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The human body contains 60–70% water, depending on age. As a body fluid, it is not only a medium in which physical and chemical processes take place, but it is also one of the active mediators. Water is the richest substance with non-covalent hydrogen bonds. Water molecules, by themselves (in vacuum), are diamagnetic but when organized into clusters, they become diamagnetic or paramagnetic. Also, biomolecules (DNA, collagen, clathrin, and other proteins) have non-covalent hydrogen bonds in their structure. The interaction, as well as signal transmission, between water and biomolecules is achieved through the vibrations of covalent and non-covalent hydrogen bonds, which determine the state and dynamics of conformational changes in biomolecules. Disruptive conformational changes in biomolecules, cells, and tissues lead to their dysfunctionality, so they are a frequent cause of many disorders and diseases. For example, the rearrangement of hydrogen bonding due to mitochondrial disease mutation in cytochrome bc1 disturbs heme bH redox potential and spin state. In order to prevent and repair the dysfunctional conformational changes, a liquid substance was developed based on the second derivative of the C60 molecule (SD-C60), which has classical and quantum properties. The characterization of SD-C60 by UV-VIS-NIR, FTIR, TEM, and AFM/MFM was performed and it is shown that SD-C60 water layers generate vibrations with near-zero phase dispersion which are transmitted through Fibonacci’s water chains to biomolecules. In comparison with previously published SD-C60 derivate (3HFWC, size until 10 nm, and 1–5 water layers), the improved formulation (3HFWC-W, size 10–25 nm, and 6–9 water layers) showed multiplied cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines of different aggressiveness. Apart from this, the mode of action was preserved and based on an induction of senescence rather than cell death. Importantly, high selectivity towards malignant phenotypes was detected. Observed e

In order to further investigate performance of Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy in cervical cancer detection, deep learning algorithm has been used for classification of optomagnetic spectra of the samples. Optomagnetic spectra reflect cell properties and based on those properties it is possible to differ-entiate normal cells from cells showing different levels of dysplasia and cancer cells. In one of the previous research, Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy has demonstrated high percentages of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in cervical cancer detection, particularly in the case of binary classification. Somewhat lower accuracy percentages were obtained in the case of four class classification. Compared to the results obtained by conventional machine learning classification algorithms, proposed deep learning algorithm achieves similar accuracy results (80%), greater sensitivity (83.3%), and comparable specificity percentages (78%).

Three types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesised with a custom-made Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) device, from aqueous solutions of gold (III) chloride (AuCl3) and gold (III) acetate (AuC6H12O6), with an initial concentration of Au 0.5 g/L. AuNPs were collected in suspensions of deionised (D.I.) water with the stabilisers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or polyethylene glycol (PEG), followed by the process of freeze drying the AuNPs to be useful as a new additive for the cream. The standard cream base was used as a matrix for preparation of three types of cream with AuNPs in the same concentration ratios. The third AuNPs cream was prepared with a patented hydroxylated fullerene water complex (3HFWC-W) matrix. To examine the effect of AuNPs as additive in creams, a six-week study of test creams was conducted on 33 volunteers with no dermatological diseases. During the study three main parameters of the skin where measured: Collagen quality, skin moisturisation and the epidermis-dermis function. The results of the study found improvements of collagen quality between 18-24 %, achieved due to the use of AuNPs in standard creams, while the cream with the combination of 3HFWC-W and AuNPs gave significantly higher improvements with a value of 45.7 %. It was also discovered that hydration of the skin (stratum cornum) increased by 6.4-9.6 % in standard creams with AuNPs, and 73.7 % in the 3HFWC/AuNPs' cream. Similar results were measured by the epidermisdermis function, where 24-28 % improvement for standard creams with AuNPs was identified, and 38.4 % for the cream 3HFWC-W/AuNPs.

The most symmetric molecule, Buckminster fullerene C-60, due to its unique properties, has been intensively studied for various medical and technological advances. Minimally invasive and minimally toxic treatments hold great promise for future applications. With this in mind, this research exploited the physical properties of fullerene molecules for potential therapeutic effects. Pristine fullerenes have peak absorbance in the 380-500 nm range, making them an attractive violet-blue light filter. Since spectral quality of light can affect behavior, this research used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs fMRI) and behavioral testing to directly evaluate the effects of fullerene-filtered light on brain processing and behavior in mice. The same method was used to study if hydroxyl fullerene water complexes (3HFWC), with or without fullerene-filtered light, modulated brain processing. A month-long, daily exposure to fullerene-filtered light led to decreased activation of the brain area involved in emotional processing (amygdala). Water supplemented with 3HFWC resulted in an activation of brain areas involved in pain modulation and processing (periaqueductal gray), and decreased latency to first reaction when tested with a hot plate. The combination of fullerene-filtered light with 3HFWC in drinking water led to restored sensitivity to a hot plate and activation of brain areas involved in cognitive functions (prelimbic, anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex). These results uncovered the potential of fullerene-filtered light to impact emotional processing and modulate pain perception, indicating its further use in stress and pain management.

Background Hyper Harmonized Hydroxyl Modified Fullerene Substance (3HFWC(+)) establishes hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water molecules and organizes them in clusters with the liquid crystalline state, similar to the properties of water surrounding the biomolecules. Aims To investigate the moisturizing properties of hyperharmonized fullerenol-3HFWC(+) as an emulsion O/W ingredient on the skin. Patients/Methods We have analyzed the reflexion of the blue light from the skin, in vivo, with different levels of moisturization and compared the influence of three groups of cosmetic products (with various active ingredients, 3HFWC(+) or water in same percentage in the "vehiculum") on skin moisturization by measuring paramagnetic/diamagnetic properties by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy. Results Regenerating Cream and Body Lotion have shown statistically significant increase of diamagnetic features predominantly in all 3 types of creams, while the Hand Cream formulations have not shown statistically significant results after 4 weeks of treatment. Anti-aging cream with 3HFWC(+) demonstrated statistically significant increase of paramagnetic properties of the skin (p(+)/p(-) from 0.90 to 0.62) and showed beneficial effects on information transfer and water content in stratum corneum. Conclusion Although it does not act as a classical moisturizing agent on the skin, 3HFWC(+) can increase moisturization as a result of hydrogen bonds established among 3HFWC(+) and water or biomolecules, liquid crystalline state of water in 3HFWC(+) resembling the properties of water surrounding the biomolecules, and finally, liquid crystalline state of water in the products.

Uvod/Cilj. Plavo svetlo može da bude štetno za retinu. Nano-materijal od fulerena C60 i polimetil metakrilata (PMMA) transformiše svetlo u harmonizovano hiperpolarizovano svetlo upijajući plavu, ljubičastu i ultraljubičastu talasnu dužinu. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se oceni subjektivni i objektivni uticaj nošenja naočara na obavljanje dnevnih aktivnosti. Metode. Dvadeset pet zdravih dobrovoljaca podvrgnuto je kompletnom oftalmološkom pregledu, ispitivanju kontrastne senzitivnosti (KS) i perimetrije (PM). Popunjavan je upitnik o uticaju naočara na dnevne aktivnosti: dvoje naočara sa različitim koncentracijama fulerena C60 upoređeno je sa dvoje komercijalno dostupnih naočara sa plavim filterom. Rezultati. Nije postojala statistička razlika u KS (p = 0,83), kod PM parametara: MD (mean deviation) (p = 0,36), PSD (pattern standard deviation) (p = 0,25), i kod broja relativnih skotoma (p = 0,31), dok je broj apsolutnih skotoma pokazao statistički značajno smanjenje (p lt 0,05). Naočare B (sa manjom koncentracijom fulerena od 0,025%) imale su sveukupno najbolju srednju ocenu (p lt 0,00001): oko četiri petine ispitanika je bolje funkcionisalo danju, dok je oko dve trećine njih osećalo boljitak i danju i noću. Naočare B su isto tako bile superiorne u sveukupnoj oceni zadovoljstva pri svim kombinovanim dnevnim aktivnostima (4,04 ± 1,1) (p = 0,0008). Zaključak. Naočare sa plavim filterom na bazi fulerena C60 povećavaju sveukupan komfor u obavljanju dnevnih aktivnosti pri njihovom nošenju i nakon nošenja. Ovi filteri mogu da budu efikasan način zaštite od očnih bolesti uzrokovanih plavim svetlom uz povećan komfor u obavljanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti., Background/Aim. Blue light might be harmful to the retina. The nano-material based on fullerene C60 and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) transforms the light into harmonized light and absorbs violet, blue, and ultraviolet (UV) wavelength. The aim of the study was to evaluate the subjective and objective impact of the spectacles on daily activities. Methods. Twenty-five healthy participants were submitted to contrast sensitivity (CS) and visual field (VF) testing and a questionnaire about the influence of spectacles on daily activities: two spectacles with different concentrations of fullerene C60 vs. two commercially available blue-blocking spectacles. Results. There was no statistical difference in CS (p = 0.83), in VF parameters: mean deviation (MD) (p = 0.36), pattern standard deviation (PSD) (p = 0.25), number of relative scotomas (p = 0.31), while the number of absolute scotomas showed a statistically significant decrease (p lt 0.05). Spectacles B (with a lower concentration of fullerene - 0.025%) had the best overall comfort mean score (p lt 0.00001): four-fifths of participants performed better only during the day, while two-thirds performed better both during the day and night. Spectacles B were also superior in overall satisfaction regarding all combined daily activities (4.04 ± 1.1) (p = 0.0008). Conclusion. Blue-blocking filters with fullerene C60 increase the overall comfort of daily tasks during and after their use. These filters might be an effective mechanism that can protect us from ocular pathologies while providing better comfort in daily activities.

Background Fullerene water complex establishes the optimal order and function of biomolecules in natural, biophysical way by transducing the signal through water hydrogen bonds to biomolecules. Objectives This paper considers the effects of the patented hyper-harmonized-hydroxylated fullerene water complex (3HFWC) on biophysical properties of the skin collagen molecules. Method Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) has been used for the analysis of the biophysical skin properties (diamagnetic/paramagnetic) after applying three groups of different cosmetic products. Tested cosmetic products were prepared by replacing the active ingredients with 3HFWC or with water in four commercial products. The original commercial creams and their vehiculums with water added served as control groups. Data were statistically analyzed using paired t test in R software. Results t Test gave statistically significant results for all of the products with 3HFWC, while within the control group, only body lotion and hand cream did show statistically significant results (P lt 0.05). Significant improvements in abundance and quality of collagen in the dermis were achieved with body lotion with 3HFWC (p(+)/p(-)ranged from 0.82 to 0.97). While body lotion vehiculum made collagen-water interaction more stable (p(+)/p(-)ranged from 0.3 to 0.55), hand cream with 3HFWC made it more dynamic (p(+)/p(-)ranged from 0.63 to 0.49). Body lotion vehiculum improved the compactness of the dermis (p(+)/p(-)ranged from 0.2 to 1.03), as well as commercial hand cream (p(+)/p(-) ranged from 0.28 to 0.85). Conclusion Compared to the control groups, cosmetic products with 3HFWC demonstrated positive effects on the biophysical properties of the skin. Increased paramagnetic properties are linked to more unpaired electrons, their faster movement, and, finally, better signal transduction. Thus, products with 3HFWC could enable faster regeneration of collagen and prompt skin reaction to the negative environmental inf

Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Fullerene (PMMA/C-60) nanocomposites, with different concentrations of C(60)molecules (0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%), were synthesized and characterized by Magnetic Force Microscopy and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Characterization had two main objectives: to identify C(60)molecules in the PMMA/C(60)complex and to evaluate the order of PMMA and C(60)molecules in it. Since the structural properties of PMMA/C(60)complex depend on the arrangement of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and C(60)molecules, it can be concluded that the structure of the complex directly correlates to the ratio of an unpaired/paired electrons within the material. To investigate the influence of different concentrations of fullerene molecules in PMMA on the attraction and the repulsion forces in material, based on paired and unpaired electrons, and ultimately on the complex structural and optical properties, Magnetic Force Microscopy was used. Investigation showed that PMMA/C(60)complex with 0.025 wt.% concentration of C(60)has the best structural and optical properties for applications in ophthalmology, and may be used as a new material for spectacles. UV-VIS Spectroscopic analysis in domain of 380 to780 nm showed that PMMA material with 0.025 wt.% concentration of C(60)reduces UV and high blue energy light for more than 60% and in new spectral scenario ratio of blue and green spectra is changed.

The stable isomers of the higher fullerenes C76 and C84 with D2 symmetry as well as the basic fullerenes C60 and C70 were isolated from carbon soot and characterized by the new and advanced methods, techniques, and processes. The validity of several semiempirical, ab initio, and DFT theoretical calculations in predicting the general pattern of IR absorption and the vibrational frequencies, as well as the molecular electronic structure of the C76 and C84 isomers of D2 symmetry, is confirmed, based on recent experimental results. An excellent correlation was found between the previously reported theoretical data and the recently obtained experimental results for these molecules over the relevant spectral range for the identification of fullerenes. These results indicate that there are no errors in the calculations in the significant spectral regions, the assumptions that were based on previous comparisons with partial experimental results Isolated fullerenes are important for their applications in electronic and optical devices, solar cells, optical limiting, sensors, polymers, nanophotonic materials, diagnostic and therapeutic agents, health and environment protection, and so forth.

Optomagnetna imidžing spektroskopija pokazala je visok procenat tačnosti u klasifikaciji bioloških tkiva, posebno kada se radi o uzorcima grlića materice, usne duplje i debelog creva. Ova metoda omogućava detekciju abnormalnog tkiva i ćelija i stoga može da se koristi kao dijagnostički test u okviru skrining programa. U prethodnim studijama analizirani su cervikalni uzorci i uzorci dobijeni tehnikom citologije na tečnoj bazi pomoću optomagnetne imidžing spektroskopije u cilju detekcije karcinoma grlića materice i pokazano je da ova metoda može da razdvoji zdravo tkivo od kancera. Do sada su testirani samo binarni klasifikacioni modeli za kasifikaciju cervikalnih uzoraka na bazi optomagnetnih spektara uzoraka. U ovom radu testirana je klasifikacija Papanikolaou razmaza u četiri klase (II, III, IV i V Papanikolaou grupe) korišćenjem klasifikacionog modela na bazi Random Forest klasifikatora koji je pokazao interklasnu senzitivnost od 49,25%, 58,97%, 50%, 44,44% za II, III, IV i V Papanikolau grupu respektivno, i specifičnost od 65,26%, 54,76%, 98,70% i 98,69% za II, III, IV i V Papanikolau grupu respektivno., Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy demonstrated high percentages of accuracy in biological sample classification, namely cervical, oral and colon samples. It enables detection of abnormal tissue and cells, and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool in screening programs. Papanicolaou smears and liquid based cytology samples were analysed in previous studies on cervical cancer detection by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy and it was shown that this method can diferentiate normal healthy tissue from the cancer tissue. So far, only binary classification of the cervical samples was performed based on optomagnetic spectra of the samples. In this paper, classification of the Papanicolaou smears into four groups (II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou groups) was tested with the Random Forest classification model that demonstrated interclass sensitivity of 49.25%, 58.97%, 50%, 44.44% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively, and specificity of 65.26%, 54.76%, 98.70% and 98.69% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as a major health problem in industrialized countries is highly preventable and can be successfully treated in the early stages. However, incidence and mortality of CRC has increased over the last two decades. The reason could be that the current recommended options for screening are costly, unpleasant for patients, have low sensitivity and poor accessibility for screening. These reasons provide a strong rationale for the development of a new method. Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) as a new imaging method for the characterisation of various materials, including human tissues, is based on light-matter interaction, using a Poincare sphere for light properties and a Bloch sphere for electron properties, and allows the detection of biophysical characteristics within human tissue samples. Compared with histopathology examination, the OMIS method achieved an accuracy of 92.59% using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network as a classifier, and 89.87% using Naive-Bayes, respectively. The obtained results, based on the investigation of 316 samples, both tumour and normal mucosa (162 cancer cases), strongly suggest that the new non-invasive OMIS method might be used for tissue characterization ex vivo to discriminate between the healthy and carcinoma state of the colon. However, it opens up the possibility of using the same method in in vivo studies to assist physicians in targeting biopsies of colorectal tissue.

Semi-automated system for classification of cervical smear images based on Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy (OMIS) and machine learning is proposed. Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy has been applied to screen 700 cervical samples prepared according to Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) principles and to record spectra of the samples. Peak intensities and peak shift frequencies from the spectra have been used as features in classification models. Several machine learning algorithms have been tested and results of classification have been compared. Results suggest that the presented approach can be used to improve standard LBC screening tests for cervical cancer detection. Developed system enables detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous states with sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 83% along with AUC (ROC) of 88% and could be used as an improved alternative procedure for cervical cancer screening. Moreover, this can be achieved via portable apparatus and with immediately available results.

PurposeNegative surgical margins status is of extreme importance for better prognosis and lower recurrence rate in patients undergoing surgical treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Standard histopathology is time consuming and current optical procedures come with various limitations. We examined the potential of a new imaging technique-opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) in discriminating tumor (OSCC) from adjacent non-tumor oral cavity tissue.MethodsA total of 46 samples from 21 patients were included in this study. Samples were taken from a fresh surgical specimen of primary OSCC. Digital imaging of samples was performed within 60 min of resection using OMIS device. Images were processed through a specifically designed convolution algorithm based on light-matter interaction. As a result a convolution spectrum was generated. Predictive value of spectral data was assessed using correlation tests and Naive Bayes classification model.ResultsThere was no significant correlation in distribution of characteristic peaks between tumor and non-tumor tissue (P>0.05). Tumor tissue showed more magnetic activity compared to non-tumor tissue. Naive Bayes classifier with kernel density estimation discriminated tumor from non-tumor tissue with the accuracy of 82.61%, 86.96% sensitivity, 78.26% specificity and the AUC value of 0.917.ConclusionOMIS seems to be a promising optical method for ex vivo characterization of OSCC and non-tumor tissue. Further investigation is necessary to determine how tissue type and level of pathological transformation impact OMIS results. Ultimately, this could aid surgeons in using this method as an in vivo indicator for surgical resection with safe margins.

The FT-IR spectra of the stable C-76 and C-84 isomers of D-2 symmetry, isolated by the new, advanced extraction and chromatographic methods and processes, were recorded by the KBr technique, over the relevant region from400 to 2000 cm(-1), at room temperature. All the observed infrared bands are in excellent agreement with the semiempirical QCFF/PI, DFT, and TB potential calculations for these fullerenes, which is presented in this article, as the evidence of their validity. The molar absorptivity epsilon and the integrated molar absorptivity psi of their IR absorption bands were determined and reported together with the relative intensities. Excellent agreement is found between the relative intensities of the main and characteristic absorption maxima calculated from epsilon(lambda) and from the psi(lambda) values in adequate integration ranges. These results are significant for the identification and quantitative determination of the C-76-D-2 and C-84-D-2:22 fullerenes, either in natural resources on Earth and in space or in artificially synthesized and biomaterials, electronic, optical, and biomedical devices, sensors, polymers, optical limiters, solar cells, organic field effect transistors, special lenses, diagnostic and therapeutic agents, pharmaceutical substances in biomedical engineering, and so forth.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. The fact that cervical cancer takes many years to develop indicates that mortality rates can be significantly decreased with early detection. This is why screening tests for early cervical cancer detection are so important, especially in developing countries where screening programs are not available to the same extent as in developed countries. About 84% of all cervical cancer cases in 2012 occurred in less developed countries mainly due to the lack of effective screening programs. Even if the necessary infrastructure in one country exists, the cost of screening test is usually too high. Finally, the accuracy of screening test needs to be satisfying in order to detect all the abnormal cases and treat them effectively. Papanicolaou test is still the most effective screening test for cervical cancer detection so far. However, the accuracy of Papanicolaou test is closely related to the expertise of the cytopathologist and therefore the accuracy varies producing relatively low sensitivity of Papanicolaou test (50-85%). HPV DNA test is approved as primary screening test, but so far it gives better results when it is used in conjunction with cytology. We present a method and device for detection of cervical cancer based on optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) and compare the results for cancer detection using stained and fresh unstained cervical cell samples. Compared to stained samples, unstained fresh sample classification by OMIS into healthy/cancerous group with Na lt ve Bayes classifier gave higher accuracy (96% compared to 85,18%).

Investigation of the properties of peptide plane in protein chain from both classical and quantum approach is presented. We calculated interatomic force constants for peptide plane and hydrogen bonds between peptide planes in protein chain. On the basis of force constants, displacements of each atom in peptide plane, and time of action we found that the value of the peptide plane action is close to the Planck constant. This indicates that peptide plane from the energy viewpoint possesses synergetic classical/quantum properties. Consideration of peptide planes in protein chain from information viewpoint also shows that protein chain possesses classical and quantum properties. So, it appears that protein chain behaves as a triple dual system: (1) structural - amino acids and peptide planes, (2) energy - classical and quantum state, and (3) information - classical and quantum coding. Based on experimental facts of protein chain, we proposed from the structure-energy-information viewpoint its synergetic code system.

In this paper we describe the properties of peptide plane of amino acids from a biophysical point of view. We use Lagrange's equations to calculate the energy states of peptide plain and to explain its biophysical proper-ties. We calculate both the energy distribution of each atom in the peptide plain and the energy distribution of peptide plains in a protein chain. As examples, we make calculations of the energy state for collagen, integrin and tubulin peptide chains. We found out that there are no two peptide plains with the same energy state in a single protein chain. Energy distribution of peptide plains is predicted by Gibbs statistics distribution and therefore we named the peptide plain Gibbson. The Gibbson is an elementary quasi particle, "biological condensate", on a nanometer scale. The relationship between Gibbs' energy distribution of collagen, integrin and tubulin opens a new view for understanding cells and tissues communication. This knowledge could be relevant for nanoscience, biomedicine and nanotechnology.

A Monte Carlo model of steady state light transport in contact lenses has been coded in ANSI Standard C. The Monte Carlo simulation offers a flexible, yet rigorous approach to photon transport in tissue which can be applied on the lenses as well. The method describes local rules of photon propagation that are expressed as probability distributions. However, the method is statistical and as such relies on calculating the propagation of large number of photons. As a result, this method requires a large amount of computational time. This method is applied on the lenses and the obtained results are presented. The results confirm the possibility for the theoretical prediction of optical properties of materials.

The problem of low solubility of fullerene is surpassed by its functionalization with -OH groups making a new molecule called fullerol C-60(OH)(24). Materials used in this study are synthesized by incorporating fullerol into commercial soft contact lens material Definitive74 made by Contamac, UK. Three different mass concentrations of fullerol are used: 0.003%, 0.01% and 0.015%. Hence, three materials are produced and the fourth material, the standard one, was used as a reference sample. The purpose of incorporating fullerol into polymer was to develop new materials for soft contact lenses with improved optical and mechanical characteristics. The magnetic properties of polymers change due to fullerol presence therefore the aim was to show the differences in magnetic properties of the materials before and after the exposure to four different external influences. The measurements of a remanent magnetization of these materials are done by spinner magnetometer, JR-6A.