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1. Brian Simon and the Struggle for Education

Author

McCulloch, Gary, Canales, Antonio F., and Ku, Hsiao-Yuh

Subjects
education history, UK, Communist Party, comprehensive education, academic biography, Marxist intellectuals, educational reform, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNB History of education, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement
Abstract

This is the first full-length study of the life and career of Brian Simon (1915-2002), leading Marxist intellectual and historian of education in twentieth-century Britain. Using documentary sources that have only recently become publicly available, it reveals the remarkably broad range of Simon’s life as student, soldier and school teacher, Communist Party activist, and educational academic, campaigner and reformer. In a sympathetic biography that yet retains critical distance, the authors analyse Simon’s contribution to Marxism and the Communist Party. They explore the influence of both on his work as a historian of education and trace the significance of his Marxist beliefs, political associations and historical approach to the cause of educational reform. In so doing, they consider the full nature and limitations of Simon’s achievements in his struggle for education. Unlike many Marxist scholars he remained loyal to the Communist Party in the 1950s, which damaged his reputation as a public intellectual. Nevertheless, his support for comprehensive education helped to promote egalitarian educational reforms in Britain, although he was later unable to provide sufficient resistance to the 1988 Education Reform Act and to a decline in the position of the comprehensive schools. In all this, the significance of Simon’s family, and especially his relationship with his wife Joan is to the fore. Joan and Brian forged a formidable 60-year partnership, in politics and the Communist Party as well as in life, that lasted until Brian’s death in January 2002. Praise for Brian Simon and the Struggle for Education 'a very interesting book for historians of education and the best overall work about the thought and work of Brian Simon.' Historia y Memoria de la Educación

Published
2023
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2. Education for liberal democracy : Fred Clarke and educational reconstruction in England 1936-1952

Author

Ku, Hsiao-Yuh

Subjects
353.80941
Abstract

This thesis explores the connection between the democratic ideas of Fred Clarke (1880-1952), an English educationist, and his contribution to educational reconstruction in England in the 1940s. By drawing on biographical method and documentary research, this thesis demonstrates that Clarke's democratic ideas reflected the ideals of liberal democracy and ways in which his ideas informed his positions on various issues of the educational reform and his actions or activities towards them, which constituted his substantial contribution to the reform. Three general themes in this thesis support the main argument. First, Clarke's ideas about the distinction between community and the State, his conception of equality, and his emphasis on free personality and moral qualities of all citizens found their roots in the ideals of liberal democracy, especially those of developmental democracy. Second, Clarke's ideas of democracy underlay his positions on educational issues such as the reorganization of the central authority; the public schools; the administrative system, selection and organization of secondary education; further education; teacher education and the teaching profession; and adult education. Third, Clarke contributed himself to the reform primarily through arousing and guiding public opinion by means of his speeches, writings, cooperative actions, engagement in professional organizations, and the publication of the first report of the Central Advisory Council, School and Life (1947), which were also in accordance with his ideas of democracy. Clarke also exerted his influence on cultural elites through discussion groups and on policy-makers and key figures through memoranda, private meetings and correspondence. Given these findings, this thesis helps fill a significant gap in the current knowledge as to Clarke's democratic ideas, his contribution to educational reconstruction in the 1940s, and above all, the intimate link between them. Moreover, it sheds some light on the nature and tensions of the major educational reform of this period.

Published
2012

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