
General Computer Science ,Article Subject ,Computer science ,General Mathematics ,Wearable computer ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Convolutional neural network ,Bottleneck ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Machine Learning ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Deep Learning ,Memory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Field-programmable gate array ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Natural Language Processing ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Deep learning ,Process (computing) ,General Medicine ,Computer architecture ,Scalability ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,Neural Networks, Computer ,business ,Mobile device ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Algorithms ,Research Article - Abstract
Recently, machine learning, especially deep learning, has been a core algorithm to be widely used in many fields such as natural language processing, speech recognition, object recognition, and so on. At the same time, another trend is that more and more applications are moved to wearable and mobile devices. However, traditional deep learning methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and its variants consume a lot of memory resources. In this case, these powerful deep learning methods are difficult to apply on mobile memory-limited platforms. In order to solve this problem, we present a novel memory-management strategy called mmCNN in this paper. With the help of this method, we can easily deploy a trained large-size CNN on any memory size platform such as GPU, FPGA, or memory-limited mobile devices. In our experiments, we run a feed-forward CNN process in some extremely small memory sizes (as low as 5 MB) on a GPU platform. The result shows that our method saves more than 98% memory compared to a traditional CNN algorithm and further saves more than 90% compared to the state-of-the-art related work “vDNNs” (virtualized deep neural networks). Our work in this paper improves the computing scalability of lightweight applications and breaks the memory bottleneck of using deep learning method on memory-limited devices.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Research on accelerating CEE-DGCNN event extraction algorithm based on multi-CPU platform
- Author
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Jinfei Jiang, Yong Dou, Yan Li, Zikai Gao, Jinwei Xu, and Haifang Zhou
- Subjects
History ,Computer science ,Event (relativity) ,Real-time computing ,Extraction algorithm ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
With the development of the Internet, the volume of information is expanding rapidly, and the complex information makes it particularly important to extract information quickly and intelligently. Event extraction algorithm is such a kind of fast and accurate information acquisition algorithm. With the development of deep learning in recent years, deep learning also shines in the field of time extraction. CEE-DGCNN network is an efficient and accurate event extraction algorithm for Chinese text. At present, the acceleration research on deep learning in the academic community mainly focuses on GPU, FPGA and other platforms. In fact, compared with these platforms, CPU is more versatile. Considering that the algorithm should have universality and universality in industrial application, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of CEE-DGCNN algorithm to study its acceleration on CPU. Experiments were carried out on x86 and ARM architectures respectively, and good acceleration effects were achieved.
- Published
- 2021
48. One-pot synthesis of Bi2Se3 nanostructures with rationally tunable morphologies
- Author
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Jinwei Xu, Youcheng Wang, Yu Qian, Xianli Liu, Zhicheng Fang, Lin Lin, Chunmiao Ye, Chao Ma, and Jie Zeng
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Supersaturation ,Nanostructure ,Chemistry ,One-pot synthesis ,Recrystallization (metallurgy) ,Crystal growth ,Nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Amorphous solid ,Shape control ,General Materials Science ,Crystallite ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Shape control has proven to be a powerful and versatile means of tailoring the properties of Bi2Se3 nanostructures for a wide variety of applications. Here, three different Bi2Se3 nanostructures, i.e., spiral-type nanoplates, smooth nanoplates, and dendritic nanostructures, were prepared by manipulating the supersaturation level in the synthetic system. This mechanism study indicated that, at low supersaturation, defects in the crystal growth could cause a step edge upon which Bi2Se3 particles were added continuously, leading to the formation of spiral-type nanoplates. At intermediate supersaturation, the aggregation of amorphous Bi2Se3 particles and subsequent recrystallization resulted in the formation of smooth nanoplates. Furthermore, at high supersaturation, polycrystalline Bi2Se3 cores formed initially, on which anisotropic growth of Bi2Se3 occurred. This work not only advances our understanding of the growth mechanism but also offers a new approach to control the morphology of Bi2Se3 nanostructures.
- Published
- 2015
49. Inhibitory Effect of Tea (Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, Theaceae) Flower Extracts on Oleic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Hepg2 Cells
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Xinghai Zhang, Bo Li, Feng Jin, Youying Tu, Ying Gao, Xiaohui Liu, and Jinwei Xu
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Triglyceride ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,food and beverages ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ,medicine ,Camellia sinensis ,Carnitine ,Theaceae ,Steatosis ,Expectorant ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, Theaceae) flowers possess many physiological functions and have been used in traditional medicines for deodorization, skin care, cough suppressant and expectorant in China. However, there is little information about its effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, an oleic acid-induced HepG2 cell model of steatosis was established, and the anti-NAFLD effects of tea flowers and the related mechanisms were investigated. Three tea flower extracts, 40% TFE, 80% TFE and TFRE couldn’t prevent triglyceride (TG) accumulation in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells (p > 0.05), but significantly decreased the TG level in lipid-overloaded HepG2 cells after 48 h treatment (p 0.05), but up-regulated the mRNA level of carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (CPT) (p < 0.05). Moreover, tea flower extracts could significantly reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (p < 0.05). These results indicated tea flowers may be a potential natural resourse for the treatment of NAFLD.
- Published
- 2014
50. Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity.
- Author
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Hansen Wang, Yangying Zhu, Sang Cheol Kim, Allen Pei, Yanbin Li, Boyle, David T., Hongxia Wang, Zewen Zhang, Yusheng Ye, Huang, William, Yayuan Liu, Jinwei Xu, Jun Li, Fang Liu, and Yi Cuia
- Subjects
GRAPHITE ,LITHIUM-ion batteries ,TEMPERATURE distribution ,ANODES ,HETEROGENEITY ,PLATING - Abstract
Rechargeability and operational safety of commercial lithium (Li)- ion batteries demand further improvement. Plating of metallic Li on graphite anodes is a critical reason for Li-ion battery capacity decay and short circuit. It is generally believed that Li plating is caused by the slow kinetics of graphite intercalation, but in this paper, we demonstrate that thermodynamics also serves a crucial role. We show that a nonuniform temperature distribution within the battery can make local plating of Li above 0 V vs. Li0/Li+ (room temperature) thermodynamically favorable. This phenomenon is caused by temperature-dependent shifts of the equilibrium potential of Li0/Li+. Supported by simulation results, we confirm the likelihood of this failure mechanism during commercial Li-ion battery operation, including both slow and fast charging conditions. This work furthers the understanding of nonuniform Li plating and will inspire future studies to prolong the cycling lifetime of Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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