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1. Patrilocality and hunter-gatherer-related ancestry of populations in East-Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age

Author

Maciej Chyleński, Przemysław Makarowicz, Anna Juras, Maja Krzewińska, Łukasz Pospieszny, Edvard Ehler, Agnieszka Breszka, Jacek Górski, Halina Taras, Anita Szczepanek, Marta Polańska, Piotr Włodarczak, Anna Lasota-Kuś, Irena Wójcik, Jan Romaniszyn, Marzena Szmyt, Aleksander Kośko, Marcin Ignaczak, Sylwester Sadowski, Andrzej Matoga, Anna Grossman, Vasyl Ilchyshyn, Maryna O. Yahodinska, Adriana Romańska, Krzysztof Tunia, Marcin Przybyła, Ryszard Grygiel, Krzysztof Szostek, Miroslawa Dabert, Anders Götherström, Mattias Jakobsson, and Helena Malmström

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The demographic history of East-Central Europe after the Neolithic period remains poorly explored, despite this region being on the confluence of various ecological zones and cultural entities. Here, the descendants of societies associated with steppe pastoralists form Early Bronze Age were followed by Middle Bronze Age populations displaying unique characteristics. Particularly, the predominance of collective burials, the scale of which, was previously seen only in the Neolithic. The extent to which this re-emergence of older traditions is a result of genetic shift or social changes in the MBA is a subject of debate. Here by analysing 91 newly generated genomes from Bronze Age individuals from present Poland and Ukraine, we discovered that Middle Bronze Age populations were formed by an additional admixture event involving a population with relatively high proportions of genetic component associated with European hunter-gatherers and that their social structure was based on, primarily patrilocal, multigenerational kin-groups.

Published
2023
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2. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Author

Librado, Pablo, Khan, Naveed, Fages, Antoine, Kusliy, Mariya A, Suchan, Tomasz, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Alioglu, Duha, Fromentier, Aurore, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean-Marc, Gaunitz, Charleen, Chauvey, Lorelei, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Southon, John, Shapiro, Beth, Tishkin, Alexey A, Kovalev, Alexey A, Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H, Al-Rasheid, Khaled AS, Seregély, Timo, Klassen, Lutz, Iversen, Rune, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Bodu, Pierre, Olive, Monique, Castel, Jean-Christophe, Boudadi-Maligne, Myriam, Alvarez, Nadir, Germonpré, Mietje, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Tunia, Krzysztof, Nowak, Marek, Rannamäe, Eve, Saarma, Urmas, Boeskorov, Gennady, Lōugas, Lembi, Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, Bălășescu, Adrian, Dumitrașcu, Valentin, Dobrescu, Roxana, Gerber, Daniel, Kiss, Viktória, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Mende, Balázs G, Gallina, Zsolt, Somogyi, Krisztina, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Gál, Erika, Bendrey, Robin, Allentoft, Morten E, Sirbu, Ghenadie, Dergachev, Valentin, Shephard, Henry, Tomadini, Noémie, Grouard, Sandrine, Kasparov, Aleksei, Basilyan, Alexander E, Anisimov, Mikhail A, Nikolskiy, Pavel A, Pavlova, Elena Y, Pitulko, Vladimir, Brem, Gottfried, Wallner, Barbara, Schwall, Christoph, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Bessudnov, Alexander N, Bessudnov, Alexander, Taylor, William, Magail, Jérome, Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Tabaldiev, Kubatbeek, Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Tsagaan, Turbat, Pruvost, Mélanie, Olsen, Sandra, Makarewicz, Cheryl A, Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia, Albizuri Canadell, Silvia, Nieto Espinet, Ariadna, Iborra, Ma Pilar, Lira Garrido, Jaime, Rodríguez González, Esther, Celestino, Sebastián, Olària, Carmen, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Kotova, Nadiia, Pryor, Alexander, Crabtree, Pam, and Zhumatayev, Rinat

Subjects
Animals, Archaeology, Asia, DNA, Ancient, Domestication, Europe, Genetics, Population, Genome, Grassland, Horses, Phylogeny, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2-4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages10. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture11,12.

Published
2021

3. Patrilocality and hunter-gatherer-related ancestry of populations in East-Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age

Author

Chyleński, Maciej, primary, Makarowicz, Przemysław, additional, Juras, Anna, additional, Krzewińska, Maja, additional, Pospieszny, Łukasz, additional, Ehler, Edvard, additional, Breszka, Agnieszka, additional, Górski, Jacek, additional, Taras, Halina, additional, Szczepanek, Anita, additional, Polańska, Marta, additional, Włodarczak, Piotr, additional, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, additional, Wójcik, Irena, additional, Romaniszyn, Jan, additional, Szmyt, Marzena, additional, Kośko, Aleksander, additional, Ignaczak, Marcin, additional, Sadowski, Sylwester, additional, Matoga, Andrzej, additional, Grossman, Anna, additional, Ilchyshyn, Vasyl, additional, Yahodinska, Maryna O., additional, Romańska, Adriana, additional, Tunia, Krzysztof, additional, Przybyła, Marcin, additional, Grygiel, Ryszard, additional, Szostek, Krzysztof, additional, Dabert, Miroslawa, additional, Götherström, Anders, additional, Jakobsson, Mattias, additional, and Malmström, Helena, additional

Published
2023
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4. Patrilocality and hunter-gatherer-related ancestry of populations in East-Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age

Author

Chyleński, Maciej, Makarowicz, Przemyslaw, Juras, Anna, Krzewińska, Maja, Pospieszny, Łukasz, Ehler, Edvard, Breszka, Agnieszka, Górski, Jacek, Taras, Halina, Szczepanek, Anita, Polańska, Marta, Włodarczak, Piotr, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Wójcik, Irena, Romaniszyn, Jan, Szmyt, Marzena, Kośko, Aleksander, Ignaczak, Marcin, Sadowski, Sylwester, Matoga, Andrzej, Grossman, Anna, Ilchyshyn, Vasyl, Yahodinska, Maryna O., Romańska, Adriana, Tunia, Krzysztof, Przybyła, Marcin, Grygiel, Ryszard, Szostek, Krzysztof, Dabert, Miroslawa, Götherström, Anders, Jakobsson, Mattias, Malmström, Helena, Chyleński, Maciej, Makarowicz, Przemyslaw, Juras, Anna, Krzewińska, Maja, Pospieszny, Łukasz, Ehler, Edvard, Breszka, Agnieszka, Górski, Jacek, Taras, Halina, Szczepanek, Anita, Polańska, Marta, Włodarczak, Piotr, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Wójcik, Irena, Romaniszyn, Jan, Szmyt, Marzena, Kośko, Aleksander, Ignaczak, Marcin, Sadowski, Sylwester, Matoga, Andrzej, Grossman, Anna, Ilchyshyn, Vasyl, Yahodinska, Maryna O., Romańska, Adriana, Tunia, Krzysztof, Przybyła, Marcin, Grygiel, Ryszard, Szostek, Krzysztof, Dabert, Miroslawa, Götherström, Anders, Jakobsson, Mattias, and Malmström, Helena

Abstract

The demographic history of East-Central Europe after the Neolithic period remains poorly explored, despite this region being on the confluence of various ecological zones and cultural entities. Here, the descendants of societies associated with steppe pastoralists form Early Bronze Age were followed by Middle Bronze Age populations displaying unique characteristics. Particularly, the predominance of collective burials, the scale of which, was previously seen only in the Neolithic. The extent to which this re-emergence of older traditions is a result of genetic shift or social changes in the MBA is a subject of debate. Here by analysing 91 newly generated genomes from Bronze Age individuals from present Poland and Ukraine, we discovered that Middle Bronze Age populations were formed by an additional admixture event involving a population with relatively high proportions of genetic component associated with European hunter-gatherers and that their social structure was based on, primarily patrilocal, multigenerational kin-groups.

Published
2023
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5. THE ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY OF COLLECTIVE BURIALS FROM THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC IN EAST CENTRAL EUROPE

Author

Ryszard Grygiel, Igor T. Kochkin, Przemysław Makarowicz, Janusz Czebreszuk, Anita Szczepanek, Przemysław Muzolf, Piotr Włodarczak, Irena Wójcik, Tomasz Goslar, Anna Lasota-Kuś, Vasyl Ilchyshyn, Halina Taras, Marek Nowak, Marcin M. Przybyła, Marek Figlerowicz, Łukasz Pospieszny, Andrzej Matoga, Marina O. Jagodinska, Jacek Górski, Anna Juras, Maciej Chyleński, Malgorzata Marcinkowska-Swojak, and Kochkin Igor T.

Subjects
mortuary houses, Archeology, AMS 14C dates, Structure type, Archaeology, Bayesian modeling, law.invention, Geography, Absolute (philosophy), law, Bronze Age, East-Central Europe, collective burials, 2nd millennium BC, Period (geology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Trzciniec Cultural Circle, Radiocarbon dating, Chronology
Abstract

This article discusses the absolute chronology of collective burials of the Trzciniec Cultural Circle communities of the Middle Bronze Age in East Central Europe. Based on Bayesian modeling of 91 accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dates from 18 cemeteries, the practice of collective burying of individuals was linked to a period of 400–640 (95.4%) years, between 1830–1690 (95.4%) and 1320–1160 (95.4%) BC. Collective burials in mounds with both cremation and inhumation rites were found earliest in the upland zone regardless of grave structure type (mounded or flat). Bayesian modeling of 14C determinations suggests that this practice was being transmitted generally from the southeast to the northwest direction. Bayesian modeling of the dates from the largest cemetery in Żerniki Górne, Lesser Poland Upland, confirmed the duration of use of the necropolis as ca. 140–310 (95.4%) years. Further results show the partial contemporaneity of burials and allow formulation of a spatial and temporal development model of the necropolis. Based on the investigation, some graves were used over just a couple of years and others over nearly 200, with up to 30 individuals found in a single grave.

Published
2021
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6. Burial of a mounted warrior with Ringknaufschwert-type sword from the necropolis in Ostrów, Przemyśl District

Author

Anna Lasota-Kuś and Sabina Stempniak-Kusy

Subjects
Archeology
Abstract

During the excavation of the Przeworsk culture necropolis at Site 21 in Ostrów, Przemyśl District, a richly furnished burial of a mounted warrior was found. The burial, which can be dated to the developed stage of the Early Roman period based on the grave goods, stood out through the lavishness of its grave inventory. Among other objects, the grave goods included a sword with a ring-like pommel, known as a Ringknaufschwert, two spearhead, one of them with punched decoration, and elements of horse tack. There also were ornaments and dress items, particularly noteworthy among them a gold pelta-shaped pendant decorated with granulation.

Published
2021
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8. Isotopic evidence of millet consumption in the Middle Bronze Age of East-Central Europe

Author

Marina O. Jagodinska, Przemysław Makarowicz, Krzysztof Tunia, Anita Szczepanek, Jacek Górski, Jamie Lewis, Irena Wójcik, Piotr Włodarczak, Marek Nowak, Anna Juras, Halina Taras, Łukasz Pospieszny, Ryszard Grygiel, Maciej Chyleński, Tomasz Goslar, Janusz Czebreszuk, Marcin M. Przybyła, Andrzej Matoga, Vasyl Ilchyshyn, Jan Romaniszyn, Marta Polańska, Anna Lasota-Kuś, Przemysław Muzolf, and Daniel Makowiecki

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, δ13C, Stable isotope ratio, Ecology, 06 humanities and the arts, δ15N, 15. Life on land, Consumption (sociology), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Crop, Geography, Bronze Age, law, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Domestication, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Broomcorn millet is one of the most important plants species in pre-history. It was first domesticated in China and subsequently spread across Eurasia becoming a significant staple crop. For a long time, the arrival of millet into Europe was assumed to have taken place in the Neolithic. However, this has recently been challenged, with new direct radiocarbon measurements on reportedly Neolithic charred millet grains in fact dating to the Middle Bronze Age. To aid in understanding the timing of millet's spread across East-Central Europe in the Bronze Age we present the results of over 120 new paired radiocarbon dates and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) measurements on human bone collagen from individuals across 33 archaeological sites in Poland and western Ukraine. In doing so we directly assess millet's role in the Bronze Age diets. Our results show a clear increase in bone collagen δ13C values from the middle 15th century BC onwards. This increase is rapid across the whole study area, occurring almost simultaneously with respect to the precision of our radiocarbon dates. Pilot stable isotope data for contemporary animals suggests that they were not foddered with millet and hence it was probably eaten directly by humans. Interestingly, individuals consuming millet appear to be exclusive to geographically upland regions compared to lowland ones. However, not all individuals from upland zone have δ13C values consistent with millet consumption. Based on the stable isotope evidence for upland millet consumption and the well documented evidence for connections between these people and those in the northern Carpathian Basin at this time, we posit that it is through this route, across the Carpathians, that millet was introduced into the region. An increase of its economic importance in Lesser Poland was plausibly caused by a significant growth in human populations.

Published
2021

10. The Origins and Spread of Domestic Horses from the Western Eurasian Steppes

Author

Librado, P., Khan, N., Fages, A., Kusliy, M. A., Suchan, T., Tonasso-Calvière, L., Schiavinato, S., Alioglu, D., Fromentier, A., Perdereau, A., Aury, J. -M., Gaunitz, C., Chauvey, L., Seguin-Orlando, A., Der Sarkissian, C., Southon, J., Shapiro, B., Tishkin, A. A., Kovalev, A. A., Alquraishi, S., Alfarhan, A. H., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Seregély, T., Klassen, L., Iversen, R., Bignon-Lau, O., Bodu, P., Olive, M., Castel, J. -C., Boudadi-Maligne, M., Alvarez, N., Germonpré, M., Moskal-del Hoyo, M., Wilczyński, J., Pospuła, S., Lasota-Kuś, A., Tunia, K., Nowak, M., Rannamäe, E., Saarma, U., Boeskorov, G., Lōugas, L., Kyselý, R., Peške, L., Bălășescu, A., Dumitrașcu, V., Dobrescu, R., Gerber, D., Kiss, V., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mende, B. G., Gallina, Z., Somogyi, K., Kulcsár, G., Gál, E., Bendrey, R., Allentoft, M. E., Sirbu, G., Dergachev, V., Shephard, H., Tomadini, N., Grouard, S., Kasparov, A., Basilyan, A. E., Anisimov, M. A., Nikolskiy, P. A., Pavlova, E. Y., Pitulko, V., Brem, G., Wallner, B., Schwall, C., Keller, M., Kitagawa, K., Bessudnov, A. N., Bessudnov, A., Taylor, W., Magail, J., Gantulga, J. -O., Bayarsaikhan, J., Erdenebaatar, D., Tabaldiev, K., Mijiddorj, E., Boldgiv, B., Tsagaan, T., Pruvost, M., Olsen, S., Makarewicz, C. A., Valenzuela Lamas, S., Albizuri Canadell, S., Nieto Espinet, A., Iborra, M. P., Lira Garrido, J., Rodríguez González, E., Celestino, S., Olària, C., Arsuaga, J. L., Kotova, N., Pryor, A., Crabtree, P., Zhumatayev, R., Toleubaev, A., Morgunova, N. L., Kuznetsova, T., Lordkipanize, D., Marzullo, M., Prato, O., Bagnasco Gianni, G., Tecchiati, U., Clavel, B., Lepetz, S., Davoudi, H., Mashkour, M., Berezina, N. Y., Stockhammer, P. W., Krause, J., Haak, W., Morales-Muñiz, A., Benecke, N., Hofreiter, M., Ludwig, A., Graphodatsky, A. S., Peters, J., Kiryushin, K. Y., Iderkhangai, T. -O., Bokovenko, N. A., Vasiliev, S. K., Seregin, N. N., Chugunov, K. V., Plasteeva, N. A., Baryshnikov, G. F., Petrova, E., Sablin, M., Ananyevskaya, E., Logvin, A., Shevnina, I., Logvin, V., Kalieva, S., Loman, V., Kukushkin, I., Merz, I., Merz, V., Sakenov, S., Varfolomeyev, V., Usmanova, E., Zaibert, V., Arbuckle, B., Belinskiy, A. B., Kalmykov, A., Reinhold, S., Hansen, S., Yudin, A. I., Vybornov, A. A., Epimakhov, A., Berezina, N. S., Roslyakova, N., Kosintsev, P. A., Kuznetsov, P. F., Anthony, D., Kroonen, G. J., Kristiansen, K., Wincker, P., Outram, A., Orlando, L., Librado, P., Khan, N., Fages, A., Kusliy, M. A., Suchan, T., Tonasso-Calvière, L., Schiavinato, S., Alioglu, D., Fromentier, A., Perdereau, A., Aury, J. -M., Gaunitz, C., Chauvey, L., Seguin-Orlando, A., Der Sarkissian, C., Southon, J., Shapiro, B., Tishkin, A. A., Kovalev, A. A., Alquraishi, S., Alfarhan, A. H., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Seregély, T., Klassen, L., Iversen, R., Bignon-Lau, O., Bodu, P., Olive, M., Castel, J. -C., Boudadi-Maligne, M., Alvarez, N., Germonpré, M., Moskal-del Hoyo, M., Wilczyński, J., Pospuła, S., Lasota-Kuś, A., Tunia, K., Nowak, M., Rannamäe, E., Saarma, U., Boeskorov, G., Lōugas, L., Kyselý, R., Peške, L., Bălășescu, A., Dumitrașcu, V., Dobrescu, R., Gerber, D., Kiss, V., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mende, B. G., Gallina, Z., Somogyi, K., Kulcsár, G., Gál, E., Bendrey, R., Allentoft, M. E., Sirbu, G., Dergachev, V., Shephard, H., Tomadini, N., Grouard, S., Kasparov, A., Basilyan, A. E., Anisimov, M. A., Nikolskiy, P. A., Pavlova, E. Y., Pitulko, V., Brem, G., Wallner, B., Schwall, C., Keller, M., Kitagawa, K., Bessudnov, A. N., Bessudnov, A., Taylor, W., Magail, J., Gantulga, J. -O., Bayarsaikhan, J., Erdenebaatar, D., Tabaldiev, K., Mijiddorj, E., Boldgiv, B., Tsagaan, T., Pruvost, M., Olsen, S., Makarewicz, C. A., Valenzuela Lamas, S., Albizuri Canadell, S., Nieto Espinet, A., Iborra, M. P., Lira Garrido, J., Rodríguez González, E., Celestino, S., Olària, C., Arsuaga, J. L., Kotova, N., Pryor, A., Crabtree, P., Zhumatayev, R., Toleubaev, A., Morgunova, N. L., Kuznetsova, T., Lordkipanize, D., Marzullo, M., Prato, O., Bagnasco Gianni, G., Tecchiati, U., Clavel, B., Lepetz, S., Davoudi, H., Mashkour, M., Berezina, N. Y., Stockhammer, P. W., Krause, J., Haak, W., Morales-Muñiz, A., Benecke, N., Hofreiter, M., Ludwig, A., Graphodatsky, A. S., Peters, J., Kiryushin, K. Y., Iderkhangai, T. -O., Bokovenko, N. A., Vasiliev, S. K., Seregin, N. N., Chugunov, K. V., Plasteeva, N. A., Baryshnikov, G. F., Petrova, E., Sablin, M., Ananyevskaya, E., Logvin, A., Shevnina, I., Logvin, V., Kalieva, S., Loman, V., Kukushkin, I., Merz, I., Merz, V., Sakenov, S., Varfolomeyev, V., Usmanova, E., Zaibert, V., Arbuckle, B., Belinskiy, A. B., Kalmykov, A., Reinhold, S., Hansen, S., Yudin, A. I., Vybornov, A. A., Epimakhov, A., Berezina, N. S., Roslyakova, N., Kosintsev, P. A., Kuznetsov, P. F., Anthony, D., Kroonen, G. J., Kristiansen, K., Wincker, P., Outram, A., and Orlando, L.

Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages10. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture11,12. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

11. Cemetery at Obrażejowice, Radziemice commune. New sources for research on the Przeworsk culture in the Younger Pre-Roman and Early Roman periods in Western Małopolska

Author

Anna Lasota-Kuś

Subjects
Archeology, Celtic languages, History, Period (geology), Przeworsk culture, Archaeology
Abstract

In 2019, test excavations and surface surveys were carried out on an accidentally discovered Przeworsk culture cemetery at Obrazejowice, Comm. Radziemice. The materials recovered during the research should be dated to the Younger Pre-Roman period (phases A2, A3, and A3/B1) as well as Early, and probably Younger, Roman period (phases B1, B2, B2/C1). It is worth noting that the finds represent “pure” Przeworsk culture, since fragments of Celtic vessels have not as yet been identified.

Published
2019
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12. Mitochondrial genomes from Bronze Age Poland reveal genetic continuity from the Late Neolithic and additional genetic affinities with the steppe populations

Author

Juras, Anna, Makarowicz, Przemysław, Chyleński, Maciej, Ehler, Edvard, Malmström, Helena, Krzewińska, Maja, Pospieszny, Łukasz, Górski, Jacek, Taras, Halina, Szczepanek, Anita, Polańska, Marta, Włodarczak, Piotr, Szyca, Agnieszka, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Wójcik, Irena, Jakobsson, Mattias, Dabert, Miroslawa, Juras, Anna, Makarowicz, Przemysław, Chyleński, Maciej, Ehler, Edvard, Malmström, Helena, Krzewińska, Maja, Pospieszny, Łukasz, Górski, Jacek, Taras, Halina, Szczepanek, Anita, Polańska, Marta, Włodarczak, Piotr, Szyca, Agnieszka, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Wójcik, Irena, Jakobsson, Mattias, and Dabert, Miroslawa

Abstract

Objective: In this work we aim to investigate the origins and genetic affinities of Bronze Age populations (2,400-1,100 BC) from the region of southern Poland and to trace maternal kinship patterns present in the burials of those populations by the use of complete mitochondrial genomes. Materials and methods: We performed ancient DNA analyses for Bronze Age individuals from present-day Poland associated with the Strzy(z) over dotow culture, the Mierzanowice culture, and the Trzciniec Cultural circle. To obtain complete mitochondrial genomes, we sequenced genomic libraries using Illumina platform. Additionally, hybridization capture was used to enrich some of the samples for mitochondrial DNA. AMS C-14-dating was conducted for 51 individuals to verify chronological and cultural attribution of the analyzed samples. Results: Complete ancient mitochondrial genomes were generated for 80 of the Bronze Age individuals from present-day Poland. The results of the population genetic analyses indicate close maternal genetic affinity between Mierzanowice, Trzciniec, and Corded Ware culture-associated populations. This is in contrast to the genetically more distant Strzy(z) over dotow people that displayed closer maternal genetic relation to steppe populations associated with the preceding Yamnaya culture and Catacomb culture, and with later Scythians. Potential maternal kinship relations were identified in burials of Mierzanowice and Trzciniec populations analyzed in this study. Discussion: Results revealed genetic continuity from the Late Neolithic Corded Ware groups to Bronze Age Mierzanowice and Trzciniec-associated populations, and possible additional genetic contribution from the steppe to the formation of the Strzy(z) over dotow-associated group at the end of 3rd millennium BC. Mitochondrial patterns indicated several pairs of potentially maternally related individuals mostly in Trzciniec-associated group.

Published
2020
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13. A cinerary urn from site 21 in Ostrów, Przemyśl District. A contribution to studies on the meaning and role of ornamentation of Early Roman Period ceramic vessels in the Przeworsk culture

Author

Anna Lasota-Kuś

Subjects
Archeology, Meaning (semiotics), History, Pottery, Ancient history, Przeworsk culture, Period (music)
Abstract

Early Roman Period pottery of the Przeworsk culture included vessels covered with elaborate zonal decoration. They were particularly typical for sites from the eastern area of this culture. Undoubtedly, at least some of the ornamental motifs, featuring primarily on artefacts from sepulchral contexts, can be seen as a reflection of the spiritual culture of the investigated community. A unique ornamentation has been recorded on a cinerary urn discovered in the Przeworsk culture cemetery at Ostrow, Dist. Przemyśl, site 21. Some of the motifs featuring on the urn find no parallel among symbols known from the period. It cannot be ruled out that they are evidence of contact with Sarmatian tribes, which could have taken place in the upper Dniester basin. The discussed motifs were most likely a form of symbolic message, legible to the community in which they were created.

Published
2018
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