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2. PADAPT 1.0 – the Pannonian Dataset of Plant Traits

Author

Sonkoly, Judit, Tóth, Edina, Balogh, Nóra, Balogh, Lajos, Bartha, Dénes, Csendesné Bata, Kinga, Bátori, Zoltán, Békefi, Nóra, Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Bölöni, János, Csecserits, Anikó, Csiky, János, Csontos, Péter, Dancza, István, Deák, Balázs, Dobolyi, Zoltán Konstantin, E-Vojtkó, Anna, Gyulai, Ferenc, Hábenczyus, Alida Anna, Henn, Tamás, Horváth, Ferenc, Höhn, Mária, Jakab, Gusztáv, Kelemen, András, Király, Gergely, Kis, Szabolcs, Kovacsics-Vári, Gergely, Kun, András, Lehoczky, Éva, Lengyel, Attila, Lhotsky, Barbara, Löki, Viktor, Lukács, Balázs András, Matus, Gábor, McIntosh-Buday, Andrea, Mesterházy, Attila, Miglécz, Tamás, Molnár V, Attila, Molnár, Zsolt, Morschhauser, Tamás, Papp, László, Pósa, Patrícia, Rédei, Tamás, Schmidt, Dávid, Szmorad, Ferenc, Takács, Attila, Tamás, Júlia, Tiborcz, Viktor, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Tóth, Katalin, Tóthmérész, Béla, Valkó, Orsolya, Virók, Viktor, Wirth, Tamás, and Török, Péter

Published
2023
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4. Study of the Effect of Temperature on the Production of Carrageenan-Based Buccal Films and Optimization of the Process Parameters.

Author

Kristó, Katalin, Sangestani, Anahita, Hassan, Alharith A. A., Rayya, Hala, Pamlényi, Krisztián, Kelemen, András, and Csóka, Ildikó

Subjects
DRUG delivery systems, ORAL drug administration, PATIENT compliance, GLYCERIN, TEMPERATURE effect, CARRAGEENANS
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Films in the mouth offer a promising alternative drug delivery system for oral administration, with several advantages over traditional oral formulations. Furthermore, their non-invasive nature and easy administration make them conducive to increasing patient compliance. The use of active agents in these films can further improve their drug delivery properties, making them an even more useful drug delivery system. Methods: In this research, carrageenan was used as a polymer, while glycerine was added as a plasticizer, furthermore, lidocaine hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium were used as the active agents. The prepared films were characterized by analytical techniques. Results: The results showed that glycerine reduced the mucoadhesivity and breaking hardness of the films and increasing the temperature made the films brittle. These results are also confirmed by the statistical analysis. Based on the FTIR results, glycerine can be used in films without structural changes. Conclusions: Based on the findings, films prepared from a solution with a concentration of 1.5% carrageenan and 1.5% glycerine at 70 °C are suitable as a drug delivery system for use on the buccal mucosa when combined with active agents. Carrageenan was successfully used as a carrier for two different types of active agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Modeling reactive magnetron sputtering: a survey of different modeling approaches

Author

Madarász Rossi Róbert, Kelemen András, and Kádár Péter

Subjects
mathematical modeling, parameter identification, control theory, computer simulation, reactive magnetron sputtering, 93-10, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

The paper focuses on providing an insight into the current state of computational modeling regarding reactive magnetron sputtering systems. A detailed compilation of developed models is gathered and grouped into categories based on the phenomena being modeled. The survey covers models developed for the analysis of magnetron discharges, particle-surface interactions at the target and the substrate, as well as macroscopic models. Corresponding software packages available online are also presented. After gaining the necessary insight into the current state of research, a list of the most challenging tasks is given, comparing diffierent approaches, that have been used to combat the encountered difficulties. The challenges associated with modeling tasks range from analytical complexity, mathematical know-how used for model approximation and reduction, as well as optimization between computational load and result accuracy. As a conclusion, the future challenges are compiled into a list and a probable direction in modeling is given, that is likely to be further pursued.

Published
2020
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8. Explosive spread of sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), a C4 perennial bunchgrass, threatens unique grasslands in Hungary (Central Europe).

Author

Kröel-Dulay, György, Rigó, Attila, Tanács, Eszter, Szitár, Katalin, Ónodi, Gábor, Aradi, Eszter, Bakró-Nagy, Zsolt, Biró, Marianna, Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Kalapos, Tibor, Kelemen, András, Laborczi, Annamária, Pásztor, László, Rabuogi, Quinter Akinyi, and Mojzes, Andrea

Subjects
RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022-, GROUND cover plants, SANDY soils, STEPPES, GRASSLANDS
Abstract

Sporobolus cryptandrus is a C4 perennial bunchgrass native to extensive areas of North America. As a non-native species, it has been reported from several continents, and it has been described as a transformer species in sand steppes of Central and Eastern Europe. However, its spreading ability across the landscape and within habitats has not been quantified, and factors determining its success have not yet been assessed. In this study, we focused on the largest stronghold of S. cryptandrus invasion in Hungary, where the species was first recorded in 2016, and investigated its present distribution in the landscape by mapping along dirt roads. In a separate local study in a heavily infested sand dune site of 2 km2, we assessed the infestation level and factors affecting the species' establishment. Our landscape-scale mapping found that in April 2023, the distribution of S. cryptandrus encompassed a largely contiguous 600 km2, with documented presence from 282 1-km2 mapping units. The species occurred more than 5 m away from roads in 71 mapping units, mostly in the centre of its distribution area. Sporobolus cryptandrus presence was negatively related to soil organic matter content and positively related to sand content. At the local scale, we found the species in 39% of vegetation plots in a sand dune site originally covered by Pannonic sand steppes, a priority habitat in the EU Habitats Directive. Sporobolus cryptandrus presence at this site was negatively related to the total cover of resident grassland but, surprisingly, was unrelated to the distance from roads. Collectively, these results suggest that primary spread occurs mostly along roads; these roadside populations likely serve as sources for establishment in neighbouring grasslands, but subsequent mass invasion becomes independent from roads. Together with the species' broad macroclimatic tolerance in North America and reported mass invasion events in Ukraine and Russia, our results suggest that S. cryptandrus likely poses a broad-scale threat to Eurasian dry grasslands, in particular on coarse-textured sandy soils with low vegetation cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Modeling and stability analysis of the nonlinear reactive sputtering process

Author

György Katalin, Kelemen András, and Papp Sándor

Subjects
reactive sputtering process, dynamical modeling, linearization, steady state operating point, stability, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The model of the reactive sputtering process has been determined from the dynamic equilibrium of the reactive gas inside the chamber and the dynamic equilibrium of the sputtered metal atoms which form the compound with the reactive gas atoms on the surface of the substrate. The analytically obtained dynamical model is a system of nonlinear differential equations which can result in a histeresis-type input/output nonlinearity. The reactive sputtering process has been simulated by integrating these differential equations. Linearization has been applied for classical analysis of the sputtering process and control system design.

Published
2011

21. Vertical distribution of soil seed bank and the ecological importance of deeply buried seeds in alkaline grasslands

Author

Tóth, Ágnes, primary, Deák, Balázs, additional, Tóth, Katalin, additional, Kiss, Réka, additional, Lukács, Katalin, additional, Rádai, Zoltán, additional, Godó, Laura, additional, Borza, Sándor, additional, Kelemen, András, additional, Miglécz, Tamás, additional, Bátori, Zoltán, additional, Novák, Tibor József, additional, and Valkó, Orsolya, additional

Published
2022
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24. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Preislerová, Zdenka, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Axmanová, Irena, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching‐Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Burrascano, Sabina, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Meier, Eliane Seraina, Memariani, Farshid, Bartha, Sándor, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Boch, Steffen, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez‐Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall‐Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez‐Rojo, Maria Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Conradi, Timo, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, De Frenne, Pieter, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek‐Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Essl, Franz, Teleki, Balázs, Tichý, Lubomír, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Filibeck, Goffredo, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović‐Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Hájek, Michal, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Dengler, Jürgen, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Bello, Francesco, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc‐Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergő, Anna Mária, Cykowska‐Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka‐Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka‐Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiří, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, García‐Magro, Daniel, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez‐Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Preislerová, Zdenka, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Axmanová, Irena, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching‐Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Burrascano, Sabina, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Meier, Eliane Seraina, Memariani, Farshid, Bartha, Sándor, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Boch, Steffen, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez‐Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall‐Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez‐Rojo, Maria Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Conradi, Timo, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, De Frenne, Pieter, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek‐Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Essl, Franz, Teleki, Balázs, Tichý, Lubomír, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Filibeck, Goffredo, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović‐Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Hájek, Michal, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Dengler, Jürgen, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Bello, Francesco, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc‐Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergő, Anna Mária, Cykowska‐Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka‐Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka‐Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiří, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, García‐Magro, Daniel, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez‐Girón, Alba, and Helm, Aveliina

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/datab ases/Grass landD ivers ityEx plorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

25. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Swacha, Grzegorz, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, J., Pauli, Harald, Molnár, Zsolt, Axmanová, Irena, Li, Ching-Feng, Yonghong Li, Frank, Liendo, Diego, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Pärtel, Meelis, Tichý, Lubomír, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Burrascano, Sabina, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Talebi, Amir, Pätsch, Ricarda, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Chiarucci, A., Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Bartha, Sándor, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Prentice, Honor C., Mugnai, Michele, Teleki, Balázs, Pedashenko, Hristo, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Roleček, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Chocarro, Cristina, Essl, Franz, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez-Rojo, María Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Janišová, Monika, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Conradi, Timo, Conti, Luisa, Sanaei, Anvar, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Sebastià, María Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Csergő, Anna Mária, Sonkoly, Judit, De Frenne, Pieter, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Gaia Sperandii, Marta, Terzi, Massimo, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Winkler, Manuela, Ingerpuu, Nele, Filibeck, Goffredo, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar Pérez, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, de Bello, Francesco, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Wang, Yun, Hájek, Michal, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, Czortek, Patryk, White, Hannah, Natcheva, Rayna, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jand, Ute, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Jiménez Alfaro, Borja, Dengler, Jürgen, Danihelka, Jiří, Wu, Jianshuang, Kuzemko, Anna, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Rosario, Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Jeanneret, Philippe, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Ninot, Josep M., Jentsch, Anke, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Jeltsch, Florian, Nobis, Marcin, Bergamini, Ariel, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Prasad, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Noroozi, Jalil, Carboni, Marta, Jensen, Kai, Deák. Balázs, Ceulemans, Tobías, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Stevens, Carly, Kącki, Zygmunt, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Boch, Steffen, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Stifter, Simon, Fotiadis, Georgios, Preislerová, Zdenka, García-Magro, Daniel, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Suchrow, Sigrid, Gutiérrez-Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Herrera, Mercedes, Palpurina, Salza, Kapfer, Jutta, Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Swacha, Grzegorz, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, J., Pauli, Harald, Molnár, Zsolt, Axmanová, Irena, Li, Ching-Feng, Yonghong Li, Frank, Liendo, Diego, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Pärtel, Meelis, Tichý, Lubomír, Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Burrascano, Sabina, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Talebi, Amir, Pätsch, Ricarda, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Chiarucci, A., Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Bartha, Sándor, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Prentice, Honor C., Mugnai, Michele, Teleki, Balázs, Pedashenko, Hristo, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Roleček, Jan, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Chocarro, Cristina, Essl, Franz, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez-Rojo, María Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Janišová, Monika, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Conradi, Timo, Conti, Luisa, Sanaei, Anvar, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Sebastià, María Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Csergő, Anna Mária, Sonkoly, Judit, De Frenne, Pieter, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Gaia Sperandii, Marta, Terzi, Massimo, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Winkler, Manuela, Ingerpuu, Nele, Filibeck, Goffredo, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar Pérez, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, de Bello, Francesco, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Wang, Yun, Hájek, Michal, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, Czortek, Patryk, White, Hannah, Natcheva, Rayna, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Jand, Ute, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Jiménez Alfaro, Borja, Dengler, Jürgen, Danihelka, Jiří, Wu, Jianshuang, Kuzemko, Anna, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Rosario, Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Jeanneret, Philippe, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Ninot, Josep M., Jentsch, Anke, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Jeltsch, Florian, Nobis, Marcin, Bergamini, Ariel, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Prasad, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Noroozi, Jalil, Carboni, Marta, Jensen, Kai, Deák. Balázs, Ceulemans, Tobías, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Stevens, Carly, Kącki, Zygmunt, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Boch, Steffen, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Stifter, Simon, Fotiadis, Georgios, Preislerová, Zdenka, García-Magro, Daniel, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Suchrow, Sigrid, Gutiérrez-Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Herrera, Mercedes, Palpurina, Salza, and Kapfer, Jutta

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

29. Laundry washing increases dispersal efficiency of cloth-dispersed propagules

Author

Valkó, Orsolya, primary, Lukács, Katalin, additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Kiss, Réka, additional, Miglécz, Tamás, additional, Tóth, Katalin, additional, Tóth, Ágnes, additional, Godó, Laura, additional, Radócz, Szilvia, additional, Sonkoly, Judit, additional, Kelemen, András, additional, and Tóthmérész, Bela, additional

Published
2020
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31. Cultural heritage and biodiversity conservation – plant introduction and practical restoration on ancient burial mounds

Author

Valkó, Orsolya, Tóth, Katalin, Kelemen, András, Miglécz, Tamás, Radócz, Szilvia, Sonkoly, Judit, Tóthmérész, Béla, Török, Péter, and Deák, Balázs

Subjects
Természettudományok, lcsh:QH1-199.5, lcsh:QH540-549.5, cultural ecosystem servicesendangered speciesgrassland restorationlandscape conservationlandscape elementreintroduction, Biológiai tudományok, lcsh:Ecology, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
Abstract

Linking the conservation of cultural heritage and natural values provides a unique opportunity for preserving traditional landscapes and receives an increased awareness from stakeholders and society. Ancient burial mounds are proper objects of such projects as they are iconic landscape elements of the Eurasian steppes and often act as refugia for grassland specialist species. The aim of this project was to reintroduce grassland plant species to burial mounds for representing them as cultural monuments with the associated biodiversity for the public. The effectiveness of seed sowing, transplanting greenhouse-grown plants and individuals from threatened populations on burial mounds in Hortobágy National Park, Hungary was tested. The following questions were answered: (1) which method is the most effective for species introduction? (2) which species can establish most successfully? (3) how does management affect the species establishment rates? It was found advisable to use a combination of seed sowing and transplanting greenhouse-grown plants. Sowing was found as a cost-effective method for introducing large-seeded species, whilst introduction of greenhouse-grown transplants warranted higher establishment rates for a larger set of species. Transplanting adult individuals was more reliable regardless of management regimes, however this method is labour-intensive and expensive. Intensive management, like mowing with heavy machinery and intensive grazing, should be avoided in the first few years after introduction. The authors highlighted the fact that introducing characteristic grassland species on cultural monuments offers a great opportunity to link issues of landscape and biodiversity conservation. This project demonstrated that, by the revitalisation of cultural monuments, cultural ecosystem services can also be restored.

Published
2018

32. Density-Dependent Plant–Plant Interactions Triggered by Grazing

Author

Kelemen, András, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Valkó, Orsolya, Deák, Balázs, Miglécz, Tamás, Fekete, Réka, Török, Péter, Balogh, Nóra, and Tóthmérész, Béla

Subjects
density-gradient, disturbance, habitat heterogeneity, biotic refuge, cattle grazing, Plant Science, competition, Original Research, facilitation
Abstract

Plant species performance in rangelands highly depends on the effect of grazing and also on the occurrence of unpalatable benefactor species that can act as biotic refuges protecting neighboring plants from herbivores. The balance between facilitation and competition may changes with the benefactor density. Despite the high number of studies on the role of biotic refuges, the density dependent effects of unpalatable herbaceous plants on the performance of other species, and on the habitat heterogeneity of rangelands are still unclear. Therefore, we performed a study to test the following hypotheses: (i) Performances of understory species follow a humped-back relationship along the density gradient of the unpalatable benefactor species. (ii) Small-scale heterogeneity of the vegetation decreases with increasing benefactor density. We studied meadow steppes with medium intensity cattle grazing in Hungary. We surveyed understory species’ performance (number of flowering shoots and cover scores) along the density gradient of a common, native unpalatable species (Althaea officinalis). Our findings supported both hypotheses. We found unimodal relationship between the benefactor cover and both the flowering success and richness of understory species. Moreover, small-scale heterogeneity declined with increasing benefactor cover. In this study we detected a humped-back pattern of facilitation along the density gradient of an herbaceous benefactor in pastures. Indeed, this pattern was predictable based on such conceptual models like “consumer pressure-abiotic stress model,” “humped-back model,” “intermediate disturbance hypothesis,” and “disturbance heterogeneity model”; but until now the validity of these relationships has not been demonstrated for herbaceous species. By the demonstration of this effect between herbaceous species we can better forecast the responses of grasslands to changes in management.

Published
2019

33. GrassPlot v. 2.00 : first update on the database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands

Author

Biurrun, Idoia, Burrascano, Sabina, Dembicz, Iwona, Guarino, Riccardo, Kapfer, Jutta, Pielech, Remigiusz, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Wagner, Viktoria, Palpurina, Salza, Mimet, Anne, Pellissier, Vincent, Marcenò, Corrado, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Bergamini, Ariel, Boch, Steffen, Csergő, Anna Mária, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Campos, Juan Antonio, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kuzemko, Anna, Manthey, Michael, Meerbeek, Koenraad van, Swacha, Grzegorz, Afif, Elias, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Babbi, Manuel, Bátori, Zoltán, Belonovskaya, Elena, Berg, Christian, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Cancellieri, Laura, Ceulemans, Tobias, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dramstad, Wenche, Dřevojan, Pavel, Ecker, Klaus, Essl, Franz, Etzold, Jonathan, Filibeck, Goffredo, Fjellstad, Wendy, Güler, Behlül, Hájek, Michal, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Hodgson, John G., Honrado, João P., Jägerbrand, Annika K., Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kelemen, András, Kirschner, Philipp, Klichowska, Ewelina, Kolomiiets, Ganna, Kozub, Łukasz, Lepš, Jan, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Magnes, Martin, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Malicki, Marek, Mašić, Ermin, Meier, Eliane S., Mirin, Denis, Molau, Ulf, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Pedersen, Christian, Pérez-Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Roleček, Jan, Ronkin, Vladimir, Savchenko, Galina, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Sickel, Hanne, Stevens, Carly, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Valkó, Orsolya, Mechelen, Carmen Van, Vashenyak, Iuliia, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Zlotnikova, Ekaterina, and Dengler, Jürgen

Subjects
Palaearctic, scale dependence, GrassPlot, macroecology, Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD), grassland vegetation, species-area relationship (SAR), nested plot, community ecology, Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG), biodiversity, vegetationplot database
Published
2019

34. GrassPlot v. 2.00 – first update on the database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands

Author

Idoia Biurrun, Idoia, Burrascano, Sabina, Dembicz, Iwona, Guarino, Riccardo, Kapfer, Jutta, Pielech, Remigiusz, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Wagner, Viktoria, Palpurina, Salza, Mimet, Anne, Pellissier, Vincent, Marcenò, Corrado, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Bergamini, Ariel, Boch, Steffen, Csergő, Anna Mária, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Campos, Juan Antonio, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kuzemko, Anna, Manthey, Michael, van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Swacha, Grzegorz, Afif, Elias, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Babbi, Manuel, Bátori, Zoltán, Belonovskaya, Elena, Berg, Christian, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Cancellieri, Laura, Ceulemans, Tobias, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dramstad, Wenche, Dřevojan, Pavel, Ecker, Klaus, Essl, Franz, Etzold, Jonathan, Filibeck, Goffredo, Fjellstad, Wendy, Güler, Behlül, Hájek, Michal, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Hodgson, John G., Honrado, João P., Jägerbrand, Annika, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kelemen, András, Kirschner, Philipp, Klichowska, Ewelina, Kolomiiets, Ganna, Kozub, Łukasz, Lepš, Jan, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Magnes, Martin, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Malicki, Marek, Mašić, Ermin, Meier, Eliane S., Mirin, Denis, Molau, Ulf, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Pedersen, Christian, Pérez-Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Roleček, Jan, Ronkin, Vladimir, Savchenko, Galina, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Sickel, Hanne, Stevens, Carly, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vashenyak, Iuliia, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Zlotnikova, Ekaterina, Dengler, Jürgen, Idoia Biurrun, Idoia, Burrascano, Sabina, Dembicz, Iwona, Guarino, Riccardo, Kapfer, Jutta, Pielech, Remigiusz, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Wagner, Viktoria, Palpurina, Salza, Mimet, Anne, Pellissier, Vincent, Marcenò, Corrado, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Bergamini, Ariel, Boch, Steffen, Csergő, Anna Mária, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Campos, Juan Antonio, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kuzemko, Anna, Manthey, Michael, van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Swacha, Grzegorz, Afif, Elias, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Babbi, Manuel, Bátori, Zoltán, Belonovskaya, Elena, Berg, Christian, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Cancellieri, Laura, Ceulemans, Tobias, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Doležal, Jiří, Dolnik, Christian, Dramstad, Wenche, Dřevojan, Pavel, Ecker, Klaus, Essl, Franz, Etzold, Jonathan, Filibeck, Goffredo, Fjellstad, Wendy, Güler, Behlül, Hájek, Michal, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Hodgson, John G., Honrado, João P., Jägerbrand, Annika, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Kelemen, András, Kirschner, Philipp, Klichowska, Ewelina, Kolomiiets, Ganna, Kozub, Łukasz, Lepš, Jan, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Magnes, Martin, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Malicki, Marek, Mašić, Ermin, Meier, Eliane S., Mirin, Denis, Molau, Ulf, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Pedersen, Christian, Pérez-Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Roleček, Jan, Ronkin, Vladimir, Savchenko, Galina, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Sickel, Hanne, Stevens, Carly, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vashenyak, Iuliia, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Zlotnikova, Ekaterina, and Dengler, Jürgen

Abstract

GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). Following a previous Long Database Report (Dengler et al. 2018, Phytocoenologia 48, 331–347), we provide here the first update on content and functionality of GrassPlot. The current version (GrassPlot v. 2.00) contains a total of 190,673 plots of different grain sizes across 28,171 independent plots, with 4,654 nested-plot series including at least four grain sizes. The database has improved its content as well as its functionality, including addition and harmonization of header data (land use, information on nestedness, structure and ecology) and preparation of species composition data. Currently, GrassPlot data are intensively used for broad-scale analyses of different aspects of alpha and beta diversity in grassland ecosystems.

Published
2019
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35. Ecosystem engineering by foxes is mediated by the landscape context: a case study from steppic burial mounds

Author

Godó, Laura, Tóthmérész, Béla, Valkó, Orsolya, Tóth, Katalin, Kiss, Réka, Radócz, Szilvia, Kelemen, András, Török, Péter, Švamberková, Eva, and Deák, Balázs

Subjects
disturbance, Természettudományok, fragmentation, kurgan, weeds, steppe, Környezettudományok, isolation, Original Research, biodiversity, sacred sites
Abstract

In intensively used landscapes, remnant grassland fragments are often restricted to places unsuitable for agricultural cultivation. Such refuges are the ancient burial mounds called “kurgans,” which are typical landscape elements of the Eurasian steppe and forest steppe zone. Due to their hill‐like shape, loose soil structure and undisturbed status kurgans provide proper habitats for burrowing mammals. Accordingly, grassland vegetation on kurgans is often exposed to bioturbation, which can influence the habitat structure and plant species pool. In our study, we explored the effect of fox burrows and landscape context on the habitat properties and vegetation composition of small landscape elements, using kurgans as model habitats. We surveyed the vegetation of fox burrows and that of the surrounding grassland on five kurgans situated in cleared landscapes surrounded by arable lands and five kurgans in complex landscapes surrounded by grazed grasslands. We recorded the percentage cover of vascular plants, the amount of litter, and soil moisture content in twelve 0.5 m × 0.5 m plots per kurgan, in a total of 120 plots. We found that foxes considerably transformed habitat conditions and created microhabitats by changing the soil nutrient availability and reducing total vegetation cover and litter. Several grassland specialist species, mostly grasses (Agropyron cristatum, Elymus hispidus, and Stipa capillata) established in the newly created microhabitats, although the cover of noxious species was also considerable. We found that landscape context influenced the sort of species which could establish on kurgans by affecting the available species pool and soil moisture. Our results revealed that foxes act as ecosystem engineers on kurgans by transforming abiotic and biotic conditions by burrowing. Their engineering activity maintains disturbance‐dependent components of dry grasslands and increases local environmental heterogeneity.

Published
2018

36. Tree–herb co-existence and community assembly in natural forest-steppe transitions

Author

Tölgyesi, Csaba, Valkó, Orsolya, Deák, Balázs, Kelemen, András, Bragina, Tatyana M., Gallé, Róbert, Erdős, László, and Bátori, Zoltán

Abstract

Background: The effects of trees on understorey communities is a major driver of vegetation composition. However, we have little understanding on how isolated forest patches of the forest-steppe transition affect their herb layer as compared to adjacent grasslands. Aims: Our aim was to test whether trees had a protective effect on understorey herbaceous communities in the most arid regions of the forest-steppe transition, where the stress gradient hypothesis predicts positive net effects. Methods: We surveyed herbaceous cover and species composition in 135 forest-steppe sites and recorded soil moisture, microclimate and canopy cover in northern Kazakhstan. Results: Total cover and species richness were lower in the herb layer of groves than in the steppe stands and the soil of the groves was not moister than that of the steppes. Groves were dominated by grassland specialist plants, while forest specialist species remained scarce. However, these grassland species were different from the ones inhabiting the steppes, leading to little nestedness between groves and steppes. Conclusions: Although the presence of groves greatly increase the landscape level diversity of Middle-Asian forest-steppes, trees in the southern edge of the zone seem to have net negative effect on the understorey vegetation, seemingly contradicting the stress gradient hypothesis.

Published
2018
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39. GrassPlot - a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands

Author

Dengler, Jürgen, Wagner, Viktoria, Dembicz, Iwona, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Boch, Steffen, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Conradi, Timo, Filibeck, Goffredo, Guarino, Riccardo, Janišová, Monika, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Acic, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Akasaka, Munemitsu, Allers, Marc Andre, Apostolova, Iva, Axmanová, Irena, Bakan, Branko, Baranova, Alina, Bardy-Durchhalter, Manfred, Bartha, Sándor, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Becker, Ute, Belonovskaya, Elena, Bengtsson, Karin, Alonso, José Luis Benito, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Bonini, Ilaria, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Alvaro, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, De Frenne, Pieter, Deák, Balázs, Didukh, Yakiv P., Diekmann, Martin, Dolnik, Christian, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ermakov, Nikolai, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Escudero, Adrián, Etayo, Javier, Fajmonová, Zuzana, Felde, Vivian A., Calzado, Maria Rosa Fernández, Finckh, Manfred, Fotiadis, Georgios, Fracchiolla, Mariano, Ganeva, Anna, García-Magro, Daniel, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Giladi, Itamar, Gillet, François, del Galdo, Gian Pietro Giusso, González, Jose M., Grytnes, John Arvid, Hájek, Michal, Hájková, Petra, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hettenbergerová, Eva, Hobohm, Carsten, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jandt, Ute, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Jeschke, Michael, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kavgaci, Ali, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Koyama, Asuka, Koyanagi, Tomoyo F., Kozub, Lukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Kyrkjeeide, Magni Olsen, Landi, Sara, Langer, Nancy, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lelli, Chiara, Lepš, Jan, Löbel, Swantje, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Marcenò, Corrado, Mardari, Constantin, Mauchamp, Leslie, May, Felix, Michelsen, Ottar, Mesa, Joaquín Molero, Molnár, Zsolt, Moysiyenko, Ivan Y., Nakaga, Yuko K., Natcheva, Rayna, Noroozi, Jalil, Pakeman, Robin J., Palpurina, Salza, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Peet, Robert K., Pielech, Remigiusz, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Plesková, Zuzana, Polyakova, Mariya A., Prentice, Honor C., Reinecke, Jennifer, Reitalu, Triin, Rodríguez-Rojo, Maria Pilar, Rolecek, Jan, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Rosén, Ejvind, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Sánchez, Ana María, Savchenko, Galina, Schuhmacher, Oliver, Škornik, Sonja, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevanovic-Dajic, Zora, Stock, Marin, Suchrow, Sigrid, Sutcliffe, Laura M.E., Swacha, Grzegorz, Sykes, Martin, Szabó, Anna, Talebi, Amir, Tanase, Catalin, Terzi, Massimo, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Tzonev, Rossen, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, van der Maarel, Eddy, Vanneste, Thomas, Vashenyak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Kosic, Ivana Vitasovic, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Went, Julia, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Winkler, Manuela, Zaniewski, Piotr T., Zhang, Hui, Ziv, Yaron, Znamenskiy, Sergey, Biurrun, Idoia, Dengler, Jürgen, Wagner, Viktoria, Dembicz, Iwona, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Boch, Steffen, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Conradi, Timo, Filibeck, Goffredo, Guarino, Riccardo, Janišová, Monika, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Acic, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Akasaka, Munemitsu, Allers, Marc Andre, Apostolova, Iva, Axmanová, Irena, Bakan, Branko, Baranova, Alina, Bardy-Durchhalter, Manfred, Bartha, Sándor, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Becker, Ute, Belonovskaya, Elena, Bengtsson, Karin, Alonso, José Luis Benito, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Bonini, Ilaria, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Alvaro, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, De Frenne, Pieter, Deák, Balázs, Didukh, Yakiv P., Diekmann, Martin, Dolnik, Christian, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ermakov, Nikolai, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Escudero, Adrián, Etayo, Javier, Fajmonová, Zuzana, Felde, Vivian A., Calzado, Maria Rosa Fernández, Finckh, Manfred, Fotiadis, Georgios, Fracchiolla, Mariano, Ganeva, Anna, García-Magro, Daniel, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Giladi, Itamar, Gillet, François, del Galdo, Gian Pietro Giusso, González, Jose M., Grytnes, John Arvid, Hájek, Michal, Hájková, Petra, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hettenbergerová, Eva, Hobohm, Carsten, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jandt, Ute, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Jeschke, Michael, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kavgaci, Ali, Kelemen, András, Kiehl, Kathrin, Koyama, Asuka, Koyanagi, Tomoyo F., Kozub, Lukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Kyrkjeeide, Magni Olsen, Landi, Sara, Langer, Nancy, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lelli, Chiara, Lepš, Jan, Löbel, Swantje, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Marcenò, Corrado, Mardari, Constantin, Mauchamp, Leslie, May, Felix, Michelsen, Ottar, Mesa, Joaquín Molero, Molnár, Zsolt, Moysiyenko, Ivan Y., Nakaga, Yuko K., Natcheva, Rayna, Noroozi, Jalil, Pakeman, Robin J., Palpurina, Salza, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Peet, Robert K., Pielech, Remigiusz, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Plesková, Zuzana, Polyakova, Mariya A., Prentice, Honor C., Reinecke, Jennifer, Reitalu, Triin, Rodríguez-Rojo, Maria Pilar, Rolecek, Jan, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Rosén, Ejvind, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljevic, Marko, Sánchez, Ana María, Savchenko, Galina, Schuhmacher, Oliver, Škornik, Sonja, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevanovic-Dajic, Zora, Stock, Marin, Suchrow, Sigrid, Sutcliffe, Laura M.E., Swacha, Grzegorz, Sykes, Martin, Szabó, Anna, Talebi, Amir, Tanase, Catalin, Terzi, Massimo, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Tzonev, Rossen, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, van der Maarel, Eddy, Vanneste, Thomas, Vashenyak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Kosic, Ivana Vitasovic, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Went, Julia, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Winkler, Manuela, Zaniewski, Piotr T., Zhang, Hui, Ziv, Yaron, Znamenskiy, Sergey, and Biurrun, Idoia

Abstract

GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). GrassPlot collects plot records (relevés) from grasslands and other open habitats of the Palaearctic biogeographic realm. It focuses on precisely delimited plots of eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001; ... 1,000 m2) and on nested-plot series with at least four different grain sizes. The usage of GrassPlot is regulated through Bylaws that intend to balance the interests of data contributors and data users. The current version (v. 1.00) contains data for approximately 170,000 plots of different sizes and 2,800 nested-plot series. The key components are richness data and metadata. However, most included datasets also encompass compositional data. About 14,000 plots have near-complete records of terricolous bryophytes and lichens in addition to vascular plants. At present, GrassPlot contains data from 36 countries throughout the Palaearctic, spread across elevational gradients and major grassland types. GrassPlot with its multi-scale and multi-taxon focus complements the larger international vegetationplot databases, such as the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global database "sPlot". Its main aim is to facilitate studies on the scale- and taxon-dependency of biodiversity patterns and drivers along macroecological gradients. GrassPlot is a dynamic database and will expand through new data collection coordinated by the elected Governing Board. We invite researchers with suitable data to join GrassPlot. Researchers with project ideas addressable with GrassPlot data are welcome to submit proposals to the Governing Board.

Published
2018

40. Scale-dependent effects of grazing on the species richness of alkaline and sand grasslands

Author

Godó, Laura, Valkó, Orsolya, Tóthmérész, Béla, Török, Péter, Kelemen, András, and Deák, Balázs

Subjects
ddc:580
Abstract

Extensively managed pastures harbour rare and endangered species and have a decisive role in maintaining grassland biodiversity. Traditional herding of local robust cattle breeds is considered as a feasible tool for preserving these habitats. We studied the scale-dependent effects of grazing on the species richness and composition of three dry grassland types in the Great Hungarian Plain: Achilleo setaceae-Festucetum pseudovinae and Artemisio santonici-Festucetum pseudovinae alkaline grasslands, and Potentillo arenariae-Festucetum pseudovinae sand grassland. We asked the following questions: (1) Does extensive grazing have a scale-dependent effect on plant species richness of alkaline and sand grasslands? (2) How does grazing affect the proportion of specialists, generalists and weeds in the three grassland types? We sampled ten sites of each grassland type, including five extensively grazed and five non-grazed sites (altogether we had 30 sites). We used a series of nested plots each consisting of 10 plots from the size of 0.01 m² to 16 m². We revealed that grazing has contrasting effects in the three grassland types, and had a considerable effect on their species richness even at small scales. In both alkaline grassland types, total species richness was overall higher in grazed plots but it increased in a similar manner for both ungrazed and grazed habitats across plot sizes. Small-scale heterogeneity likely due to the uneven distribution of grazing, trampling and defecation together with mitigated rate of competition allowed more species to co-exist even at small scales in grazed alkaline grasslands. Grazing increased the richness of specialists, but likely due to the salt stress, establishment of weeds was hampered. Open gaps formed by trampling likely supported the establishment of several specialist species such as Plantago tenuiflora and Puccinellia limosa which are typical to open alkali grasslands. Contrary, in sand grasslands, we did not detect any effect of grazing on total species richness, likely due to the adverse effect of grazing on the species richness of specialists and weeds. In contrast with the former findings we detected significantly higher species richness in 0.01 m² and 0.0625 m² plots in the grazed sand grasslands, but found no differences at larger scales. Whilst species richness of specialists was significantly decreased, richness of weeds was increased by grazing. Decrease in the specialist species richness was likely due to the lack of their evolutionary adaptation to grazing. Degradation caused by grazing and trampling together with the propagule pressure from the neighbouring anthropogenic habitats resulted in an increased richness of weeds in the grazed sites. Extensiv bewirtschaftete Trockenrasen beherbergen seltene und gefährdete Arten und spielen eine entscheidende Rolle für die Bewahrung der Artenvielfalt im Offenland (DENGLER et al. 2014). Trotz dieser enormen naturschutzfachlichen Bedeutung hat sich ihre Fläche im Lauf des vergangenen Jahrhunderts dramatisch verringert, hauptsächlich durch Umwandlung in Ackerland und Ausweitung von Siedlungen (DEÁK et al. 2016a, b). Die floristische Zusammensetzung und Diversität der verbliebenen Trockenrasen wird nur durch Wiedereinführung der traditionelle Bewirtschaftung zu erhalten sein, welche die ursprünglichen natürlichen Störungsfaktoren ersetzen. Beweidung durch lokale, robuste Rinderrassen gilt hierzu als praktikables Instrument (TÖRÖK et al. 2014). Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Wirkung von Beweidung in drei verschiedenen Typen von pannonischen Trockenrasen und auf unterschiedlichen Flächenskalen untersucht. Unsere Fragestellung lautete: (1) Hat extensive Beweidung einen Einfluss auf die Gefäßpflanzenvielfalt von Salz- und Sandtrockenrasen, und wenn ja, ist dieser Einfluss je nach betrachteter Flächengröße unterschiedlich? (2) Wie wirkt sich Beweidung auf den Anteil der Spezialisten, Generalisten und gesellschaftsfremden Arten („Unkräuter“) in den drei Rasentypen aus?

Published
2017

41. Positive small-scale effects of shrubs on diversity and flowering in pastures

Author

Kelemen, András, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Kun, Róbert, Molnár, Zsolt, Vadász, Csaba, and Tóth, Katalin

Subjects
ddc:580
Abstract

Understanding plant-plant interactions is essential in planning and implementing effective grassland management strategies. Positive and negative interactions generally co-occur in plant communities and the net effect of these interactions may depend on the disturbance regime, including grazing. Shrubs can act as biotic refuges by physically protecting neighbouring plants from herbivores. As a result, we would expect that in pastures the diversity and flowering success of plants is higher in the close vicinity of shrubs compared to the open vegetation. Nevertheless, we can also assume a competitive trade-off cost for plants that grow together with shrubs. In this study, we assessed the small-scale effects of dwarf shrubs (30–40 cm in diameter) on species density and flowering success. Specifically, we considered three types of microsites: (i) shrub interior, (ii) edge of shrub, and (iii) open pasture (more than 2 meters away from the shrub). We surveyed these three types of microsites using 10 × 10 cm sized plots both in grazed and ungrazed meadow steppe, in central Hungary. The highest species density was found at the edge of shrubs, both in grazed and ungrazed vegetation. Meanwhile, species density did not differ significantly between shrub interiors and the open pasture. However, in grazed vegetation, species flowering success was significantly higher in shrub interiors and edges than in the open pasture; no significant trend was observed for this measure in ungrazed vegetation. In contrast to previous studies, we did not detect a competitive effect of small-sized shrubs on plants in ungrazed vegetation. Our results indicate that small-sized shrubs protect other plants from herbivores and that the edge effect plays an important role for the maintenance of small-scale species diversity in pastures. Overall, our results underline the beneficial effect of biotic refuges in pastures and we suggest that retaining a sparse population of small-sized native shrubs is advantageous from a conservation point of view. Interaktionen zwischen Pflanzenarten können sich positiv oder negativ auf die betreffenden Arten auswirken. Bei der Formulierung von Managementmaßnahmen im Grasland müssen solche Interaktionen daher berücksichtigt werden. Mehrere Studien haben gezeigt, dass z. B. von Weidetieren verschmähte Pflanzenarten eine Schutzwirkung auf andere Arten haben können und dann für diese Arten biotische Refugien darstellen können (SMIT et al. 2009). Dornensträucher, die vom Vieh verschmäht werden, können z. B. vom Vieh bevorzugte Futterpflanzen vor Fraß schützen und zudem die Umweltbedingungen für diese Arten verbessern, indem sie ein ausgeglichenes Mikroklima schaffen (BOSSUYT et al. 2005). Auf diese Weise können von den Weidetieren verschmähte Pflanzenarten die Samenproduktion anderer Futterpflanzen steigern, was sich wiederum positiv auf die gesamte Artendiversität auswirken kann (CALLAWAY et al. 2000). Im unbeweideten Grasland sollten Sträucher dagegen eher eine negative Konkurrenzwirkung auf die krautigen Arten haben (SMIT et al. 2009). Neben diesen grundsätzlich bekannten biotischen Interaktionen zwischen verschmähten Sträuchern und Futterpflanzen, können Sträucher noch weitere positive Funktionen erfüllen, z. B. als Samenfallen (RIES et al. 2004). Trotz der hohen Anzahl von Studien über biotische Refugialmechanismen in Weiden gibt es nur unzureichende Kenntnis über die kleinräumigen Effekte von nicht-schmackhaften Sträuchern auf krautige Pflanzenarten im Unterwuchs. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir den Effekt von kleinen Sträuchern der Art Crataegus monogyna auf die krautigen Pflanzenarten im Unterwuchs und im Randbereich der Sträucher. Dazu bestimmten wir die Individuendichte und den Blüherfolg der krautigen Pflanzenarten im Strauchinneren und am Strauchrand sowie außerhalb der Sträucher.

Published
2017

42. High-diversity sowing in establishment gaps: a promising new tool for enhancing grassland biodiversity

Author

Valkó, Orsolya, Deák, Balázs, Török, Péter, Kirmer, Anita, Tischew, Sabine, Kelemen, András, Tóth, Katalin, Miglécz, Tamás, Radócz, Szilvia, Sonkoly, Judit, Tóth, Edina, Kiss, Réka, Kapocsi, István, and Tóthmérész, Béla

Subjects
seed mixture, weed control, ddc:580, species establishment, grazing, sh85015976 Botany, Alkali grassland, loess grassland
Abstract

Halting the loss of grassland biodiversity and restoring degraded ecosystems are high priority tasks in the EU Biodiversity Strategy. Sowing low-diversity seed mixtures is widely used in grassland restoration because of its high predictability and fast, promising results. Generally, the sown perennial grasses establish within a few years and form a dense sward, which effectively suppresses weeds. Unfortunately, these grasslands are often species-poor because the sown grasses hamper the colonisation of target grassland forbs. Our aim was to test a novel approach to increase the diversity of species-poor grasslands. We selected eight 8-year-old grasslands restored by low-diversity seed sowing where we created 32 establishment gaps by breaking up the grass sward and sowing a high-diversity seed mixture (35 native species). Altogether, we established three grazed gaps (1m × 1m, 2m × 2m and 4m × 4m) and one fenced gap (4m × 4m) per site and monitored the presence and abundance of sown and non-sown species within a time frame of two years. We asked the following questions: (1) Which target species establish most successfully? (2) What is the effect of establishment gap size on the establishment success of target species and weeds? (3) What is the effect of management (grazed versus not managed) on the species composition of the establishment gaps? Our results showed that by creating establishment gaps and sowing diverse seed mixtures, we were able to overcome microsite and propagule limitation, successfully introducing target species into the species-poor grasslands. We found that all sown species established in the gaps, and the majority of the species maintained or even increased their first-year cover in the second year. Smaller gaps were characterised by lower cover of sown species and a quite stochastic development compared to the larger ones. Weed cover was moderate in the first year and decreased significantly in the second year, regardless of gap size. Therefore, in restoration practice, the use of larger establishment gaps is recommended. We found that the cover of sown species and weeds were similar in the grazed and unmanaged gaps during our study. However, management by extensive grazing might be crucial in the long-term because livestock can disperse target species propagules and create microsites. Our study shows that establishment gaps can serve as biodiversity hotspots. Further studies need to clarify to what extent they can improve the restoration success across the entire grassland. In der Europäischen Union wird der Renaturierung degradierter Ökosysteme hohe Priorität beigemessen. Die Ansaat von artenarmen Gräsermischungen ist eine weit verbreitete Renaturierungspraxis, durch die schnelle und gut vorhersagbare Resultate erzielt werden können. Die angesäten mehrjährigen Gräser bilden innerhalb weniger Jahre eine dichte Grasnarbe, die effektiv unerwünschte Ruderalarten unterdrückt und landwirtschaftlich genutzt werden kann, die aber auch die Einwanderung von krautigen Zielarten behindert. In vielen landwirtschaftlich geprägten Regionen sind zudem kaum noch Diasporenquellen wichtiger Grünlandarten vorhanden, deshalb ist das aktive Einbringen von Zielarten eine wichtige Maßnahme zur Artenanreicherung. In Ungarn wurden im Hortobágyi-Nationalpark zwischen 2005 und 2008 im Rahmen eines LIFE-Projektes 760 ha ehemaliges Ackerland durch Ansaat von zwei bis drei Grasarten in artenarmes Grünland umgewandelt und anschließend beweidet (TÖRÖK et al. 2010, 2011). Durch den Mangel an geeigneten Diasporenquellen konnten sich dort bisher allerdings kaum krautige Zielarten etablieren. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde deshalb eine neue Methode zur Diversifizierung von artenarmen Grünland getestet. Dazu wurden in dichten Grasbeständen kleinräumige Störflächen geschaffen und in diese eine standortgerechte Samenmischung aus 35 krautigen Zielarten ausgebracht. Konkret stellten wir folgende Fragen: (1) Welche der angesäten Zielarten etablieren sich in den kleinräumigen Störflächen am erfolgreichsten? (2) Wie wirken sich die Größe der Störflächen auf den Etablierungserfolg der Zielarten sowie auf die Abundanz von unerwünschten Arten aus? (3) Wie beeinflusst das Management (mit und ohne Beweidung) die Artenzusammensetzung der Störflächen?

Published
2016

47. Rainfall fluctuations and vegetation patterns in alkali grasslands : using self-organizing maps to visualise vegetation dynamics

Author

Lukács, Balázs A., Török, Péter, Kelemen, András, Várbíró, Gábor, Radócz, Szilvia, Miglécz, Tamás, Tóthmérész, Béla, Valkó, Orsolya, Lukács, Balázs A., Török, Péter, Kelemen, András, Várbíró, Gábor, Radócz, Szilvia, Miglécz, Tamás, Tóthmérész, Béla, and Valkó, Orsolya

Abstract

Knowledge about the drivers of vegetation dynamics in grasslands is fundamental to select appropriate management for conservation purposes. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of vegetation dynamics in alkali grasslands, a priority habitat of the Natura 2000 network. We studied vegetation dynamics in five stands of four alkali grassland types in the Hortobágy National Park (eastern Hungary), between 2009 and 2011. We analysed the effect of fluctuations in precipitation on both the overall vegetation composition and on the cover of each species using Self Organizing Map neural networks (SOM). We found that SOM is a promising tool to reveal plant community dynamics. As we analysed species cover and overall vegetation composition separately, we were able to identify the species re-sponsible for particular vegetation changes. Fluctuations in precipitation (a dry season, followed by a wet and an average season) caused quick shifts in plant species composition because of an increasing cover of halophyte forbs, probably because of salinisation. We observed a similar effect of stress from waterlogging in all studied grassland types. The species composition of Puccinellia grasslands was the most stable over the three years with varying precipitation. This was important as this grassland type contained many threatened halophyte species. Self-organising maps revealed small-scale vegetation changes and provided a detailed visualisation of short-term vegetation dynamics, thus we suggest that the application of this method is also promising to reveal community dynamics in more species-rich habitat types or landscapes., Einleitung: Pannonische Salzsteppen und Salzwiesen haben in der Europäischen Union einen hohen Naturschutzwert (TÖRÖK et al. 2012). Der Salzgehalt des Oberbodens dieser Vegetationstypen hängt vom Grundwasserstand ab, welcher wiederum durch den Niederschlag und die Verdunstung bestimmt wird. Zeiträumliche Schwankungen des Salz- und Wassergehaltes des Bodens können zu vorrübergehenden (Fluktuationen) aber auch dauerhaften Veränderungen (Sukzessionen) der Vegetation führen (DEÁK et al. 2014a, MOLNÁR & BORHIDI 2003). Pannonische Salzsteppen und Salzwiesen werden als prioritäre Lebensräume in Anhang I der Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie aufgeführt, jedoch ist wenig über ihre durch Niederschlagschwankungen bedingte Dynamik bekannt. Solche Kenntnisse können jedoch zum besseren Verständnis dieser Vegetationstypen beitragen und auch zur Planung von Managementmaßnahmen wichtig sein. In dieser Studie stellen wir die Hypothesen auf, dass Niederschlagsschwankungen auf (1) feuchten Salzböden stärkere Veränderungen des Artenreichtums und der Artenzusammensetzung bewirken als auf trockenen Salzböden, und (2) dass bei Versalzung salztolerante Arten in ihrer Abundanz stärker als nicht-salztolerante Arten zunehmen. Material und Methoden: Im Zeitraum 2009–2011 wurde an fünf Lokalitäten des Hortobágy-National-Parks (Ost-Ungarn) die Vegetationsdynamik von vier Salzsteppen- und Salzwiesentypen nach einer trockenen Periode (Juli 2008 bis 2009), nach einer nassen Periode (Juli 2009 bis 2010) und nach einer hinsichtlich des Niederschlags durchschnittlichen Periode (Juli 2010 bis Juni 2011) untersucht. Pro Lokalität wurden zufällig jeweils fünf 1 × 1 m-Flächen ausgewählt und dauerhaft markiert. Insgesamt untersuchten wir über die drei Jahre pro Vegetationstyp 25 Flächen. Als Vegetationstypen unterschieden wir Artemisia-Rasen (ARG; Artemisio santonici-Festucetum pseudovinae Soó in Máthé 1933 corr. Borhidi 1996) auf den am höchsten gelegenen Flächen, zwei Typen an Puccinellia-Rasen (Puccinelliet

Published
2015

48. Intercropping experiments in Hungarian vineyards

Author

Donkó, Ádám, primary, Miglécz, Tamás, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, Tóthmérész, Béla, additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Kelemen, András, additional, Török, Péter, additional, Zanathy, Gábor, additional, Zsigrai, György, additional, and Drexler, Dóra, additional

Published
2015
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