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Gas hydrate contains many bacterial species, including diverse members of Bacteria and less diversity among the Archaea. Gas hydrade is an ice-like substance that contains hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases inside a cage of water molecules.

A Southern blot experiment was conducted to confirm the presence of Planctomycetales 16S rRNA genes in a fosmid library with inserts having approximately 40 kb of marine bacterial DNA. The universal primer 519F and a Planctomycetales-specific primer were used in carrying out a polymerase chain reaction study of the 16S rRNA genes. Results show that four clones have the 16S rRNA genes, three of them belong to the Pirellula group, while the fourth is from the Planctomyces group.

A bacterial chromosomal painting (BCP) process was developed for the in situ identification of bacteria by utilizing chromosomal paints constructed from bacterial genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The method involves the hybridization of the chromosomal paints to aldehyde-fixed, permeabilized bacterial cells to determine the metabolic and genetic potentials of uncultured and numerically important bacteria. Furthermore, the BCP technique was efficiently utilized for the reciprocal comparisons of distantly related members of Proteobacteria.

The microbial community compositions of samples from two glaciers overlying differing bedrock are compared. Bulk meltwater chemistry indicate that sulfide oxidation and carbonate dissolution account for 90% of the solute from Bench Glacier, Alaska, whereas gypsum/anhydrite and carbonate dissolution accounts for the majority of the flux from John Evans Glacier, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada.