Search

In Asian and ASEAN countries, there are many urban development plans based on the concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD). The Computable Urban Economic (CUE) model, which enables simultaneous evaluation of urban and transportation development, is one of the major approaches for estimating the effects of a development plan based on TOD. However, these effects have been difficult to evaluate, especially in Asian and ASEAN countries apart from Japan, owing to the lack of public data on geographic land use by small zone units. We have estimated a detailed spatial scale land use dataset by using satellite images. This enables land use classification on an appropriate scale for the evaluation of TOD. This paper describes the evaluation results of the development plan of Taoyuan City, Taiwan that was carried out by building a detailed spatial scale CUE model based on data and our estimation approach.

A térbeli számszerűsített általános egyensúlyi modellek az új gazdaságföldrajz empirikus alkalmazásainak eszközei. Szemléleti-módszertani gyökereiket tehát az új gazdaságföldrajzi és a számszerűsített általános egyensúlyi modellekben találjuk meg. Tanulmányunkban a Nemzeti Fejlesztési Ügynökség részére az Új Magyarország Fejlesztési Terv hatáselemzésére kidolgozott GMR-Magyarország elnevezésű modellrendszerbe épített modellt ismertetjük, valamint egy szimulációval illusztráljuk a modell használatát. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: C68, D58, R13, R38, R58., Spatial, numerical models of general equilibrium are empirical tools of the new economic geography, with their methodology and outlook rooted in the new economic geographical and numerical models of general equilibrium. The study presents the new GMR-Hungary model system devised for the National Development Agency for the New Hungary De-velopment Plan, and illustrates its use with a simulation.

水道事業においても費用効果分析の実施は重要な課題になってきている.すでに個別に効果の計測法が種々提案されている.しかし個別に計測法を考えているだけでは, 集計の段階において効果の計測漏れや波及効果の二重計測が発生するおそれが残る.そこで便益評価の理論的な枠組みを検討し, 消費者行動, 生産者行動をもとにした整合的な個別計測手法を提案した。発生ベースの便益を, 家庭利用については消費者余剰変化で, 事業活動, 工業活動については利潤変化で計測するようにした.つづいて提案した手法による事例分析を試みた.

We study finite-type invariants of embeddings of a theta-curve up to type 4. We give a basis of type 4 invariants by using chord diagrams, and apply it to consider symmetry of some embeddings of a theta-curve.

Spatial Computable General Equilibrium (SCGE) models are convenient methods of the analysis of the change of inter-regional economic interaction or regional benefit by policy shocks. Recent SCGE models have two main streams in terms of the assumption of market structure; perfect competition models and monopolistic competition models. Benefit measured by perfect competition based models is usually independent of economy of scale and therefore the policy assessment result is consistent with normal cost-benefit analysis. It is an important factor for practical welfare analysis when validity of policy implementation is discussed from a point of view of efficiency. On the other hand, monopolistic competition based models is suitable to theoretical framework of new economic geography field which highlights the economic agglomeration. Agglomeration effect is also an important factor from a point of view of regional economic development effects. Thus the both of two types of models have theoretical and practical merits respectively. However, the results of the model analyses of course depend on the model formulations and can be different in not only detail but also feature of benefit distribution. Understanding the difference of the model outputs by theoretical assumption is crucial theme of practical policy assessment. This paper attempts to compare the economic effects of a road transport development project estimated by a perfect competition based SCGE model and a monopolistic competition based SCGE model quantitatively. Our analysis emphasizes especially the differences in the magnitude of benefit and the regional distribution pattern of benefit because they are usually the largest interests of actual policy assessments. The results show that elasticity of substitution, which is a dominant parameter of monopolistic competition models as a key factor of markup, sensitively affects to benefit and its distribution. It mainly causes the difference of the outputs of the perfect competition based SCGE model and the monopolistic competition model, which implies that the elasticity parameter should be chosen carefully. We furthermore analyze the relationship between size of analysis target region and benefit as well as sensitivity analysis of model parameters. The analysis shows that the regional scale also influences to the benefit estimation in particular by monopolistic competition model. Finally, we summarize the tendency of model outputs of the two types of the models and points to keep in mind for the practical policy analysis by SCGE models. Key words: Spatial Computable General Equilibrium model, Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition JEL Classification: C68, R13, O18 Other Choice of Theme: H. Infrastructure, Transport and Communications

Hirogawara is a village with a long lasting tradition of forestry located in a mountain area of Kyoto prefecture, and is one of the typical under populated villages in the Japanese rural region. Although there are various elements which distinguish the village and urban area, one of the main elements which contribute to differentiate the behavior of each would be the environment surrounding the respective dwellers. The perception of a villager as being a part of a traditional community are formed through constant negotiation between the individual and the tidy environment. His environment in the village can be understood as a kind of aggregation of neighbors and ancestors because boundaries surrounding the villager amongst neighbors and ancestors are constantly blurred by respective inhabitants including by him. Thus, the environment starts to have multiple meanings by being shared by various actors including outsiders. The current environment of the village is persistently reproduced through the villagers’ process of negotiation in the complex situation under globalization.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005

The authors have studied the distribution of the Epilachnid beetles in Gumma-pref. since 1956, and the following results are obtained as summary. 1. Epilachna sparsa is recognized to be distributed to some extent at the southern plain places of Gumma-pref. such as Tomioka, Takasaki, Maebashi, Ogomachi, Isezaki, Ota, Tatebayashi, Kasakakemura and their neighbors, where the altitude is less than 150m (Fig. 1). At these places sparsa lives intermingled with 28-maculata. 2. At the higher places with 150～300m altitude such as Shibukawa, Onogami, Yoshioka, Misato, Akagimura, Hokkitsumura, Komochimura and their neighbors (Fig. 1), sparsa tends to live being segregated from 28-maculata in the same farm. 3. The species feeds usually on the Solanaceous plants, among which ground cherry is the best host plant. The number of the generation is generally two but rarely three. 4. E. 28-maculata is the species having the widest distribution in Gumma-pref. (Fig. 1) and we can see it everywhere, potatoes, egg-plants and tomatoes are planted, with exception of one place near Ozegahara. The highest limit of the distribution may be 1300m. 5. The host plant of 28-maculata is the Solanaceous plants with the exception of ground cherry and redpepper, on which the larvae cannot grow. The number of the generation is one but very rarely may be two. 6. Ea pustulosa inhabits mainly at the northern places of Gumma-pref. such as Anabara, Hikagenango, Neri, Akagizawabashi, Tokusa, Kashozan, Akakura, Doai, Fujiwara, Uenohara, Sugenuma, H6shi and Omineyama. All these places are located along the Tone River system with more than 600m altitude and have heavy snowfall (Fig. 1). However, pustulosa is also found at Sebayashi of Tano-gun in the southwest Gumma. 7. The true host plant of pustulosa is the thistle (Cirsium nipponicum (MAXIM.) MAKINO var. incomptum (FR. et SAV.) KITAM. belonging to Compositae in Gumma-pref., but the beetle eats sometimes the Solanaceous plants espe-cially potato-plant. With an exceptional case the authors observed that the adults were attacking burdock leaves. 8. The distribution of sparsa is expanding northwardly year after year in Kanto District and the northern limit of the distribution runs along the line denoted in Fig. 3 and 4 at present. 9. This phenomenon is not only noticeable for ecological problem, but also very important for agriculture because the beetle probably gives a fear of attacking the Solanaceous vegetables as a new pest in the new habitats., Article, Journal of the Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University. Ser. A, Biology 13: 1-23(1964)