2,362 results on '"Johnson, Elizabeth"'
Search Results
2. Voices on the Margins: Libraries, Community Agency, and Black Public Spheres
- Author
-
Johnson, Elizabeth and Culverson, Donald
- Abstract
Scholars of library and information sciences have addressed the critical roles of libraries in energizing the public sphere, or the social spaces in which ideas and opinions are exchanged. But seldom is the discussion of race, racism, and marginalization examined in public libraries. The concept of the public sphere represents a critical foundation for examining the roles libraries play in illuminating voices in the civic culture of a society. Who is the public, and why are their voices important? How can libraries respond to the reconfiguration of contemporary publics? How should libraries engage in the production, organization, and distribution of information access? Drawing from public sphere perspectives, this paper explores not just how libraries can be more responsive to the changing political, economic, social and educational climates of the 21st century, but also how expanded conceptualization of public roles might contribute to democratic revitalization.
- Published
- 2022
3. A rapid theta network mechanism for flexible information encoding
- Author
-
Johnson, Elizabeth L, Lin, Jack J, King-Stephens, David, Weber, Peter B, Laxer, Kenneth D, Saez, Ignacio, Girgis, Fady, D’Esposito, Mark, Knight, Robert T, and Badre, David
- Subjects
Mental Health ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Neurosciences ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Neurological ,Humans ,Brain ,Memory ,Short-Term ,Corpus Striatum ,Neostriatum ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Brain Mapping - Abstract
Flexible behavior requires gating mechanisms that encode only task-relevant information in working memory. Extant literature supports a theoretical division of labor whereby lateral frontoparietal interactions underlie information maintenance and the striatum enacts the gate. Here, we reveal neocortical gating mechanisms in intracranial EEG patients by identifying rapid, within-trial changes in regional and inter-regional activities that predict subsequent behavioral outputs. Results first demonstrate information accumulation mechanisms that extend prior fMRI (i.e., regional high-frequency activity) and EEG evidence (inter-regional theta synchrony) of distributed neocortical networks in working memory. Second, results demonstrate that rapid changes in theta synchrony, reflected in changing patterns of default mode network connectivity, support filtering. Graph theoretical analyses further linked filtering in task-relevant information and filtering out irrelevant information to dorsal and ventral attention networks, respectively. Results establish a rapid neocortical theta network mechanism for flexible information encoding, a role previously attributed to the striatum.
- Published
- 2023
4. How sociolinguistic factors shape children’s subjective impressions of teacher quality
- Author
-
Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Buckler, Helen, and Johnson, Elizabeth K
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Cognitive and Computational Psychology ,Psychology ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Quality Education ,Adult ,Humans ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Speech Perception ,Australia ,Canada ,Language ,Linguistics ,Developmental social cognition ,accent-based biases ,gender-based biases ,teacher preferences ,developmental sociolinguistics ,student evaluations of teaching ,Cognitive Sciences ,Experimental Psychology ,Biological psychology ,Cognitive and computational psychology - Abstract
When university students are asked to rate their instructors, their evaluations are often influenced by the demographic characteristics of the instructor-such as the instructor's race, gender, or language background. These influences can manifest in unfair systematic biases against particular groups of teachers and hamper movements to promote diversity in higher education. When and how do these biases develop? Here, we begin to address these questions by examining children's sociolinguistic biases against teachers who speak with different accents. To do this, we presented 5-year-old Canadian English-speaking children with pairs of adult talkers. Children were asked to select "who they'd like to be their teacher" then they rated "how good of a teacher" they thought each talker would be on a 5-point scale. In each trial, one talker spoke in the locally dominant variety of Canadian English, and the other spoke in a different accent. Children strongly preferred Canadian-accented teachers over teachers who spoke with non-native (i.e., French or Dutch) accents, but also demonstrated a preference for Canadian teachers over teachers who spoke with non-local regional accents (i.e., Australian or British). In line with the binary choice data, children rated the Canadian talkers more favourably. The relationship between the gender of the teacher and the gender of the child also impacted ratings. This work demonstrates that even at the onset of formal education, children may already exhibit signs of accent-based biases. We discuss these findings in relation to the growing literature on implicit bias in higher education.
- Published
- 2023
5. The Influence of Accent Distance on Perceptual Adaptation in Toddlers and Adults
- Author
-
Cooper, Angela, Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Bordignon, Caterina, and Johnson, Elizabeth K
- Subjects
Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing ,Cognitive Sciences ,Linguistics - Published
- 2023
6. Environmental Exposures and Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Mixture Analysis in the Nurses Health Study II.
- Author
-
Li, Huichu, Hart, Jaime, Mahalingaiah, Shruthi, Nethery, Rachel, James, Peter, Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth, Eliassen, A, and Laden, Francine
- Subjects
Adult ,Female ,Humans ,Air Pollutants ,Anti-Mullerian Hormone ,Bayes Theorem ,Benzene ,Environmental Exposure ,Formaldehyde ,Nurses ,Particulate Matter ,Ultraviolet Rays - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have linked environmental exposures with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a marker of ovarian reserve. However, associations with multiple environment factors has to our knowledge not been addressed. METHODS: We included a total of 2,447 premenopausal women in the Nurses Health Study II (NHSII) who provided blood samples during 1996-1999. We selected environmental exposures linked previously with reproductive outcomes that had measurement data available in NHSII, including greenness, particulate matter, noise, outdoor light at night, ultraviolet radiation, and six hazardous air pollutants (1,3-butadiene, benzene, diesel particulate matter, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, and tetrachloroethylene). For these, we calculated cumulative averages from enrollment (1989) to blood draw and estimated associations with AMH in adjusted single-exposure models, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS: Single-exposure models showed negative associations of AMH with benzene (percentage reduction in AMH per interquartile range [IQR] increase = 5.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 9.8) and formaldehyde (6.1%, 95% CI = 1.6, 10). PCA identified four major exposure patterns but only one with high exposure to air pollutants and light at night was associated with lower AMH. Hierarchical BKMR pointed to benzene, formaldehyde, and greenness and suggested an inverse joint association with AMH (percentage reduction comparing all exposures at the 75th percentile to median = 8.2%, 95% CI = 0.7, 15.1). Observed associations were mainly among women above age 40. CONCLUSIONS: We found exposure to benzene and formaldehyde to be consistently associated with lower AMH levels. The associations among older women are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental exposures accelerate reproductive aging.
- Published
- 2023
7. Who saves the day? Challenging children's linguistic biases through exposure to foreign-accented cartoon heroes
- Author
-
Harris, Kaitlyn, St. Pierre, Thomas, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Linguistics ,Development ,Language and thought ,Social cognition - Abstract
Villains are disproportionately voiced with foreign accents in children’s media (Lippi-Green, 1997), and previous work has shown that children do indeed associate foreign accents with villains (St. Pierre & Johnson, 2022). Here, we investigate whether short-term exposure to foreign-accented heroes can mitigate this association. First, 7- to 9-year-old children (current n=112) watched a series of cartoon clips featuring either foreign-accented heroes or foreign-accented villains. Then, participants watched new clips in which foreign- and native-accented voice actors each performed both a hero and villain, and selected which character they thought each voice was best suited for. Preliminary results show that children were less likely to associate foreign accents with villains after exposure to foreign-accented heroes (compared to foreign-accented villains). These findings demonstrate how strongly language biases in children’s media can impact children’s attitudes, and suggest that more mindful programming might help reduce the development of negative social views towards foreign accents.
- Published
- 2023
8. Is It All or Nothing? The Other Accent Effect in Talker Recognition
- Author
-
Yu, Madeleine and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Linguistics ,Psychology ,Other ,Perception ,Speech recognition - Abstract
Listeners often have trouble identifying other-accented talkers. Some suggest this Other Accent Effect (OAE) occurs only for non-native accents (e.g., Canadian English listeners experience it for Mandarin-accented English, but not Australian English). But the line between native and non-native accents can be difficult to distinguish, and past studies have confounded accent strength with accent type. Thus, we hypothesize that accent strength modulates the OAE. We predict a heavy non-native accent will elicit an OAE, whereas a light one will not. To test this, we presented native Canadian English listeners with voice line-ups of native Canadian English accented, non-native heavy Mandarin-accented, and non-native light Mandarin-accented talkers. Unsurprisingly, listeners performed better with Canadian English talkers than Mandarin-accented talkers. Crucially, listeners performed equally poorly with both heavy and light Mandarin-accented talkers. Thus, we found no evidence for our hypothesis; instead, we observe that even a weak non-native accent can elicit a strong OAE.
- Published
- 2023
9. Effects of Accent Exposure on Monolingual and Bilingual Children’s Early Vocabulary Development
- Author
-
Fung, Priscilla, Buckler, Helen, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Linguistics ,Psychology ,Development ,Language acquisition - Abstract
Past studies have revealed that language experience impacts children’s vocabulary development. For example, bilingual children tend to have smaller vocabularies than monolingual children in each of their languages. However, it is unclear whether routine exposure to multiple accents also affects children’s vocabulary growth. Here, using standardized vocabulary assessments, we compared the reported vocabulary sizes of 11- to 34-month-old monolingual and bilingual children (N = 2881) who had various degrees of accent exposure. Our results show that routine exposure to multiple accents, regardless of accent type, does not negatively impact vocabulary development. Our findings suggest that children are well-equipped to handle language variation in their input.
- Published
- 2023
10. It Starts at Home: The Role of Parental Socialization on the Development of Gendered Speech
- Author
-
Fung, Priscilla, Schertz, Jessamyn, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Linguistics ,Psychology ,Development ,Language Production - Abstract
Past studies have shown that adult listeners can classify gender from children’s speech – long before anatomical differences between the sexes emerge. This suggests that gender differences in speaking style are learned early in life through socialization. Yet, no study to date has asked whether children also perceive gender cues in child speech. In Study 1, we found that 3.5- to 6-year-olds were able to detect gender from their age-matched peers’ speech, and that their performance was moderated by parents’ gender attitudes. In Study 2, we examine whether the effect of parental socialization is mirrored in children's production. We predicted that how easy children's gender can be perceived from their speech is moderated by parents’ gender attitudes. Our findings support our prediction. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sensitivity to gender cues emerges early in life, and that parental socialization contributes to the development of both gendered speech perception and production.
- Published
- 2023
11. The Emergence of the Other Accent Effect in Talker Recognition
- Author
-
Yu, Madeleine and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Psychology ,Development ,Language and thought ,Perception ,Social cognition - Abstract
Adults are more accurate at identifying own- than other-accented talkers (e.g., Stevenage, 2012). However, no study to date has examined when the Other Accent Effect (OAE) first emerges. Here, we use a voice line-up task to test 6- to 12-year-olds (N=59) on their ability to recognize own- (Canadian English) and other-accented (Japanese- or Mandarin-accented English) talkers. Own-accented talkers (M=0.77) were recognized better than other-accented talkers (M=0.61), p
- Published
- 2023
12. Finding your (child's) voice: Caregiver identification of familiar child voices
- Author
-
Shroads, Emily, Yu, Madeleine, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Other ,Speech recognition - Abstract
Previous research has shown that voices of unfamiliar young children are more difficult to differentiate and identify than the voices of adults. In the present study, we examine whether difficulty identifying child voices extends to cases in which those voices are highly familiar. Caregivers (n = 132) of 3.5- to 10-year-old children were presented with voice recordings of their own child amongst gender- and age-matched peers and asked to identify which voice belonged to their child. Although overall accuracy was high, voices of younger children were misidentified more often than voices of older children. In contrast with existing models of familiar voice identification, results suggest that listeners are sensitive to variability in low-level acoustic cues to speaker identity in familiar as well as unfamiliar voice processing.
- Published
- 2023
13. Rubin Observatory LSST Transients and Variable Stars Roadmap
- Author
-
Hambleton, Kelly M., Bianco, Federica B., Street, Rachel, Bell, Keaton, Buckley, David, Graham, Melissa, Hernitschek, Nina, Lund, Michael B., Mason, Elena, Pepper, Joshua, Prsa, Andrej, Rabus, Markus, Raiteri, Claudia M., Szabo, Robert, Szkody, Paula, Andreoni, Igor, Antoniucci, Simone, Balmaverde, Barbara, Bellm, Eric, Bonito, Rosaria, Bono, Giuseppe, Botticella, Maria Teresa, Brocato, Enzo, Bricman, Katja Bucar, Cappellaro, Enrico, Carnerero, Maria Isabel, Chornock, Ryan, Clarke, Riley, Cowperthwaite, Phil, Cucchiara, Antonino, D'Ammando, Filippo, Dage, Kristen C., Dall'Ora, Massimo, Davenport, James R. A., de Martino, Domitilla, de Somma, Giulia, Di Criscienzo, Marcella, Di Stefano, Rosanne, Drout, Maria, Fabrizio, Michele, Fiorentino, Giuliana, Gandhi, Poshak, Garofalo, Alessia, Giannini, Teresa, Gomboc, Andreja, Greggio, Laura, Hartigan, Patrick, Hundertmark, Markus, Johnson, Elizabeth, Johnson, Michael, Jurkic, Tomislav, Khakpash, Somayeh, Leccia, Silvio, Li, Xiaolong, Magurno, Davide, Malanchev, Konstantin, Marconi, Marcella, Margutti, Raffaella, Marinoni, Silvia, Mauron, Nicolas, Molinaro, Roberto, Moller, Anais, Moniez, Marc, Muraveva, Tatiana, Musella, Ilaria, Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Pastorello, Andrea, Petrecca, Vincenzo, Piranomonte, Silvia, Ragosta, Fabio, Reguitti, Andrea, Righi, Chiara, Ripepi, Vincenzo, Sandoval, Liliana Rivera, Stassun, Keivan G., Stroh, Michael, Terreran, Giacomo, Trimble, Virginia, Tsapras, Yiannis, van Velzen, Sjoert, Venuti, Laura, and Vink, Jorick S.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time holds the potential to revolutionize time domain astrophysics, reaching completely unexplored areas of the Universe and mapping variability time scales from minutes to a decade. To prepare to maximize the potential of the Rubin LSST data for the exploration of the transient and variable Universe, one of the four pillars of Rubin LSST science, the Transient and Variable Stars Science Collaboration, one of the eight Rubin LSST Science Collaborations, has identified research areas of interest and requirements, and paths to enable them. While our roadmap is ever-evolving, this document represents a snapshot of our plans and preparatory work in the final years and months leading up to the survey's first light., Comment: 202 pages (in book format) 34 figures plus chapter heading figures (13)
- Published
- 2022
14. Using an on-site laboratory for fecal steroid analysis in wild white-faced capuchins
- Author
-
Beehner, Jacinta C, Alfaro, José, Allen, Cloe, Benítez, Marcela E, Bergman, Thore J, Buehler, Margaret S, Carrera, Sofia C, Chester, Emily M, Deschner, Tobias, Fuentes, Alexander, Gault, Colleen M, Godoy, Irene, Jack, Katharine M, Kim, Justin D, Kolinski, Lev, Kulick, Nelle K, Losch, Teera, Ordoñez, Juan Carlos, Perry, Susan E, Pinto, Fernando, Reilly, Olivia T, Johnson, Elizabeth Tinsley, and Wasserman, Michael D
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Animals ,Cebus capucinus ,Laboratories ,Cebus ,Feces ,Testosterone ,Costa Rica ,Androgens ,Cortisol ,Estradiol ,Estrogens ,Field laboratory ,Glucocorticoids ,Progesterone ,Progestogens ,Validation ,Physiology ,Zoology ,Veterinary Sciences ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Hormone laboratories located "on-site" where field studies are being conducted have a number of advantages. On-site laboratories allow hormone analyses to proceed in near-real-time, minimize logistics of sample permits/shipping, contribute to in-country capacity-building, and (our focus here) facilitate cross-site collaboration through shared methods and a shared laboratory. Here we provide proof-of-concept that an on-site hormone laboratory (the Taboga Field Laboratory, located in the Taboga Forest Reserve, Costa Rica) can successfully run endocrine analyses in a remote location. Using fecal samples from wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) from three Costa Rican forests, we validate the extraction and analysis of four steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) across six assays (DetectX® and ISWE, all from Arbor Assays). Additionally, as the first collaboration across three long-term, wild capuchin field sites (Lomas Barbudal, Santa Rosa, Taboga) involving local Costa Rican collaborators, this laboratory can serve as a future hub for collaborative exchange.
- Published
- 2022
15. Management and Outcomes of Adults Diagnosed with Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Primary Care: Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
- Author
-
Rangarajan, Suresh, Huang, Jie, Isaacs, Dayna, Shan, Judy, Wallace, Karen, Rauchwerger, Adina, Reed, Mary, Mark, Dustin, Hofmann, Erik, Vinson, David, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
ambulatory care ,general practice/family medicine ,outpatients ,pulmonary embolism ,venous thromboembolism ,Adult ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Retrospective Studies ,Anticoagulants ,Pulmonary Embolism ,Acute Disease ,Hemorrhage ,Venous Thromboembolism ,Patient Discharge ,Cohort Studies - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The management and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in primary care have not been characterized. OBJECTIVE: To describe 30-day outcomes stratified by initial site-of-care decisions DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective cohort study PARTICIPANTS: Adults diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in primary care in a large, diverse community-based US health system (2013-2019) MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day serious adverse events (recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality). The secondary outcome was 7-day pulmonary embolism-related hospitalization, either initial or delayed. KEY RESULTS: Among 652 patient encounters (from 646 patients), median age was 64 years; 51.5% were male and 70.7% identified as non-Hispanic white. Overall, 134 cases (20.6%) were sent home from primary care and 518 cases (79.4%) were initially referred to the emergency department (ED) or hospital. Among the referred, 196 (37.8%) were discharged home from the ED without events. Eight patients (1.2%; 95% CI 0.5-2.4%) experienced a 30-day serious adverse event: 4 venous thromboemboli (0.6%), 1 major bleed (0.2%), and 3 deaths (0.5%). Seven of these patients were initially hospitalized, and 1 had been sent home from primary care. All 3 deaths occurred in patients with known metastatic cancer initially referred to the ED, hospitalized, then enrolled in hospice following discharge. Overall, 328 patients (50.3%) were hospitalized within 7 days: 322 at the time of the index diagnosis and 6 following initial outpatient management (4 clinic-only and 2 clinic-plus-ED patients). CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in this primary care setting uncommonly experienced 30-day adverse events, regardless of initial site-of-care decisions. Over 20% were managed comprehensively by primary care. Delayed 7-day pulmonary embolism-related hospitalization was rare among the 51% treated as outpatients. Primary care management of acute pulmonary embolism appears to be safe and could have implications for cost-effectiveness and patient care experience.
- Published
- 2022
16. Structural and functional network mechanisms of rescuing cognitive control in aging
- Author
-
Jones, Kevin T, Johnson, Elizabeth L, Gazzaley, Adam, and Zanto, Theodore P
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Brain Disorders ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Aging ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Neurological ,Aged ,Cognition ,Humans ,Nerve Net ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,Cognitive control ,Diffusion tractography ,EEG ,Functional connectivity ,tACS ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
Age-related declines in cognitive control, an ability critical in most daily tasks, threaten individual independence. We previously showed in both older and younger adults that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can improve cognitive control, with effects observed across neural regions distant from the stimulated site and frequencies outside the stimulated range. Here, we assess network-level changes in neural activity that extend beyond the stimulated site and evaluate anatomical pathways that subserve these effects. We investigated the potential to rescue cognitive control in aging using prefrontal (F3-F4) theta (6 Hz) or control (1 Hz) tACS while older adults engaged in a cognitive control video game intervention on three consecutive days. Functional connectivity was assessed with EEG by measuring daily changes in frontal-posterior phase-locking values (PLV) from the tACS-free baseline. Structural connectivity was measured using MRI diffusion tractography data collected at baseline. Theta tACS improved multitasking performance, and individual gains reflected a dissociation in daily PLV changes, where theta tACS strengthened PLV and control tACS reduced PLV. Strengthened alpha-beta PLV in the theta tACS group correlated positively with inferior longitudinal fasciculus and corpus callosum body integrity, and further explained multitasking gains. These results demonstrate that theta tACS can improve cognitive control in aging by strengthening functional connectivity, particularly in higher frequency bands. However, the extent of functional connectivity gains is limited by the integrity of structural white matter tracts. Given that advanced age is associated with decreased white matter integrity, results suggest that the deployment of tACS as a therapeutic is best prior to advanced age.
- Published
- 2022
17. Cost-effective approach to explore key impacts on the environment from agricultural tools to inform sustainability improvements: inversion tillage as a case study
- Author
-
Green, Laura, Webb, Elise, Johnson, Elizabeth, Wynn, Sarah, and Bogen, Christian
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Health worker education during the COVID-19 pandemic: global disruption, responses and lessons for the future—a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Dedeilia, Aikaterini, Papapanou, Michail, Papadopoulos, Andreas N., Karela, Nina-Rafailia, Androutsou, Anastasia, Mitsopoulou, Dimitra, Nikolakea, Melina, Konstantinidis, Christos, Papageorgakopoulou, Manthia, Sideris, Michail, Johnson, Elizabeth O., Fitzpatrick, Siobhan, Cometto, Giorgio, Campbell, Jim, and Sotiropoulos, Marinos G.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The bidirectional association between premenstrual disorders and perinatal depression: A nationwide register-based study from Sweden
- Author
-
Yang, Qian, Bränn, Emma, Bertone- Johnson, Elizabeth R., Sjölander, Arvid, Fang, Fang, Oberg, Anna Sara, Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A., and Lu, Donghao
- Subjects
Medical research -- Analysis ,Medicine, Experimental -- Analysis ,Pregnancy -- Analysis ,Pregnant women -- Analysis ,Postpartum depression -- Development and progression ,Biological sciences ,American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists - Abstract
Background Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) and perinatal depression (PND) share symptomology and the timing of symptoms of both conditions coincide with natural hormonal fluctuations, which may indicate a shared etiology. Yet, there is a notable absence of prospective data on the potential bidirectional association between these conditions, which is crucial for guiding clinical management. Using the Swedish nationwide registers with prospectively collected data, we aimed to investigate the bidirectional association between PMDs and PND. Methods and findings With 1,803,309 singleton pregnancies of 1,041,419 women recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Register during 2001 to 2018, we conducted a nested case-control study to examine the risk of PND following PMDs, which is equivalent to a cohort study, and transitioned that design into a matched cohort study with onward follow-up to simulate a prospective study design and examine the risk of PMDs after PND (within the same study population). Incident PND and PMDs were identified through clinical diagnoses or prescribed medications. We randomly selected 10 pregnant women without PND, individually matched to each PND case on maternal age and calendar year using incidence density sampling (N: 84,949: 849,482). We (1) calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PMDs using conditional logistic regression in the nested case-control study. Demographic factors (country of birth, educational level, region of residency, and cohabitation status) were adjusted for. We (2) calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CIs of PMDs subsequent to PND using stratified Cox regression in the matched cohort study. Smoking, BMI, parity, and history of psychiatric disorders were further controlled for, in addition to demographic factors. Pregnancies from full sisters of PND cases were identified for sibling comparison, which contrasts the risk within each set of full sisters discordant on PND. In the nested case-control study, we identified 2,488 PMDs (2.9%) before pregnancy among women with PND and 5,199 (0.6%) among controls. PMDs were associated with a higher risk of subsequent PND (OR 4.76, 95% CI [4.52,5.01]; p < 0.001). In the matched cohort with a mean follow-up of 7.40 years, we identified 4,227 newly diagnosed PMDs among women with PND (incidence rate (IR) 7.6/1,000 person-years) and 21,326 among controls (IR 3.8). Compared to their matched controls, women with PND were at higher risk of subsequent PMDs (HR 1.81, 95% CI [1.74,1.88]; p < 0.001). The bidirectional association was noted for both prenatal and postnatal depression and was stronger among women without history of psychiatric disorders (p for interaction < 0.001). Sibling comparison showed somewhat attenuated, yet statistically significant, bidirectional associations. The main limitation of this study was that our findings, based on clinical diagnoses recorded in registers, may not generalize well to women with mild PMDs or PND. Conclusions In this study, we observed a bidirectional association between PMDs and PND. These findings suggest that a history of PMDs can inform PND susceptibility and vice versa and lend support to the shared etiology between both disorders., Author(s): Qian Yang 1,*, Emma Bränn 1, Elizabeth R. Bertone- Johnson 2,3, Arvid Sjölander 4, Fang Fang 1, Anna Sara Oberg 4, Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir 1,5,6, Donghao Lu 1,* Introduction [...]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Fungal diversity in the soil Mycobiome: Implications for ONE health
- Author
-
Yiallouris, Andreas, Pana, Zoi D., Marangos, Giorgos, Tzyrka, Ioanna, Karanasios, Spyridon, Georgiou, Iliana, Kontopyrgia, Kyriaki, Triantafyllou, Eleni, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Johnson, Elizabeth O., Panagiotou, Stavros, and Filippou, Charalampos
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Children's Perception of Food Marketing Across Digital Media Platforms
- Author
-
Carroll, Jennifer E., Emond, Jennifer A., Griffin, Linda L., Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth R., VanKim, Nicole A., and Sturgeon, Susan R.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Orbitofrontal cortex governs working memory for temporal order
- Author
-
Johnson, Elizabeth L, Chang, William K, Dewar, Callum D, Sorensen, Donna, Lin, Jack J, Solbakk, Anne-Kristin, Endestad, Tor, Larsson, Pal G, Ivanovic, Jugoslav, Meling, Torstein R, Scabini, Donatella, and Knight, Robert T
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Cognitive and Computational Psychology ,Psychology ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Neurosciences ,Rare Diseases ,Humans ,Memory ,Short-Term ,Neuroimaging ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
How do we think about time? Converging lesion and neuroimaging evidence indicates that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) supports the encoding and retrieval of temporal context in long-term memory1, which may contribute to confabulation in individuals with OFC damage2. Here, we reveal that OFC damage diminishes working memory for temporal order, that is, the ability to disentangle the relative recency of events as they unfold. OFC lesions reduced working memory for temporal order but not spatial position, and individual deficits were commensurate with lesion size. Comparable effects were absent in patients with lesions restricted to lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Based on these findings, we propose that OFC supports understanding of the order of events. Well-documented behavioral changes in individuals with OFC damage2 may relate to impaired temporal-order understanding.
- Published
- 2022
23. Parental incarceration and health risks in a population-based study of U.S. early adolescents: Results among racialized groups
- Author
-
Johnson, Elizabeth I., Planalp, Elizabeth M., Williams, Deadric T., and Poehlmann, Julie
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs
- Author
-
Howell, Tiffani J, Nieforth, Leanne, Thomas-Pino, Clare, Samet, Lauren, Agbonika, Sunday, Cuevas-Pavincich, Francisca, Fry, Nina Ekholm, Hill, Kristine, Jegatheesan, Brinda, Kakinuma, Miki, MacNamara, Maureen, Mattila-Rautiainen, Sanna, Perry, Andy, Tardif-Williams, Christine Y, Walsh, Elizabeth Ann, Winkle, Melissa, Yamamoto, Mariko, Yerbury, Rachel, Rawat, Vijay, Alm, Kathy, Avci, Ashley, Bailey, Tanya, Baker, Hannah, Benton, Pree, Binney, Catherine, Boyle, Sara, Brandes, Hagit, Carr, Alexa M, Coombe, Wendy, Coulter, Kendra, Darby, Audrey, Davies, Lowri, Delisle, Esther, Enders-Slegers, Marie-Jose, Fournier, Angela, Fox, Marie, Gee, Nancy, Graham, Taryn M, Hamilton-Bruce, Anne, Hansen, Tia GB, Hart, Lynette, Heirs, Morag, Hooper, Jade, Howe, Rachel, Johnson, Elizabeth, Jones, Melanie, Karagiannis, Christos, Kieson, Emily, Kim, Sun-A, Kivlen, Christine, Lanning, Beth, Lewis, Helen, Linder, Deborah, Mai, Dac Loc, Mariti, Chiara, Mead, Rebecca, Ferreira, Gilly Mendes, Ngai, Debbie, O’Keeffe, Samantha, O’Connor, Grainne, Olsen, Christine, Ormerod, Elizabeth, Power, Emma R, Pritchard, Peggy A, Rodriguez, Kerri, Rook, Deborah, Ruby, Matthew B, Schofield, Leah, Signal, Tania, Steel, Jill, Stone, Wendy, Symonds, Melissa, van Rooy, Diane, Warda, Tiamat, Wilson, Monica, Young, Janette, and Bennett, Pauleen
- Subjects
Veterinary Sciences ,Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Zoology ,Animal Production ,companion animal ,assistance animal ,service animal ,facility animal ,therapy animal ,emotional support animal ,educational support animal ,visiting animal ,human-animal interaction ,human–animal interaction ,Environmental Science and Management ,Animal production ,Veterinary sciences - Abstract
The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: "assistance animal", "companion animal", "educational/school support animal", "emotional support animal", "facility animal", "service animal", "skilled companion animal", "therapy animal", and "visiting/visitation animal". At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., "skilled companion animal" and "service animal") due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.
- Published
- 2022
25. Do I need to repeat myself? Getting to the root of the Other Accent Effect
- Author
-
Yu, Madeleine, Schertz, Jessamyn, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Linguistics ,Psychology ,Language and thought ,Other ,Perception ,Phonology ,Sensory Processing - Abstract
Listeners struggle to identify talkers with a different accent than their own, a phenomenon known as the Other Accent Effect (OAE). But for reasons that are not well understood, the OAE is not consistently observed in all studies. Comprehension-related processing demands offer one explanation, such that other-accented talkers who are more easily understood are also easier to recognize. Here, we test this hypothesis using a forensic-style voice line-up. We examine native English-speaking adults’ ability to recognize talkers from four accent groups, manipulating comprehension-related processing demands by presenting listeners with predictable sentences and subtitles (low-demand condition), or variable sentences without subtitles (high-demand condition). As predicted, the OAE was only observed for talkers with non-native accents. But crucially, our comprehension manipulation had no impact on talker recognition accuracy of any accent type. We conclude that comprehension ease is likely not a key factor driving the OAE. Other possible explanations are discussed.
- Published
- 2022
26. Is there an Own-Age Advantage in Talker Recognition?
- Author
-
Yu, Madeleine and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Psychology ,Development ,Other ,Perception ,Speech recognition - Abstract
Adults are far better at identifying adult talkers than child talkers (e.g., Cooper et al., 2020). Why is this the case? Are child talkers acoustically less distinguishable (e.g., Lee et al., 1999)? Or perhaps adults better identify adult talkers, while children better identify child talkers (e.g., see Anastasi & Rhodes, 2005, for evidence that an own-age advantage exists in face recognition). Here, we test adults (N=72) and 6.5-year-olds (N=71) on a voice identification task featuring single word recordings by 8 children and 8 adults. While all listeners successfully identified all talkers above chance (ps
- Published
- 2022
27. Where's the Bingleduff? How speaker accent shapes children's linguistic processing
- Author
-
Agard, Bailey, St. Pierre, Thomas, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
Linguistics ,Psychology ,Language Comprehension ,Memory ,Social cognition - Abstract
Listeners interpret spoken language differently, depending on the perceived identity of the speaker. Within increasingly diverse societies, it is important to understand how speaker characteristics such as accent may impact simple linguistic exchanges. In the current study, children are being tested on their ability to recall factual information provided by native and non-native accented English speakers. Preliminary results demonstrate that children tend to remember neutral facts better if they heard them from a native accented speaker. Interestingly, children understood the native and non-native accented talkers equally well, indicating that comprehension difficulties could not account for the results. To date, there have been no studies examining how a speaker’s accent affects children’s memory, and only preliminary, mixed results in adults have been found. This gap in the literature underscores the need to understand how linguistic biases might impact information transfer across diverse language communities.
- Published
- 2022
28. THE EARTH'S BELOVED COMMUNITY: What does it mean to believe in an ecological God?
- Author
-
Johnson, Elizabeth A.
- Subjects
Christianity -- Personal narratives ,Earth -- Personal narratives -- Protection and preservation ,Philosophy and religion - Abstract
Picture the Earth as seen in familiar photos taken from space. There it spins, a beautiful blue marble, wrapped in swirling white clouds, luminous against the black background of endless [...]
- Published
- 2023
29. Pulmonary endemic mycoses
- Author
-
Wilson, Michael J., Harding, Irasha, Borman, Andrew M., Johnson, Elizabeth, and Miller, Robert
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Strain and temperature dependent aggregation of Candida auris is attenuated by inhibition of surface amyloid proteins
- Author
-
Malavia-Jones, Dhara, Farrer, Rhys A., Stappers, Mark H.T., Edmondson, Matt B., Borman, Andrew M., Johnson, Elizabeth M., Lipke, Peter N., and Gow, Neil A.R.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Neurophysiological mechanisms of cognition in the developing brain: Insights from intracranial EEG studies
- Author
-
Yin, Qin, Johnson, Elizabeth L., and Ofen, Noa
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. "Outpatient Management" of Pulmonary Embolism Defined in the Primary Literature: A Narrative Review.
- Author
-
Shan, Judy, Isaacs, Dayna J, Bath, Harjot, Johnson, Elizabeth J, Julien, Dani, and Vinson, David R
- Subjects
Humans ,Pulmonary Embolism ,Ambulatory Care ,Hospitalization ,Patient Discharge ,Outpatients ,Comparative Effectiveness Research ,Clinical Research ,Health Services ,Emergency Care ,Lung ,Management of diseases and conditions ,7.3 Management and decision making ,8.1 Organisation and delivery of services ,Health and social care services research ,Good Health and Well Being - Abstract
PurposeThe evidence for the effectiveness of outpatient treatment of low-risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) continues to mount. However, lack of definitional clarity may hinder understanding of this emerging management strategy and impede translation into clinical practice. We describe the range of definitions provided in the primary outpatient PE literature.MethodsWe undertook a narrative review of the English-language medical literature indexed in PubMed and Embase through the end of 2019. We identified studies of outpatient treatment of patients with acute PE.ResultsFifty-one studies met our criteria. All studies provided some degree of definition of "outpatient," even if implicit or broad. Forty-six studies (90%) reported 1 or 2 sites of patient discharge (or departure) to home: emergency department (ED)/ambulatory care unit (n = 31), inpatient ward (n = 13), and secondary care clinic (n = 8). Of the 31 ED-based studies, 9 (29%) delimited duration of care (from < 24 to < 48 hours). All inpatient studies placed an outer boundary on the time to discharge within their definition of outpatient care.ConclusionDefinitions of outpatient care in the PE literature vary considerably. The sites, duration, and intensity of care involved in outpatient PE management prior to home discharge range from comprehensive specialty clinic care to an ED evaluation, sometimes coupled with 1 to 5 days of additional inpatient care. Research on the outpatient management of acute PE would benefit from greater definitional clarity as clinicians, departments, and health systems seek to translate this research into real-world clinical practice.
- Published
- 2021
33. Associations of long-term exposure to environmental noise and outdoor light at night with age at natural menopause in a US women cohort.
- Author
-
Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth, Schernhammer, Eva, Laden, Francine, Li, Huichu, Hart, Jaime, Mahalingaiah, Shruthi, Nethery, Rachel, and James, Peter
- Subjects
Age at menopause ,Noise ,Outdoor light at night ,Reproductive aging - Abstract
UNLABELLED: Previous studies have suggested noise, especially at night time, and light at night (LAN) could cause neuroendocrine disturbance and circadian disruption, which may lead to ovarian follicle atresia and earlier onset of menopause. However, no study to date has directly investigated the associations of exposure to these factors and menopausal age. METHODS: Premenopausal women from the Nurses Health Study II (NHS II) were followed from age 40 through 2015. Median daytime and nighttime anthropogenic noise and outdoor LAN exposure were measured from a geospatial prediction model and satellite images, respectively, at residential addresses throughout the follow-up. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for individual lifestyle, reproductive history, and neighborhood socioeconomic factors. Possible effect modification by region, smoking status, body mass index, race/ethnicity, history of rotating shift work, and census tract population density and median income was examined. RESULTS: A total of 63,380 of 105,326 women self-reported natural menopause during 1,043,298 person-years of follow-up. No associations were found for noise (both daytime and nighttime) and outdoor LAN exposure with age at natural menopause (hazard ratios = 0.99-1.00) in the fully adjusted models. Sensitivity analyses showed similar null associations. No meaningful effect modification was found for region, smoking status, body mass index, race/ethnicity, history of rotating shift work, and census tract socioeconomic measures in stratified analyses. CONCLUSION: No associations were found between environmental noise and outdoor LAN exposure in mid-adulthood and menopausal age in this cohort of US women.
- Published
- 2021
34. Science Students' Conceptions of Factors That Will Differentiate Them in the Graduate Employment Market
- Author
-
Jorre de St Jorre, Trina, Elliott, Joanne, Johnson, Elizabeth D., and Bisset, Stewart
- Abstract
To gain employment and a fulfilling career, students need to understand the skills and knowledge that are important and how to articulate and evidence their employability. This paper reports on research investigating science students' priorities related to immediate employment versus long-term employability and the factors that students perceive as important to these. Interviews with 138 science students from four Australian universities revealed that they were most focused on immediate employment. Students were keen to participate in opportunities to 'value add' to their degree, especially those that might help them to gain relevant work experience and professional networks. However, students' understanding of the relative importance of experiences and skills that would enhance their employability was variable, as was their understanding of the career pathways that they might pursue. The data analysis highlights the importance of explicitly designing curriculum to help students understand the career opportunities available; the skills and abilities needed for diverse careers; and the experiences through which they might develop and evidence these. Furthermore, to engage students, we need to help them to address their greatest and most immediate concerns about gaining employment at graduation, while also setting them up for successful and fulfilling careers.
- Published
- 2019
35. Correction: Cost‑effective approach to explore key impacts on the environment from agricultural tools to inform sustainability improvements: inversion tillage as a case study
- Author
-
Green, Laura, Webb, Elise, Johnson, Elizabeth, Wynn, Sarah, and Bogen, Christian
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Characterizing Biology Education Research: Perspectives from Practitioners and Scholars in the Field.
- Author
-
Hsu, Jeremy L, Chen, Audrey, Cruz-Hinojoza, Eduardo, Dinh-Dang, Duyen, Roth-Johnson, Elizabeth A, Sato, Brian K, and Lo, Stanley M
- Subjects
biology education research ,discipline-based education research ,research trends ,Curriculum and Pedagogy - Abstract
Biology education research (BER) is a recently emerging field mainly focused on the learning and teaching of biology in postsecondary education. As BER continues to grow, exploring what goals, questions, and scholarship the field encompasses will provide an opportunity for the community to reflect on what new lines of inquiry could be pursued in the future. There have been top-down approaches at characterizing BER, such as aims and scope provided by professional societies or peer-reviewed journals, and literature analyses with evidence for current and historical research trends. However, there have not been previous attempts with a bottom-up approach at characterizing BER by directly surveying practitioners and scholars in the field. Here, we share survey results that asked participants at the Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research (SABER) annual meeting what they perceive as current scholarship in BER as well as what areas of inquiry in the field that they would like to see pursued in the future. These survey responses provide us with information directly from BER practitioners and scholars, and we invite colleagues to reflect on how we can collectively and collaboratively continue to promote BER as a field.
- Published
- 2021
37. Vocabulary Growth in Infancy and Toddlerhood: The Impact of COVID-19
- Author
-
Fung, Priscilla, Raja, Momina, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
cognitive science - Abstract
Early vocabulary development is heavily influenced by children’s language environment. For example, higher SES children who have frequent and rich interactions with caregivers tend to have larger vocabulary size than lower SES children who have less stable home environment (e.g., Hoff & Naigles, 2002). Because of the recent pandemic, most Canadian children have experienced dramatic changes to their day-to-day life. In the current study, we ask whether the pandemic environment affects children’s vocabulary growth. We compare the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) scores of 11- to 34-month-olds collected before (N=1365) and after (N=301) the onset of COVID-19. Preliminary results show that CDI scores collected for toddlers after the pandemic onset are significantly lower than those collected before. We will continue to collect additional CDI data, and examine how factors such as screen time, reading time, SES, and number of people the child has regular interaction with mediate children’s vocabulary size.
- Published
- 2021
38. Do you speak 'kid'? The role of experience in comprehending child speech
- Author
-
Yu, Madeleine, Cooper, Angela, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
cognitive science - Abstract
Child speech deviates from adult speech in predictable ways. Are listeners who routinely interact with children implicitly aware of these systematic deviations, and thereby better at comprehending children? In Experiment 1, we explore this possibility by testing three types of participants with variable experience interacting with children: undergraduates with minimal experience with children (N=48), mothers of young children (N=48), and early childcare educators (N=36). Participants transcribed single-word utterances produced by the same set of children at 2.5-, 4-, and 5.5-years-old. In Experiment 2, mothers (N=50) completed a similar transcription task that featured speech by their own, and another, 2.5-year-old child. Participants performed similarly regardless of their experience with children, while mothers demonstrated a Familiar Talker Advantage with their own child’s speech. Our findings suggest that while experience with children may not facilitate improved comprehension of child speech in general, it may lead to enhanced comprehension of those children in particular.
- Published
- 2021
39. ‘Hello! *What your name?’ Children’s evaluations of ungrammatical speakers after live interaction
- Author
-
St. Pierre, Thomas, White, Katherine, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
cognitive science - Abstract
Children use accent to categorize speakers as in-group or out-group members (i.e., fellow speakers of language variety X or some other variety). This study tested how much 3- to 5-year-old children (N=159) consider both grammaticality and accent when categorizing speakers. After interacting with a native or non-native experimenter whose speech contained grammatical errors (or not), children completed a cultural categorization task, where they were asked where the experimenter likely grew up (a familiar- or unfamiliar-looking dwelling), as well as a resource allocation task, where children could share stickers with the experimenter. Results showed that children relied primarily on accent when deciding where the experimenter grew up, being more likely to associate native speakers with familiar dwellings than non-native speakers. However, children shared stickers with all speakers equally. The latter result contrasts with previous work using non-interactive paradigms, and may indicate that live interactions foster more favorable perceptions of non-native speakers.
- Published
- 2021
40. The influence of media exposure on children’s evaluations of non-local accents
- Author
-
St. Pierre, Thomas and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Subjects
cognitive science - Abstract
This study investigated whether positive or negative media exposure to non-local accents influences children’s language attitudes of those accents. Following exposure to heroic or villainous cartoon characters with either a regional (British; Experiment 1, N=89) or non-native (Experiment 2, N=84) accents, children were tested on a friend preference task, during which they selected—given a choice between a locally-accented child and a British-accented (Experiment 1) or Korean-accented (Experiment 2) child—which one they wanted to be friends with. Consistent with previous literature, children selected native-accented speakers at above chance rates, both when paired with British- (M=55%, β=0.25, p=0.03) and Korean-accented children (M=86%, β=2.63, p
- Published
- 2021
41. Digesting Planetary Harms: Ocean Life, Biomaterial Innovation, and Uncanny Ingestions of the Anthropocene
- Author
-
Dickinson Hannah and Johnson Elizabeth
- Subjects
digestion ,circular economy ,human-animal relations ,oceans ,biotechnology ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
This article explores innovations in biomaterial ingestion that would seek to solve ecological harm in the Anthropocene. Focusing on ocean ecologies and marine life, we follow several case studies that examine the paradigm of digestion to consider how efforts to eat the harmful by-products of the Anthropocene spark multifaceted interventions including, the development of novel cuisines, dieting tools, the invention of new animal feed additives, and an array of biotechnologies that would digest or otherwise sequester plastic pollutants. In doing so, we explore how this paradigm of digestion and associated bioscientific interventions are shifting relations between humans and nonhumans, exacerbating the conditions of an “uncanny” Anthropocene. We ask: Can the moving of “strange” surroundings and digestible objects through our bodies better hold us to account for the colonial and calculative epistemes that forged the Anthropocene? Or will these dreams of a circular, digestive economy only extend the promise of the never-ending extraction, valuation, and manipulation of nonhumans as a means of locating solutions to planetary precarity?
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Primary care physicians comprehensively manage acute pulmonary embolism without higher-level-of-care transfer: A report of two cases.
- Author
-
Isaacs, Dayna J, Johnson, Elizabeth J, Hofmann, Erik R, Rangarajan, Suresh, and Vinson, David R
- Subjects
Humans ,Myelitis ,Transverse ,Pulmonary Embolism ,Dyspnea ,Venous Thrombosis ,Acute Disease ,Chest Pain ,Enoxaparin ,Antithrombins ,Anticoagulants ,Treatment Outcome ,Ambulatory Care ,Hospitalization ,Patient Transfer ,Risk Assessment ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,Male ,Physicians ,Primary Care ,Dabigatran ,Computed Tomography Angiography ,Decision Making ,Shared ,Health Services ,Pain Research ,Hematology ,Patient Safety ,Clinical Research ,Lung ,Management of diseases and conditions ,7.3 Management and decision making ,Good Health and Well Being ,case report ,outpatient management ,primary care ,pulmonary embolism ,risk stratification - Abstract
RationaleThe evidence for outpatient pulmonary embolism (PE) management apart from hospitalization is expanding. The availability and ease of direct oral anticoagulants have facilitated this transition. The literature, however, is sparse on the topic of comprehensive management of pulmonary embolism in the primary care clinic setting. As such, the role of the primary care physician in the complete diagnosis, risk stratification for outpatient eligibility, and initiation of treatment is unclear.Case presentationsCase 1: A 33-year-old man with known heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation and a remote history of deep vein thrombosis presented to his primary care physician's office with 2 days of mild pleuritic chest pain and a dry cough after a recent transcontinental flight. Case 2: A 48-year-old man with a complex medical history including recent transverse myelitis presented to his primary care family physician with dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain for 6 days.DiagnosisCase 1: Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography that same afternoon showed multiple bilateral segmental and subsegmental emboli as well as several small pulmonary infarcts. Case 2: The patient's D-dimer was elevated at 1148 ng/mL. His physician ordered a computed tomographic pulmonary angiography, performed that evening, which showed segmental and subsegmental PE.InterventionsBoth patients were contacted by their respective physicians shortly after their diagnoses and, in shared decision-making, opted for treatment at home with 5 days of enoxaparin followed by dabigatran.OutcomesNeither patient developed recurrence nor complications in the subsequent 3 months.LessonsThese cases, stratified as low risk using the American College of Chest Physicians criteria and the PE Severity Index, are among the first in the literature to illustrate comprehensive primary care-based outpatient PE management. Care was provided within an integrated delivery system with ready, timely access to laboratory, advanced radiology, and allied health services. This report sets the stage for investigating the public health implications of comprehensive primary care-based PE management, including cost-savings as well as enhanced patient follow-up and patient satisfaction.
- Published
- 2020
43. Direct brain recordings reveal occipital cortex involvement in memory development
- Author
-
Yin, Qin, Johnson, Elizabeth L, Tang, Lingfei, Auguste, Kurtis I, Knight, Robert T, Asano, Eishi, and Ofen, Noa
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Psychology ,Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes ,Underpinning research ,Adolescent ,Brain ,Brain Mapping ,Child ,Humans ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Occipital Lobe ,Pattern Recognition ,Visual ,Photic Stimulation ,Visual memory ,Occipital cortex ,Electrocorticography ,Alpha oscillations ,Memory development ,Scene complexity ,Cognitive Sciences ,Experimental Psychology ,Biological psychology ,Cognitive and computational psychology - Abstract
Processing of low-level visual information shows robust developmental gains through childhood and adolescence. However, it is unknown whether low-level visual processing in the occipital cortex supports age-related gains in memory for complex visual stimuli. Here, we examined occipital alpha activity during visual scene encoding in 24 children and adolescents, aged 6.2-20.5 years, who performed a subsequent memory task while undergoing electrocorticographic recording. Scenes were classified as high- or low-complexity by the number of unique object categories depicted. We found that recognition of high-complexity, but not low-complexity, scenes increased with age. Age was associated with decreased alpha power and increased instantaneous alpha frequency during the encoding of subsequently recognized high- compared to low-complexity scenes. Critically, decreased alpha power predicted improved recognition of high-complexity scenes in adolescents. These findings demonstrate how the functional maturation of the occipital cortex supports the development of memory for complex visual scenes.
- Published
- 2020
44. Managing acute pulmonary embolism in primary care in a patient declining emergency department transfer: a case report.
- Author
-
Vinson, David R, Isaacs, Dayna J, and Johnson, Elizabeth J
- Subjects
Ambulatory care ,Case report ,Outpatient ,Pulmonary embolism ,Risk stratification ,Venous thromboembolism ,Patient Safety ,Clinical Research ,Health Services ,Lung ,7.3 Management and decision making ,Management of diseases and conditions - Abstract
BackgroundFor patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed in the primary care setting, transfer to a higher level of care, like the emergency department, has long been the convention. Evidence is growing that outpatient management, that is, care without hospitalization, is safe, effective, and feasible for selected low-risk patients with acute PE. Whether outpatient care can be provided entirely in the primary care setting has not been well-studied. We report a case of outpatient management of a low-risk patient with acute PE without emergency department transfer.Case summaryA 74-year-old woman with a history of recent surgery and immobilization presented to a primary care physician with 10 days of mild, non-exertional pleuritic chest pain. Her D-dimer concentration was elevated. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography identified a lobar embolus without right ventricular dysfunction. She declined emergency department transfer but was classified as low risk (class II) on the PE Severity Index and met the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for outpatient care. Her physician provided comprehensive clinic-based PE management, discharging her to home with education, anticoagulation, and close follow-up. She completed her 3-month treatment course without complication.DiscussionThis case describes patient-centred, comprehensive, outpatient PE management in the primary care setting for a woman meeting explicit ESC outpatient criteria. This case illustrates the elements of care that clinics can put in place to facilitate PE management without having to transfer eligible low-risk patients to a higher level of care.
- Published
- 2020
45. Management and Outcomes of Adults Diagnosed with Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Primary Care: Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
- Author
-
Vinson, David R., Hofmann, Erik R., Johnson, Elizabeth J., Rangarajan, Suresh, Huang, Jie, Isaacs, Dayna J., Shan, Judy, Wallace, Karen L., Rauchwerger, Adina S., Reed, Mary E., and Mark, Dustin G.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A New Look at the Representations for Mathematical Concepts: Expanding on Lesh's Model of Representations of Mathematical Concepts
- Author
-
Johnson, Elizabeth Lee
- Abstract
This article investigates the potential of utilizing technology to apply Lesh's representations for teaching mathematical concepts. Lesh's model includes written symbols, verbal symbols, real life situations, pictorial representations, and concrete representations. The author suggests that, with the wealth of technological applications, teachers have an opportunity to expand that model to include "moving pictures" using technology, thus linking concrete representations to their still-picture counterparts.
- Published
- 2018
47. Understanding Children’s Speech Productions: Man Versus Machine
- Author
-
Yu, Madeleine, Bagga, Amrita, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Abstract
Young childrens speech pronunciations deviate systematically from adult forms. For example, onsets are often simplified(e.g., stop becomes top), unstressed syllables frequently deleted (e.g., spaghetti becomes getti), and certain segments arecommonly replaced with other ones (e.g., rice becomes wice). The current study examined how well adults and a popularautomatic speech recognition system (i.e., Siri) deal with these deviations. The same 12 children were recorded producing32 words in isolation at three ages: 2.5, 3.5, and 5.5 years. 12 adults were also recorded. These recordings were presentedto 48 young adults, 7 mothers, and Siri for transcription. All listeners performed worst with 2.5-year-old productions,and humans outperformed Siri with all ages (p ¡ 0.001). Mothers demonstrated the highest accuracy with 2.5-year-oldproductions (86%). Additionally, Siri made distinctive transcription errors with childrens speech. These errors may reflectthe systems lack of training with young childrens voices.
- Published
- 2020
48. Monolingual and Bilingual Toddlers’ Reliance on the Mutual Exclusivity Principleand Statistics to Learn Colour Labels
- Author
-
Fung, Priscilla and Johnson, Elizabeth K.
- Subjects
Child development ,Language acquisition ,Bilingualism ,Word learning ,Statistical learning - Abstract
Monolingual toddlers reportedly rely more heavily on theMutual Exclusivity Principle (MEP) than their age-matchedbilingual counterparts when learning new words. Here, we re-visit this issue by testing monolingual and bilingual 24-month-olds’ reliance on the MEP to learn novel colour labels acrossmultiple labelling instances, where cross-situational statisticslink a particular label to a particular colour – but not a particularobject. In addition, we ask whether the presentation ofatypically-coloured objects (e.g., turquoise dogs) may haveinfluenced how readily toddlers attached novel labels to colourterms rather than objects. Thus far, our results demonstrate thatmonolingual and bilingual toddlers are equally successful inlearning colour labels when taught with atypically-colouredobjects. However, only bilingual children are able to learncolour labels taught with typically-coloured objects. Weconclude that researchers need to carefully consider therichness and statistical input in children’s learningenvironments to better understand development in diverselanguage settings.
- Published
- 2020
49. Understanding Childrens Productions: Does Experience Play a Role?
- Author
-
Bagga, Amrita, Yu, Madeleine, and Johnson, Elizabeth
- Abstract
Toddlers are notoriously difficult to understand, yet like accented speakers, their productions tend to systematically differfrom adult productions. Thus, we hypothesize that listeners with routine exposure to toddlers (perhaps even toddlersthemselves) should comprehend toddlers best. Three listener groups were tested on their comprehension of toddlersutterances in an eye-tracking study; forty-eight toddlers (Mage= 33 months), sixteen undergraduates with little experiencearound children (Mage= 18 years), and sixteen mothers of young children (Mage=38 years). All listeners looked longerto targets than distractors (p ¡ 0.05), with mothers and undergraduates target fixations significantly greater than toddlers(p ¡ 0.001). Mothers target fixations (78%) did not differ significantly from undergraduates (74%; p = 0.17). Thesepreliminary findings suggest a complex picture regarding the role of experience in comprehending toddlers utterances.Clearly, however, toddlers do not outperform adults in understanding toddlers.
- Published
- 2020
50. The development of accent-based friendship preferences: Age and languageexposure matter
- Author
-
St. Pierre, Thomas and Johnson, Elizabeth K.
- Subjects
Language Attitudes ,friend preference ,developmental sociolinguistics - Abstract
Previous research has shown that children exhibit strong,language-based social biases, preferring speakers of theirlocally dominant accent over foreign language or foreign-accented speakers. Even when regularly exposed to multiplelanguages or to speakers with non-local accents, elementaryschool-aged children nevertheless display strong languagebiases, preferring to be friends with native speakers over non-native speakers. The present study revisited this issue,examining whether routine exposure to additional languagesand/or non-local accents influences language-based friendpreferences. Three- to 5-year-old children (N = 183) growingup in a large, multicultural, North American City with at least70% English exposure were presented with pairs of children—one speaking native-accented English and the other speakingforeign-accented English—and were asked to choose whomthey wanted to be friends with. While accent exposure was notfound to predict children’s preference, there was a significanteffect of language exposure, such that greater experience withmultiple languages reduced biases for native-accentedspeakers.
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.