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Chlorophyll-a (hereafter referred to as Chl-a) is a recognized indicator for phytoplankton abundance and biomass –hence, an effective estimation of the trophic condition– of water bodies as lakes, reservoirs and oceans. Indeed, Chl-a is the primary molecule responsible for photosynthesis. A strong and robust Bayesian nonparametric technique, termed Gaussian process regression (GPR) approach, for foretelling the dependent variable Chl-a concentration in Tanes reservoir from a dataset concerning to 268 samples is shown in this paper. Ten years (2006–2015) of monitoring water quality variables (biological and physico-chemical independent variables) in the Tanes reservoir were used to build this mathematical GPR-relied model. As an optimizer, the method known as Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGSB) iterative algorithm was used; this allows the selection of kernel optimal parameters during the GPR training phase, which greatly determines the regression precision. The results of the current investigation can be summarized in two. Firstly, the relevance of each input variable on Chl-a concentration in Tanes reservoir is determined. Secondly, the Chl-a can be successfully predicted using this hybrid LBFGSB/GPR–relied model (R2 and r values were 0.8597 and 0.9306, respectively). The concordance between observed data and the model clearly proves the high efficiency of this innovative approach.

Recent years have seen great advances in the use of clinical ultrasound imaging in both hospital emergency departments and out-of-hospital settings. However, all new techniques require up-to-date definitions of competencies relevant to the clinical realities of different specialties and the geographic settings in which specialists work. To that end, a group of experts in clinical ultrasound reviewed the evidence available in the literature and strictly applied the Delphi method to define the competencies relevant to emergency physicians. The group worked with the starting premise that clinical ultrasound imaging should be a common competency across the specialty.En los últimos años, la ecografía clínica (EC) ha sufrido un avance muy importante en su implantación dentro de los servicios de urgencias, tanto hospitalarios como extrahospitalarios, pero como toda técnica requiere un ámbito competencial definido, actualizado y enmarcado, tanto en la realidad clínica de la especialidad que desempeñamos como en la geográfica del país donde ejercemos. Por ello, un grupo de expertos en la materia ha desarrollado el presente documento en el que basándose por un lado en la evidencia disponible en la bibliografía científica y por otro en una metodología Delphi, planteó el objetivo de establecer un claro marco competencial base para todos los urgenciólogos, asumiendo como premisa inicial que la EC debería ser una competencia transversal común.

Algal atypical proliferation is a consequence of water fertilization (also called eutrophication) and a worldwide environmental concern since water quality and its uses are seriously compromised. Prevention is the most effective measure given that once the algal proliferation starts, it is too difficult and costly to stop the process. This article presents a nonparametric machine learning algorithm that combines the gradient boosted regression tree (GBRT) model and an improved differential evolution algorithm (L-SHADE) for better understanding and control of the algal abnormal proliferation (usually estimated from Chlorophyll-a and Total Phosphorus concentrations) from physicochemical and biological variable values obtained in a northern Spain reservoir. This L-SHADE technique involves the optimization of the GBRT hyperparameters during the training process. Apart from successfully estimating algal atypical growth (coefficients of determination equal to 0.91 and 0.93 for Chlorophyll-a and Total Phosphorus concentrations were obtained, respectively), this hybrid model allows here to establish the ranking of each independent biological and physicochemical variable according to its importance in the algal enhanced growth.

Total phosphorus (from now on mentioned as TP) and chlorophyll-a (from now on mentioned as Chl-a) are recognized indicators for phytoplankton large quantity and biomass-thus, actual estimates of the eutrophic state-of water bodies (i.e., reservoirs, lakes and seas). A robust nonparametric method, called support vector regression (SVR) approach, for forecasting the output Chl-a and TP concentrations coming from 268 samples obtained in Tanes reservoir is described in this investigation. Previously, we have carried out a selection of the main features (biological and physico-chemical predictors) employing the multivariate adaptive regression splines approximation to construct reduced models for the purpose of making them easier to interpret for researchers/readers and to reduce the overfitting. As an optimizer, the heuristic technique termed as whale optimization iterative algorithm (WOA), was employed here to optimize the regression parameters with success. Two main results have been obtained. Firstly, the relative relevance of the models variables was stablished. Secondly, the Chl-a and TP can be successfully foretold employing this hybrid WOA/SVR-based approximation. The coincidence between the predicted approximation and the observed data obviously demonstrates the quality of this novel technique.

Galician newborn screening program for early detection of endocrine and metabolic diseases began in 1978 and was a pioneer in expanded newborn screening in Spain with the incorporation of mass spectrometry in July 2000. As a primary objective, 28 diseases are screened, including those recommended SNS except sickle cell anemia which is in the inclusion phase. In its 20-year history, 404,616 newborns (nb) have been analyzed, identifying 547 cases affected by the diseases included, with a global incidence of 1: 739 newborns and 1: 1.237 of the screened inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) (1:1.580 nb if excluding benign hyperphenylalaninemia-HPA), with an average participation of 99.35%, progressively higher during the analyzed period. Among the pathologies screened, congenital hypothyroidism (1:2.211 nb), cystinuria (1:4.129 nb) and HPA (1:5.699 nb), followed by phenylketonuria and cystic fibrosis (1:10,936 nb) stand out for their incidence. Sixty-six cases of false positives were identified (seventeen of them in relation to maternal pathology) and five false negatives, being the overall PPV and NPV of the program respectively of 89.2% and 99.99%, with a sensitivity of 99.09% and a specificity of 99.98%. The mortality rate of diagnosed CME patients is 1.52%, with eleven cases presenting symptoms prior to the screening result (2%). The intelligence quotient of IEM patients at risk of neurological involvement is normal in more than 95% of cases.El Programa Gallego para la Detección Precoz de Enfermedades Endocrinas y Metabólicas se inició en 1978 y fue pionero en España en el cribado neonatal ampliado con la incorporación de la espectrometría de masas en julio de 2000. Como objetivo primario se criban veintiocho enfermedades, incluyendo las de la cartera básica del Servicio Nacional de Salud excepto la anemia de células falciformes, que está en fase de inclusión. En sus veinte años de trayectoria se analizaron 404.616 recién nacidos (RN), identificando 547 casos afectos de las enfermedades incluidas, con una incidencia global de 1:739 RN vivos y de 1:1.237 RN de las enfermedades metabólicas congénitas (EMC) cribadas (1:1.580 RN excluyendo la hiperfenilalaninemia benigna-HPA), con una participación media del 99,35%, progresivamente creciente durante el período analizado. Entre las patologías cribadas destacan por su incidencia el hipotirodismo congénito (1:2.211 RN), la cistinuria (1:4.129 RN) y la HPA (1:5.699 RN), seguida de fenilcetonuria y fibrosis quística (1:10.936 RN). Se identificaron sesenta y seis casos de falsos positivos (diecisiete de los mismos en relación con patología materna) y cinco falsos negativos, siendo el VPP (valor predictivo positivo) y el VPN (valor predictivo negativo) global del programa del 89,2% y 99,99%, respectivamente, con una sensibilidad de 99,09% y una especificidad del 99,98%. La tasa de mortalidad de los pacientes con EMC diagnosticados fue del 1,52%, presentando once casos sintomatología previa al resultado del cribado (2%). El cociente intelectual de los pacientes con EMC y riesgo de afectación neurológica es normal en más del 95% de los casos.

Background Correct clinical management of circulatory shock in emergency departments (ER) and intensive care units (ICU) is critical. In this context, the transmission of professional skills by means of the practical supervision of real cases at the point of care entails important issues that can be widely overcome with the use of computer knowledge-based e-learning tools. Objective Shock-Instructor is a web-based e-learning tool implementing the already tested training program model (TPM) that uses a knowledge base about the evidence found in the clinical practice guidelines about seven types of shock. This tool is expected to reduce the learning times and to improve the skills of hospital residents with regard to both the correct application of the guidelines and patient recovery, suppressing the risks of direct interventions. Methods Shock-Instructor has been used to train residents in the Emergency Department of the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (Spain) in order to reduce the learning cycle without affecting quality. A case-base with the description of 51 cases with shock and a knowledge-base with 137 clinical rules about the treatment of shock were incorporated to the Shock-Instructor system. A group of 33 residents was involved in a randomized controlled trial to check whether the use of Shock-Instructor can significantly improve the skills of clinicians after one week of problem-based training. Results No significant differences were found in the skill levels of the intervention (IG) and control (CG) groups prior to learning. However, we observed an improvement of the IG clinicians capacity to stabilize patients with shock in better clinical conditions (5% improvement, p = 0.004), and to reduce the risk of death in 19.52% (p = 0.004), after training. First-year residents in IG enhanced 14.3% their sensitivity in the correct application of guidelines (p = 0.01), and 14.9% the mean survival rate of their patients (p = 0.01), after being trained with Shock-Instructor for a week. Residents with specialties different from ER and ICU enhanced 16.1% their application of guidelines (p = 0.04), and 14.5% the survival rate of the cases attended (p = 0.01). Conclusions Web-oriented knowledge-based e-learning computer tools such as Shock-Instructor can significantly reduce the learning time of ER and ICU residents, while enhancing their assimilation of evidence-based medicine and both the survival rate and health condition of patients with shock.

espanolDesde el ano 2007 el Grupo de Innovacion Educativa en Historia de la Arquitectura (Grupo IALA), a traves de la docencia impartida en Introduccion a la Arquitectura, ha desarrollado su actividad en la aplicacion a la docencia de las TICs, a traves de la creacion de un entorno virtual docente (ENVIDO), articulado alrededor del blog de la asignatura (http://iala.udc.es/) y a la utilizacion de herramientas abiertas Web 2.0. La preocupacion por la docencia interactiva y la aplicacion de las nuevas tecnologias a la docencia ha llevado al grupo a la reflexion sobre el espacio del aula como espacio arquitectonico orientado a esta nueva docencia. La presente comunicacion pretende exponer los avances realizados en la practica explorando y proponiendo alternativas a la concepcion tradicional del aula en la docencia. Estas alternativas resuelven problemas programaticos y necesidades generados por la nueva relacion profesor-guia / alumno, en la que este ultimo se coloca como Centro, intelectual y espacial, del aprendizaje. Definen, ademas, las herramientas tecnologicas precisas y su integracion coherente en el espacio arquitectonico del aula mas alla de su mera utilizacion, desde el convencimiento de que la Arquitectura del aula contribuye a la formacion y a la educacion integral del titulado universitario. EnglishSince 2007, the IALA Group, through the teaching given in Introduction to Architecture, has developed its activity in the application to the teaching of ICTs, through the creation of a virtual teaching environment (ENVIDO), articulated around of the subject's blog (http://iala.udc.es/), and the use of open Web 2.0 tools. The concern for interactive teaching and the application of new technologies to teaching has led the group to reflect on the space of the classroom as an architectural space oriented to this new teaching. The present communication aims to expose the advances made in practice by exploring and proposing alternatives to the traditional conception of the classroom in teaching. These alternatives solve programmatic problems and needs generated by the new teacher-guide / student relationship, in which the latter is placed as Center, intellectual and spatial, of learning. They also define the precise technological tools and their coherent integration in the architectural space of the classroom beyond its mere use, based on the conviction that the classroom architecture contributes to the education and integral education of the university graduate.

[FR] Il y a cent ans, en octobre 1920, le premier numéro de L’Esprit Nouveau parut à Paris, où Charles-Édouard Jeanneret prit pour la première fois le nom de Le Corbusier, qui ne le quittera jamais. Quelques semaines plus tard, le 6 novembre, Arturo Soria, créateur et promoteur de la Cité Linéaire, décède à Madrid. Les deux centenaires peuvent mettre en relation intentionnelle. Une relation entre deux génies de l’urbanisme : Soria et Le Corbusier, qui remonte de 1913-15, lorsque ce dernier, préparant son étude La Construction des Villes, trace avec des lignes déterminées une série de dessins de la Ciudad Lineal de Madrid, et cela durera près de cinquante ans, jusqu’en 1958-60, quand il défend contre André Malraux les Cités Linéaires, dans ce qui sont probablement ses dernières propositions sur Paris. Nous allons consacrer cette étude à ce demi-siècle de relation entre Le Corbusier et la Cité Linéaire., [ES] Hace cien años, en octubre de 1920 aparece en París el primer número de la revista L’Esprit Nouveau, donde Charles-Édouard Jeanneret toma por vez primera el nombre de Le Corbusier, que no le abandonaría nunca. Pocas semanas después, el 6 de noviembre, fallece en Madrid Arturo Soria, creador e impulsor de la Ciudad Lineal. Ambos centenarios pueden ponerse en relación intencionada. Una relación entre dos genios del urbanismo: Soria y Le Corbusier, que venía por lo menos de 1913-15, cuando éste, preparando su estudio La Construction des Villes, calca con trazo decidido una serie de dibujos de la Ciudad Lineal de Madrid y que se prolongaría durante casi cincuenta años, hasta 1958-60, cuando defiende ante André Malraux las Cités Linéaires en lo que probablemente sean sus últimas propuestas sobre Paris. A ese medio siglo de relación entre Le Corbusier y la Ciudad Lineal vamos a dedicar el presente estudio., [EN] One hundred years ago, in October 1920, it appeares in Paris the first issue of L’Esprit Nouveau. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret first tooks on it the name of Le Corbusier, that would never abandons him. A few weeks later, on November 6, Arturo Soria, creator and promoter of the Linear City, dies in Madrid. Both centenaries may be intentionally confronted. It is a relationship between two urban geniuses: Soria and Le Corbusier, that dates back from 1913-15, when thie latter, preparing his study La Construction des Villes, traces with determined lines a series of drawings of the Madrid’s Linear City and that would go on for fifty years, until 1958-60, when he defended the Linear Cities against André Malraux, in what probably were his latest proposals on Paris. We dedicate this study to this half-century relationship between Le Corbusier and Linear City.

[Resumen] Desde el año 2007 el Grupo de Investigación en Historia de la Arquitectura IALA de la Universidade da Coruña ha ido experimentando y desarrollando un conjunto de metodologías activas de innovación docente a través de la asignatura Introducción a la Arquitectura (Grado en Estudios de Arquitectura) sobre el estudio, análisis y comprensión del espacio arquitectónico empleando el aula como herramienta de aprendizaje. Frente a la distribución tradicional de un orador activo enfrentado a un alumno-receptor pasivo, la reconfiguración del aula en función del material de trabajo empleado en cada clase se han convertido en temas capitales. El alumno y sus recursos de aprendizaje son puestos en el centro de la atención pedagógica y del espacio arquitectónico considerando, al resto de los recursos de aprendizaje y al propio docente, como periféricos desde el punto de vista físico. En la experiencia llevada a cabo durante estos años en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidade da Coruña se le propone al alumnado la utilización del espacio del aula como espacio de su primera experiencia proyectual, que ha de reconfigurar progresivamente durante el curso, al tiempo que relaciona las ideas espaciales con los problemas funcionales y constructivos inherentes a la arquitectura. [Abstract] Since 2007, the Research Group in History of Architecture IALA of the University of A Coruña has been experimenting and developing a set of active methodologies in teaching innovation through the subject Introduction to Architecture (Degree in Architecture Studies) on the study, analysis and understanding of the architectural space using the classroom as a learning tool. Confronted with the traditional distribution of an active speaker faced with a passive student-receiver, the reconfiguration of the classroom based on the work material used in each class have become major issues. The student and their learning resources are placed at the center of the pedagogical attention and the architectural space, considering the rest of the learning resources and the teacher himself, as peripherals from the physical point of view. In the experience carried out during these years in the Superior Technical School of Architecture of the University of A Coruña students are asked to use the classroom space as a space for their first project experience, which has to be reconfigured progressively during the course, to the time that relates spatial ideas to the functional and constructive problems inherent in architecture.

Introduction to Architecture is a subject taught in the School of Architecture of the University of A Coruña. It is intended to start the trainign of future professionals attending, from the the first course, to the tripple thoughtful, designed and constructive support of the architectural fact. With the Bologna Process, the subject became the initiatory place of the discipline, a sort of "first contact". The uniqueness of this fact, together with other circumstances, such as the recent introduction of teaching in English or conducting practices in a non-contact manner has led to the need of incorporating new technologies as means of control, mentoring and monitoring tasks and enhancement of teacher-student relationship inside the subject. Within this approach it has generated a central tool that serves as a gateway and communication of the subject: the website iala.udc.es. Introducción a la Arquitectura es una asignatura que se imparte en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidade da Coruña. En ella se pretende iniciar la formación del futuro profesional atendiendo, desde el primer curso, al triple soporte reflexivo, proyectivo y constructivo del hecho arquitectónico. Con el Proceso de Bolonia, la asignatura se convirtió en el lugar iniciático de la disciplina, en una suerte de «primer contacto». La singularidad de este hecho, sumado a otras circunstancias, como la reciente introducción de la docencia en inglés o la realización de las prácticas de manera no presencial, ha conducido a la necesidad de incorporar las nuevas tecnologías como modo de control, tutorización y seguimiento de tareas y potenciación de la relación profesor-alumno dentro de la asignatura. Dentro de este planteamiento se ha generado una herramienta nuclear que sirve de portal de acceso y comunicación de la asignatura: la web iala.udc.es.

Early diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU) became a goal worth pursuing following demonstration of the efficacy of the dietary treatment conceived by Louis I Woolf. This paper narrates the history of this treatment, describes Woolf's role in the establishment of neonatal PKU screening and surveys his other contributions to our understanding of this condition. If Woolf, Centerwall, Baird and Berry had waited until all the scientific evidence about PKU that is now at our disposal had been brought to light, there would still be no neonatal screening programmes.

Se analiza y compara la estructura, composición y biodiversidad de un sabinar litoral y su matorral de sucesión en el Médano del Asperillo (Espacio Natural Doñana, al suroeste de España) a través de diagramas de estructura, el índice de valor de importancia e índices de biodiversidad alfa, paramétricos y no paramétricos. Dicho análisis permite establecer el ritmo diacrónico, lo cambios en la estructura y composición, así como en la biodiversidad entre las dos comunidades vegetales: el matorral de monte blanco desarrollado sobre un área desforestada desde el año 1947 hasta la actualidad, y una fragmento de sabinar en el sitio de las Atarazanas desde esa misma fecha. The purpose of this work, consisted in the analysis and compa - rison of the structure, composition and biodiversity of the Coastal Phoe - nicean juniper and its Scrub Succession, throughout structure diagrams, importance value and both parametrical/no parametrical biodiversity alpha indexes. These species can be found in the Natural Space of Doñana, located at the southwest of Spain, specifically at Medano del Asperillo. This analysis, allows to establish the diachronically rhythm, structure, composition and biodiversity changes between both plant communities: The scrub monte bllanco, based upon the deforested area since 1947 and a sample of the Sabinar taken from las Artaranzas of the same year.

[Resumo] La consecución de centros superiores de enseñanza ha sido una constante demanda de la ciudad de A Coruña, conformándose como un proyecto colectivo que se materializó en 1947 con la inauguración de los primeros edificios de la Ciudad Escolar, ubicada en la zona de Riazor y constituida por una serie de espacios libres y edificios de uso docente. Una ambiciosa propuesta urbana de creación de un conjunto universitario elaborada por el arquitecto Antonio Tenreiro, devino en la construcción de cuatro edificios proyectados por él: la Escuela de Magisterio, el Instituto de Enseñanzas Medias, la Escuela de Comercio y la Escuela de Náutica. [Abstract] The city of A Coruña had long been clamoring for the establishment of institutions of higher education. This demand was materialized in 1947 with the opening of the first buildings belonging to the college campus located in the Riazor area, with facilities that included open spaces and buildings to be used exclusively as classrooms. This ambitious urban project for a university complex designed by the architect Antonio Tenreiro resulted in the construction of four buildings: the School of Education, a High School, the Business School and the Naval Academy.

[Resumen] El texto recorre la presencia de la Santa Sede en las distintas Exposiciones Internacionales, tanto de carácter universal como de carácter temático, desde la creación del Estado Vaticano en 1929 hasta nuestros días. Con estos pabellones, los distintos papas —desde Pío XI a Benedicto XVI— quisieron hacer presente a la Iglesia católica en los foros internacionales, entendiéndolos como actos de evangelización potencial frente al laicismo contemporáneo. [Abstract] The text traces the presence of the Holy See in the different international exhibitions, both universal and thematic, from the creation of the Vatican State in 1929 until today. With these pavilions, the popes from Pius XI to Benedict XVI, wanted to represent the Catholic Church in international forums, understanding them as potential acts of evangelization against contemporary secularism.

We report a case of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with neurological and respiratory alterations due to a heterozygotic c.374-1G > A mutation of TITF1/NKX2-1. The hypothyroidism was detected using a neonatal screening protocol in which the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) threshold is re-set each day on the basis of within-day variability and between-day variation. In this case, the threshold on the day of the initial analysis was 8.2 mIU/L, and the measured TSH level in heel-prick blood was 8.3 mIU/L. Conflict of interest:None declared.

Edificado en condiciones de Ville Radieuse —según expresión de Le Corbusier—, Porte Molitor ha sido siempre considerado el hábitat corbuseriano por excelencia. Ello ha oscurecido otro lugar donde vivió diecisiete largos y fecundos años: la casa apartamento junto a Saint Germain, donde residió entre 1917 y 1934. Es el hábitat desconocido: la maison cachée de Le Corbusier. Esta monografía pretende analizar esta casa escondida en su doble aspecto del hábitat y del habitar. Descubrir el lugar y el espacio donde Le Corbusier vivía y su modo de habitarlo, haciendo de la maison cachée un antecedente del hábitat radieuse.