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199 results on '"Kawachi, Y."'

1. Observation of Declination Dependence in the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum

Author

The Telescope Array Collaboration, Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Buckland, I., Campbell, W., Cheon, B. G., Endo, K., Fedynitch, A., Fujii, T., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Gerber, Z., Globus, N., Hanlon, W., Hayashida, N., He, H., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Ikeda, D., Ishii, T., Ivanov, D., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kawachi, Y., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. W., Kobo, R., Komae, I., Komatsu, K., Komori, K., Koyama, C., Kudenko, M., Kuroiwa, M., Kusumori, Y., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lee, M. J., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Matsuzawa, A., Matthews, J. A., Matthews, J. N., Mizuno, K., Mori, M., Murakami, M., Nagataki, S., Nakahara, M., Nakamura, T., Nakayama, T., Nakayama, Y., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohoka, H., Okazaki, N., Onishi, M., Oshima, A., Oshima, H., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Park, K. Y., Potts, M., Przybylak, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rott, C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakaki, N., Sakamoto, R., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sakurai, S., Sato, D., Sato, S., Sekino, K., Shibata, T., Shikita, J., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinozaki, K., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, K., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Udo, S., Urban, F., Vaiman, I. A., Vrábel, M., Warren, D., Yamazaki, K., Zhezher, Y., Zundel, Z., and Zvirzdin, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report on an observation of the difference between northern and southern skies of the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray energy spectrum with a significance of ${\sim}8\sigma$. We use measurements from the two largest experiments$\unicode{x2014}$the Telescope Array observing the northern hemisphere and the Pierre Auger Observatory viewing the southern hemisphere. Since the comparison of two measurements from different observatories introduces the issue of possible systematic differences between detectors and analyses, we validate the methodology of the comparison by examining the region of the sky where the apertures of the two observatories overlap. Although the spectra differ in this region, we find that there is only a $1.8\sigma$ difference between the spectrum measurements when anisotropic regions are removed and a fiducial cut in the aperture is applied., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

3. A single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label, clinical trial of ceramide 2-containing hydrocolloid dressings versus polyurethane film dressings for pressure ulcer prevention in high-risk surgical patients

Author

Kohta M, Sakamoto K, Kawachi Y, and Oh-i T

Subjects
Pressure ulcer prevention, operating room, wound dressing, friction, skin protection, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Masushi Kohta,1 Kazumi Sakamoto,2 Yasuhiro Kawachi,3 Tsunao Oh-i4 1Medical Engineering Laboratory, ALCARE Co, Ltd, Tokyo, 2Department of Nursing, 3Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, 4Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan Purpose: There have been previous clinical studies regarding the impact of dressings on the prevention of pressure ulcer development. However, it remains unclear whether one type of dressing is better than any other type for preventing ulcer development during surgery. Therefore, we compared the effects of ceramide 2-containing hydrocolloid dressing with film dressings in high-risk patients with regard to reducing the incidence of pressure ulcer development during surgery. Patients and methods: A prospective, randomized, open-label, clinical trial was conducted involving patients who were at a high risk of developing pressure ulcers at a Japanese hospital. The intervention group received ceramide 2-containing hydrocolloid dressings (n=66), and the control group received film dressings (n=64). The primary end point was the incidence rate of pressure ulcer development in both groups; skin damage, such as blanchable erythema, skin discoloration, contact dermatitis, and stripped skin, was recorded as the secondary end point. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed to compare the probability ratios of pressure ulcer development between the groups. Results: There were significantly fewer patients who developed pressure ulcers in the intervention group than in the control group (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.05–0.99; P=0.04). In the post hoc subgroup analysis, the superiority of the intervention group was more marked when patients had a lower body mass index (P=0.02), lower albumin values (P=0.07), and operation time of 3 hours or more and less than 6 hours (P=0.03). There was no evidence of any statistically significant differences in the types of skin damage reported. Conclusion: Application of ceramide 2-containing hydrocolloid dressing reduced the risk of pressure ulcer development in patients who were at a high risk during surgery compared with film dressings. Keywords: operating room, wound dressing, friction, skin protection, shear

Published
2015

4. 1417P Prediction of the peritoneal recurrence by macroscopic diagnosis of the serosal invasion in gastric cancer: Supplementary analysis of JCOG0110 study

Author

Terashima, M., primary, Sano, T., additional, Mizusawa, J., additional, Uemura, K., additional, Tokunaga, M., additional, Omori, T., additional, Cho, H., additional, Hasegawa, Y., additional, Akiyama, Y., additional, Tsujitani, H., additional, Kawashima, Y., additional, Kawachi, Y., additional, Lee, S.W., additional, Boku, N., additional, Yoshikawa, T., additional, and Sasako, M., additional

Published
2021
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6. Impact of helium neutral gas puff on plasma turbulence in linear magnetized argon plasmas

Author

Kobayashi, Tatsuya, KIN, F., Kawachi, Y., Sasaki, Makoto, Kosuga, Yusuke, Yamasaki, K., INAGAKI, Sigeru, Kobayashi, Tatsuya, KIN, F., Kawachi, Y., Sasaki, Makoto, Kosuga, Yusuke, Yamasaki, K., and INAGAKI, Sigeru

Abstract

In order to explore the impact of the neutrals on the plasma turbulence, a new gas puff system is developed for a linear magnetized plasma column PANTA. Helium gas is injected into the argon plasma without changing the electron density profile. After the helium gas puff, the dominant fluctuation mode changes from the broadband m = 2 drift wave to the coherent m = 1 mode, where m is the azimuthal mode number. Accordingly, the property of the nonlinear coupling with other fluctuating modes changes from broadband couplings to coherent couplings., source:Phys. Plasmas 27, 062309 (2020), source:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0007899, identifier:0000-0001-5669-1937

Published
2021

7. Evaluation of abrupt energy transfer among turbulent plasma structures using singular value decomposition

Author

Sasaki, Makoto, Kobayashi, Tatsuya, DENDY, R.O., Kawachi, Y., Arakawa, H., INAGAKI, Shigeru, Sasaki, Makoto, Kobayashi, Tatsuya, DENDY, R.O., Kawachi, Y., Arakawa, H., and INAGAKI, Shigeru

Abstract

A method to quantify the energy transfer among turbulent structures using singular value decomposition (SVD) is presented. We apply the method to numerical turbulence data obtained from a global plasma simulation using the Hasegawa–Wakatani fluid model, in which the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability plays a dominant role. Using the SVD method, the electrostatic potential is decomposed into a background potential deformation, a zonal flow, a coherent mode and an intermittent structure. Thus there are four key structures, as distinct from the three found in conventional theory. The kinetic energy of each structure is evaluated, and the limit cycle among them is obtained. In the limit cycle, an abrupt change of the background is found to be synchronised with the period of the zonal flow. The energy transfer function of each turbulence structure, which is defined on the basis of a vorticity equation, is evaluated. This then provides physical understanding of how the limit cycle is sustained by dynamical changes in the energy transfer among structures over the its period. In addition, it is shown that the abrupt deformation of the background is caused by the non-linear self-coupling of the intermittent structure., source:Citation M Sasaki et al 2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 63 025004, source:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/abcb46, identifier:0000-0001-6835-1569

Published
2021

8. Interactions of drift wave turbulence with streamer flows in wave-kinetic formalism

Author

Sasaki, M., Arakawa, H., Kobayashi, T., Fumiyoshi, Kin, Kawachi, Y., Yamada, T., Itoh, K., Sasaki, M., Arakawa, H., Kobayashi, T., Fumiyoshi, Kin, Kawachi, Y., Yamada, T., and Itoh, K.

Abstract

Interaction between drift wave turbulence and streamer flow in magnetized plasmas is investigated in the framework of wave-kinetic theory. By performing a wave-kinetic simulation of turbulence coupling with the streamer flow, the role of the phase-space dynamics of turbulence is clarified. Here, the phase-space consists of the real space and wavenumber space. As a consequence of the phase-space dynamics, the turbulence is trapped in the flow and propagates with the streamer. Because of the trapping, the asymmetry of the turbulence intensity with respect to the sign of the flow curvature appears. The trajectories of the turbulence wave-packet, which are the characteristic curves of the wave-kinetic solution, can be categorized by the trapping, passing, and scattering. Therefore, the obtained phase-space structure of the turbulence can be understood by their trajectories. The propagation direction and speed are found to be governed by the turbulence spectrum. The obtained characteristics can be explained by the theoretical analysis.

Published
2021

21. A randomized phase III trial comparing 4 courses and 8 courses of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy for p-stage II gastric cancer: JCOG1104 (OPAS-1)

Author

Yoshikawa, T., primary, Terashima, M., additional, Mizusawa, J., additional, Nunobe, S., additional, Nishida, Y., additional, Kaji, M., additional, Fukushima, N., additional, Hato, S., additional, Choda, Y., additional, Yabusaki, H., additional, Yoshida, K., additional, Ito, S., additional, Takeno, A., additional, Yasuda, T., additional, Kawachi, Y., additional, Katayama, H., additional, Fukuda, H., additional, Boku, N., additional, Sano, T., additional, and Sasako, M., additional

Published
2017
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28. Lessons from loricrin-deficient mice: compensatory mechanisms maintaining skin barrier function in the absence of a major cornified envelope protein

Author

Koch, P. J., Viragh, P. A., Scharer, E., Bundman, D., Longley, M. A., Bickenbach, J., Kawachi, Y., Suga, Y., Zhou, Z., Marcel Huber, Hohl, D., Kartasova, T., Jarnik, M., Steven, A. C., and Roop, D. R.

Subjects
integumentary system, Adaptation, Biological Amino Acid Sequence Animals Biomechanics Cell Membrane Cloning, Molecular Epidermis/*physiology Intermediate Filament Proteins/biosynthesis Membrane Proteins/deficiency/*genetics Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Molecular Sequence Data Permeability S100 Proteins/biosynthesis Skin Physiology/*genetics Up-Regulation
Abstract

The epidermal cornified cell envelope (CE) is a complex protein-lipid composite that replaces the plasma membrane of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. This lamellar structure is essential for the barrier function of the skin and has the ability to prevent the loss of water and ions and to protect from environmental hazards. The major protein of the epidermal CE is loricrin, contributing approximately 70% by mass. We have generated mice that are deficient for this protein. These mice showed a delay in the formation of the skin barrier in embryonic development. At birth, homozygous mutant mice weighed less than control littermates and showed skin abnormalities, such as congenital erythroderma with a shiny, translucent skin. Tape stripping experiments suggested that the stratum corneum stability was reduced in newborn Lor(-/-) mice compared with wild-type controls. Isolated mutant CEs were more easily fragmented by sonication in vitro, indicating a greater susceptibility to mechanical stress. Nevertheless, we did not detect impaired epidermal barrier function in these mice. Surprisingly, the skin phenotype disappeared 4-5 d after birth. At least one of the compensatory mechanisms preventing a more severe skin phenotype in newborn Lor(-/-) mice is an increase in the expression of other CE components, such as SPRRP2D and SPRRP2H, members of the family of "small proline rich proteins", and repetin, a member of the "fused gene" subgroup of the S100 gene family.

Published
2000

41. Characterization of intermediate T-cell receptor cells expanding in the liver, thymus and other organs in autoimmune <em>lpr</em> mice: parallel analysis with their normal counterparts.

Author

Iiai, T., Kimura, M., Kawachi, Y., Hirokawa, K., Watanabe, H., Hatakeyama, K., and Abo, T.

Subjects
T cells, LYMPHOCYTES, CELL receptors, AUTOIMMUNE diseases, LABORATORY mice, CELL differentiation
Abstract

Autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr (lpr) mice were previously demonstrated to have an abnormal proliferation of intermediate T-cell receptor (TCR) cells of extrathymic origin in the liver. Despite this situation, thymectomy in lpr mice resulted in amelioration of autoimmune disease. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated associated T-cell differentiation in the thymus and other organs of these mice. When the disease was evoked, T cells with extrathymic properties, i.e. intermediate TCR-αβ cells expressing double-negative (DN) CD4-8- phenotype and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor β-chain, became prominent not only in the liver, but also in the thymus. Such thymic T cells mainly resided in the medulla. A small-scale localization of such T cells was seen in the thymic medulla even in normal control mice. There was a heterogeneity among intermediate TCR cells in terms of the composition of DN cells and the expression of CD2 and B220 antigens, depending on the organs and the sites in the same organ. Intermediate TCR cells in the liver, thymus and autoimmune target organs (e.g. kidney) contained a high proportion of the active form (CD2+B220-), while intermediate TCR cells accumulating in peripheral organs, the spleen and lymph nodes, were mainly of the inactive form (CD2-B220+). The active form had an ability to proliferate in response to IL-2 and SEB, whereas the inactive form did not. The present results suggest that the proliferation of intermediate TCR cells occur at multiple sites; this may explain the effect of thymectomy, namely, the retarded onset of disease, in lpr mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995

42. Origin of CD57 T cells which increase at tumour sites in patients with colorectal cancer.

Author

Okada, T., Hai, T., Kawachi, Y., Moroda, T., Takh, Y., Hatakeyama, K., and Abo, T.

Subjects
T cells, LYMPHOCYTES, COLON cancer, CANCER patients, BONE marrow, IMMUNE system
Abstract

Human T cells carrying natural killer (NK) markers. CD57 or CD56 antigens, appear to be distinguishable from other T cell subsets in terms of their granular lymphocyte morphology and their numerical increase in patients with AIDS and in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. At the begining of this study, we observed that CD57+ T cells as well as CD56+ T cells were abundant at tumour sites in many patients with colorectal cancer. Since all these findings for CD57+ T cells are quite similar to those of extrathymic T cells seen in mice, we investigated how CD57+ T cells are distributed to various immune organs in humans. They were found to be present mainly in the bone marrow and liver, but to be completely absent in the thymus. Similar to the case of extrathymic T cells in mice, they were observed to consist of double-negative CD-8- subsets as well as single-positive subsets (preponderance of CD8+ cells), and to contain a considerable proportion of γδ T cells. These features are striking when compared with those of CD57+ T cells, which are characterized by an abundance of CD4+ subsets and αβ T cells. Not only at tumour sites but also in the peripheral blood, some patients with colorectal cancer displayed elevated levels of CD57+ cells, These results suggest that CD57+ T cells may be of extrathymic origin, possibly originating in the bone marrow and liver, and may be associated with tumour immunity, similar to another extrathymic population of CD56+ T cells in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995

43. Nitroglycerin as a nitric oxide donor accelerates lipid peroxidation but preserves ventricular function in a canine model of orthotopic heart transplantation

Author

Tanoue, Y., Morita, S., Ochiai, Y., Haraguchi, N., Tominaga, R., Kawachi, Y., and Yasui, H.

Abstract

Background: Nitric oxide has cardioprotective effects through several mechanisms. However, nitric oxide may have deleterious effects in the presence of superoxide because it is converted to peroxynitrite, which then initiates lipid peroxidation. Using a canine model of orthotopic heart transplantation, we examined whether adding an organic nitric oxide donor, nitroglycerin, to preservation solution elicits lipid peroxidation after reperfusion and causes deleterious effects on coronary endothelial function and left ventricular function. Methods and results: The donor heart was preserved for 24 hours in cold University of Wisconsin solution with nitroglycerin (0.1 mg/mL) supplementation (group NTG, n = 8) or in standard University of Wisconsin solution (group C, n = 8). After reperfusion, changes of coronary resistance were measured during the infusion of acetylcholine (0.1 mg/min) and of sodium nitroprusside (1 mg/min), and percent coronary relaxation was calculated. Left ventricular function was evaluated by pressure-volume relations with the use of a conductance catheter, thereby deriving the slopes of end-systolic pressure-volume relation, stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation, and maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure-end-diastolic volume relation. Serum lipid peroxide level was measured. Percent coronary relaxation was similar for the 2 groups. The slopes of end-systolic pressure-volume relation, stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation, and maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure-end-diastolic volume relation in group NTG were significantly higher than those in group C. On the other side, serum lipid peroxide level in group NTG was significantly higher than that in group C. Conclusions: Nitroglycerin may have detrimental effects evidenced by the increase in lipid peroxidation, which implied peroxynitrite formation. However, the overall effect of nitroglycerin was cardioprotective. Although the exact mechanism is yet to be clarified, the superb cardioprotective effect of nitroglycerin overwhelms the exaggeration of lipid peroxidation. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:547-56)

Published
1999
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44. Clinical results of arterial switch operation for double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD.

Author

Masuda, M, Kado, H, Shiokawa, Y, Fukae, K, Kanegae, Y, Kawachi, Y, Morita, S, and Yasui, H

Abstract

An arterial switch operation is considered a good alternative for the repair of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with atrioventricular concordance connection and subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (VSD) when intraventricular rerouting is not feasible. The clinical results of an arterial switch operation with ventricular septal defect closure for this anomaly were studied.

Published
1999
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46. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation with the lazaroid U74500A attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in a canine orthotopic heart transplantation model

Author

Tanoue, Y., Morita, S., Ochiai, Y., Hisahara, M., Masuda, M., Kawachi, Y., Tominaga, R., and Yasui, H.

Abstract

Background: The lazaroid U74500A is a 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation and attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury. We examined the effect of U74500A on heart preservation with the use of a clinically relevant canine orthotopic heart transplantation model. Methods and results: Six donor dogs (group L) were pretreated intravenously with U74500A (10 mg/kg), and the dogs without pretreatment served as a control (group C, n = 6). The donor heart was preserved in cold University of Wisconsin solution for 24 hours. The heart was then transplanted orthotopically. Myocardial biopsy was performed to measure the adenosine triphosphate level at the end of ischemia. Before reperfusion, recipients in group L received another dose of U74500A (10 mg/kg) intravenously. After 3 hours of reperfusion, left ventricular function was evaluated by left ventricular pressure-volume relations with the use of a Millar catheter and conductance catheter, thereby deriving the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation, the slope of the stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation, and the slope of the maximum dP/dt-end-diastolic volume relation. At the same time, serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme and lipid peroxide levels were measured. The slopes of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation, the stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation, and the maximum dP/dt-end-diastolic volume relation for group L were significantly higher than those for group C. The adenosine triphosphate levels for group L were significantly higher than those for group C. Serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme and lipid peroxide levels for group L were significantly lower than those for group C. Conclusions: Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the administration of U74500A was effective for 24-hour canine cardiac preservation. These results indicate that U74500A is a promising agent for heart allograft preservation. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1996;112:1017-26)

Published
1996
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48. The effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile systemic perfusion on renal sympathetic nerve activity in anesthetized dogs

Author

Fukae, K., Tominaga, R., Tokunaga, S., Kawachi, Y., Imaizumi, T., and Yasui, H.

Abstract

It is still controversial whether to pulse or not to pulse for the establishment of ideal extracorporeal circulation. We directly measured the renal sympathetic nerve activity in mongrel dogs (n = 10, weighing from 13 to 21 kg) to determine the effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile systemic perfusion on the control of the sympathetic nerve activity during left ventricular assistance. Pulsatile perfusion was generated with an air-driven, diaphragm-type blood pump, and nonpulsatile perfusion was generated with a centrifugal pump. Renal sympathetic nerve activity and the blood flow of the descending aorta were then recorded during pulsatile and nonpulsatile systemic perfusion. Other variables, such as mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, left atrial pressure, and blood gas levels, were kept constant. At the same mean arterial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity during pulsatile perfusion decreased significantly to 80% of renal sympathetic nerve activity during nonpulsatile perfusion (26.8 +/- 2.4 vs 33.4 +/- 2.9 spikes/sec, p < 0.01). Total systemic vascular resistance during pulsatile perfusion decreased significantly to 85% of that during nonpulsatile perfusion (5700 +/- 580 vs 6667 +/- 709 dynes . sec . cm^-^5, p < 0.05). These results suggest that pulsatile systemic perfusion, compared with nonpulsatile systemic perfusion, reduces sympathetic nerve activity and peripheral vascular resistance and thus may improve both microcirculation and organ function. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1996;111:478-84)

Published
1996
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49. Interlayered biotite-kaolin and other altered biotites, and their relevance to the biotite isograd in eastern Otago, New Zealand

Author

Craw, D., Coombs, D. S., and Kawachi, Y.

Abstract

AbstractGreen biotite-like material occurring in Haast Schist at Brighton, eastern Otago, consists of biotite and a kaolin-group mineral interlayered on a 1 µm scale. Electron probe analyses of composite grains show K2O contents of 4.4 to 8.5 wt.%, in part reflecting the kaolin content, and in part, leaching of K+ions. Phengitic muscovite shows similar but less extreme effects. Kaolin, siderite, calcite, and titanium oxides have formed in the rock during hydrothermal alteration of epidote, sphene, and biotite by carbonated waters. Potassium leaching due to surficial weathering processes appears to be widespread in biotites from the schists of eastern Otago, and biotites (hydrobiotites?) with K2O as low as 4 wt. % are reported. Similar material with 0.8 to 2.4% K2O and with Na2O about 1% is thought to be more highly degraded biotite. Microprobe analyses of kaolin and chlorites from associated rocks are given in addition to those of ‘biotite’ and phengitic muscovite. Analyses of sheet biotite and sheet muscovite from the Mataketake Range pegmatites in the highest grade parts of the Haast Schist terrane are presented for comparison. The study shows that biotite is more widespread in eastern Otago than was previously thought, and that almandine-rich garnet is not confirmed down-grade of the first appearance of biotite in eastern Otago.

Published
1982
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