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Communication skills are important in life, especially in a clinical setting. The NVC (non-violent communication) model facilitates communication skills in schools, hospitals, and other environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of NVC in fostering the communication skills of nursing students. The study included a total of 117 participants, including a test group of 62 nursing students and a control group of 55 students. Eight sessions of data collection and program adaptation were conducted between September and December 2016. The data were analyzed using t-tests, Chi-squared tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using SPSS version 24.0. Following the intervention, the primary and secondary levels of anger were lower, whereas empathy and the communication efficacy were higher in the test group than the control group. This study demonstrated that an NVC program can improve the affective aspects of communication skills of nursing students.

This study was conducted to develop the Dust Exposure Reduction Behavior Scale (DERBS) and to validate it for the general population. The scale was developed based on Williamson's model of everyday life information seeking. For exploratory factor analysis and confirmative factor analysis, 274 subjects aged 18 or older were recruited in South Korea using convenience sampling between February 1 and March 28, 2021. Content validity, convergence validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability were examined according to DeVellis' methodology. The DERBS consists of 12 items with four factors: protection from dust, staying inside, sharing information, and health promotion. Convergent validity with the personal environmental health behaviors scale was supported (r =.63, p <.001), and Cronbach's alpha was.83. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit (χ2 = 106.36, p <.001, Q = 2.22, SRMR = 0.06, RMSEA = 0.06, IFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.94, AGFI = 0.97, NFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.94, PNFI = 0.66, PCFI = 0.69). The DERBS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring dust reduction behaviors under circumstances of indoor and outdoor air pollution. This scale can be utilized in educational interventions aiming to enhance environmental health behavior and promote respiratory health outcomes. This DERBS will be able to objectively measure outcomes in investigations of health behavior under circumstances where air pollution is serious and interventions are needed to target environmental health behaviors. It will also contribute to the promotion of environmental health behaviors related to the reduction of fine dust exposure among community residents. Plain language summary: This study was conducted to develop the Dust Exposure Reduction Behavior Scale (DERBS) and to validate it for the general population. Currently, as environmental pollution worsens, concerns grow proportionately regarding environmental toxins and their potential detrimental effect on human health. Further, it has been shown that a large proportion of air pollution is inhaled in the form of fine dust, which adversely affects respiratory health. However, there is little research on scales developed for measuring fine dust reduction behaviors, as researchers have only developed tools with a more limited scope appropriate for specific research topics. Therefore, a validated tool is needed to measure changes in health behavior to reduce exposure to air pollution caused by fine dust. Accordingly, we intended to develop a tool to measure fine dust reduction behavior for residents living in communities. This scientific tool will be able to objectively measure outcomes in investigations of health behavior under circumstances where air pollution is serious and interventions are needed to target environmental health behaviors. It will also contribute to the promotion of environmental health behaviors related to the reduction of fine dust exposure among community residents. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effect was confirmed, so it can be used as a basis for the active application of environmental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Expression of transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is related to invasion and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in several cancer cells. However, there has been only limited clinical validation of TGase 2 as an independent prognostic marker in cancer. Methods The significance of TGase 2 expression as an invasive/migratory factor was addressed by in vitro assays employing down-regulation of TGase 2. TGase 2 expression as a prognostic indicator was assessed in 429 Korean patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by immunohistochemical staining. Results TGase 2 expression increased the invasive and migratory properties of NSCLC cells in vitro, which might be related to the induction of MMP-9. In the analysis of the immunohistochemical staining, TGase 2 expression in tumors was significantly correlated with recurrence in NSCLC (p = 0.005) or in the non-adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.031). Additionally, a multivariate analysis also showed a significant correlation between strong TGase 2 expression and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in NSCLC (p = 0.029 and HR = 1.554) and in the non-adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.030 and HR = 2.184). However, the correlation in the adenocarcinoma subtype was not significant. Conclusions TGase 2 expression was significantly correlated with recurrence and shorter DFS in NSCLC, especially in the non-adenocarcinoma subtype including squamous cell carcinoma.