Search

旨在为食用油脂的精准适度加工提供理论依据，以大豆油为油样介质，通过添加β-胡萝卜素和不同脂肪酸改变油样组成，探究碱炼过程中不同植物油底物和碱炼条件（碱液质量分数、超量碱添加量、碱炼温度、碱炼时间）对油脂中β-胡萝卜素脱除率及油脂精炼得率的影响，并测定了油脂在不同植物油底物和碱炼条件脱酸后酸值的变化。结果表明：脂肪酸种类对β-胡萝卜素脱除率有显著影响，碱炼生成的饱和皂棕榈酸皂对β-胡萝卜素的脱除率最高（5.92%），不饱和皂亚麻酸皂对β-胡萝卜素的脱除率最低（2.57%）；游离脂肪酸含量为1.2%时，β-胡萝卜素脱除率最高（4.09%）;油脂中β-胡萝卜素含量越多，β-胡萝卜素脱除率越高；碱液质量分数在12%~18%的中强碱有利于β-胡萝卜素的脱除，脱除率为3.73%~4.30%；随着超量碱添加量的增加，β-胡萝卜素脱除率先升高后降低，超量碱添加量为0.1%时，脱除率最高，为4.09%；碱炼温度越低，β-胡萝卜素脱除率越高，在30 ℃时β-胡萝卜素脱除率最高（4.46%）；随着碱炼时间的延长，β-胡萝卜素脱除率不断增加，在碱炼时间超过30 min后，β-胡萝卜素脱除率增长变缓；棕榈酸、硬脂酸显著降低油脂的精炼得率；随着碱液质量分数、超量碱添加量、碱炼温度、碱炼时间、游离脂肪酸含量的增加，油脂精炼得率总体呈下降趋势，β-胡萝卜素含量对油脂精炼得率无显著影响；除含有大量月桂酸的植物油外，碱炼脱酸可以有效地将油脂酸值（KOH）控制在0.04~0.22 mg/g之间。综上，低温、中强碱有助于β-胡萝卜素的脱除，适当缩短碱炼时间有助于β-胡萝卜素的保留。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the accurate and moderate processing of edible oils, the composition of oil samples was changed by adding β-carotene and different fatty acids using soybean oil as the oil sample medium, and the effects of different vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions (lye mass fraction, excess alkali addition, alkali refining temperature, and alkali refining time) on the removal rate of β-carotene in oils and the refining yields of oils in alkali refining process were investigated. The changes of acid value of oils after deacidification under different vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions were determined. The results showed that the fatty acid type had a significant effect on the removal rate of β-carotene, and the saturated soap palmitic acid soap generated by alkali refining had the highest removal rate of β-carotene (5.92%), while the unsaturated soap linolenic acid soap had the lowest removal rate of β-carotene (2.57%); when the content of free fatty acid was 1.2%, the removal rate of β-carotene was the highest (4.09%), the more the β-carotene content in oils, the higher the β-carotene removal rate; the medium-strong alkali with the lye mass fraction of 12%-18% was conducive to the removal of β-carotene, with the removal rate of β-carotene ranging from 3.73% to 4.30%; with the increase of excess alkali addition, the removal rate of β-carotene first increased and then decreased, and the highest removal rate of 4.09% was found when the excess alkali addition was 0.1%; the lower the alkali refining temperature was, the higher the removal rate of β-carotene was, and the highest removal rate of β-carotene was found at 30 ℃ (4.46%); with the prolonging of the alkali refining time, the removal rate of β-carotene increased continuously, and the increase of removal rate slowed down after more than 30 min of alkali refining; palmitic acid and stearic acid significantly reduced the refining yield of oils; with the increase of lye mass fraction, excess alkali addition, alkali refining temperature, alkali refining time, and the content of free fatty acids, the refining yield of oils showed an overall decreasing trend, and β-carotene content had no effect on the refining yield of oils. Except for vegetable oils containing a large amount of lauric acid, alkali refining could effectively control the acid value of oils in the range of 0.04-0.22 mgKOH/g. In conclusion, low temperature and the medium-strong alkali can help the removal of β-carotene, and the appropriate shortening of alkali refining time can help the retention of β-carotene.

A tenet of the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) is that even evidence-based interventions will not be effective with all children. We examined preschool children's response to a supplemental literacy intervention ("Story Friends") in two classrooms. Children with weak vocabulary skills were identified and received the intervention. The extremes in children's response to "Story Friends" ranged from highly effective to very ineffective. In one classroom, three children who were not responsive to "Story Friends" received additional intervention components. Two of these children acquired new vocabulary words at rates comparable to highly responsive peers receiving "Story Friends" only, and greater than peers in both classrooms not receiving additional support. The third child was dropped due to refusal to attend sessions. Children's lack of learning the control words demonstrated that their progress on the taught words was not due simply to listening to the words read in the stories.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Inadequate understanding of the ovulation drivers hinders PCOS intervention. Herein, we report that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls follicular fluid (FF) glutamine levels to determine ovulation. Murine ovulation starts from FF-exposing granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. FF glutamine, which decreases in pre-ovulation porcine FF, elevates in PCOS patients FF. High-glutamine chow to elevate FF glutamine inhibits mouse GC apoptosis and induces hormonal, metabolic, and morphologic PCOS traits. Mechanistically, follicle-development-driving FSH promotes GC glutamine synthesis to elevate FF glutamine, which maintain follicle wall integrity by inhibiting GC apoptosis through inactivating ASK1-JNK apoptotic pathway. FSH and glutamine inhibit the rapture of cultured murine follicles. Glutamine removal or ASK1-JNK pathway activation with metformin or AT-101 reversed PCOS traits in PCOS models that are induced with either glutamine or EsR1 -KO. These suggest that glutamine, FSH, and ASK1-JNK pathway are targetable to alleviate PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, Spencer, Goldstein, Sherman, et al. reported the promising effects of a supplemental, technology-assisted, storybook intervention (Tier 2) containing embedded instruction targeting the oral language learning of preschool children at risk for delays. We sought to advance knowledge of the intervention by replicating it in a new sample and examining children's responses to the narrator's instructional prompts and associations with learning outcomes. Results indicated that children were highly successful in responding with the narrator's task-management prompts (i.e., "turn the page"), particularly after the first book. Children were much less proficient in correctly responding to the narrator's word-teaching prompts (i.e., "say enormous"), but improved over additional storybooks. Exposure to the intervention accelerated children's weekly oral language learning, and effect sizes were comparable to those of Spencer et al. Children's increased word knowledge was positively correlated with their correct responding to the narrator's word-teaching prompts in particular. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [This report was published in "Elementary School Journal" (EJ1103957).]

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet (NS)-based photothermal agents (PTAs), such as transition-metal dichalcogenides, have shown immense potential for their use in cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the nano-bio interaction study regarding these NS-based PTAs is still in its infancy. In this study, we used WS2-PEG NS-based PTA as an example to provide comprehensive insights into the experimental understanding of their fate in cancer cells. The data revealed that three different endocytosis pathways (macropinocytosis, clathrin-dependent, and caveolae-dependent endocytosis), autophagy-mediated lysosome accumulation, and exocytosis-induced excretion contribute to the integrated pathways of WS2-PEG NSs within cells. These pathways are consistent with our previous reports on MoS2-PEG NS-based drug delivery platform, indicating that the composition difference of 2D NSs with PEGylation may have little influence on their intercellular fate. Moreover, by blocking the revealed exocytosis pathway-mediated secretion of WS2 NSs in tumor cells, an effective approach is proposed to attain enhanced photothermal therapeutic outcomes with low doses of WS2 NSs and under a low power of a near-infrared (NIR) laser. We expect that the exocytosis inhibition strategy may be a universal one for 2D NSs to achieve combination cancer therapy. This study may also provide more experimental basis for the future development of 2D NS’s application in biomedicine (e.g. PTT).

Background: Previous studies suggested higher serum progesterone (P) levels were strongly associated with a lower clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). However, the effect of increased serum P levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on clinical outcomes in short-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) downregulated IVF-ET cycles remains unclear.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2017 to December 2021, which included a total of 1664 patients receiving their first short-acting GnRHa IVF-ET cycles at our reproductive medicine centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. The smooth curve fitting and interaction analysis were employed to analyse the association between the CPR and the serum P levels with different embryo types (cleavage-stage embryo or blastocyst). In addition, total cycles were grouped according to different P levels on the trigger day of hCG administration for further analysis.Results: The CPR of patients with increased serum P level (higher than 1.5 ng/mL) on the hCG day did not decrease. A smoothing curve fitting showed that the CPR did not change obviously with the increase in serum P levels. Subgroup analysis of different types of embryos transferred showed that no correlation was observed between the CPR and serum P levels on the day of hCG administration in cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles. However, the CPR of patients receiving blastocyst transfer showed a downward trend with the increase in serum P levels. At the same time, an interaction analysis also confirmed that the CPR of blastocyst transfer was more likely to be affected by elevated serum P levels on the hCG day.Conclusion: In the luteal phase short-acting GnRHa downregulated IVF-ET cycles, the elevated serum P levels on the hCG day did not affect the CPR of cleavage-stage embryo transfer but reduced the CPR of blastocyst transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the current contradiction between the grammar-translation method and the communicative teaching method in English teaching, this paper, starting with clarifying the task of comprehensive English as well as the definition of the two teaching methods, objectively analyzes their advantages and disadvantages and proposes establishing a new method by fusing them with an elaboration on the reasonability of combining them in the practical teaching of comprehensive English with their complementary advantages.