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1. Setting the background in discourse

Author

Nicholas Asher, Laurent Prévot, and Laure Vieu

Subjects
background, discourse relation, framing topic, SDRT, spatio-temporal frames, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091, Computational linguistics. Natural language processing, P98-98.5
Abstract

Backgrounding relations play a crucial role in discourse and occur frequently in both written and oral corpora. These relations come in two flavors: either the background is introduced after or before the foreground (respectively Backgroundbackwardand Backgroundforward). In Segmented Discourse Representation Theory or SDRT (Asher, Lascarides, 2003), backgrounding relations were among the first to be considered (Lascarides, Asher, 1993). However, while (Vieu, Prévot, 2004) have recently done a careful study of Backgroundbackwardon the whole much less attention has been dedicated to Backgroundforwardsituations. Our approach for Backgroundforwardbuilds on the SDRT analysis of locative adverbials in IP-adjunct position proposed in (Vieu et al., 2005). Such locative adverbials, which have the ability to locate not only the sentence but a whole segment, introduce a complex discourse structure. In a nutshell, this structure contains a new discourse topic (framing topic), which is elaborated by the constituent representing the sentence or the discourse segment falling intuitively under the scope of the adverbial. We propose in this paper to use this mechanism to treat in a uniform way a wide range of phenomena that raise difficulties for a coherent and general treatment of Backgroundforwardconfigurations.

Published
2008
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2. Vers un corpus de textes d’élèves annoté en relations de discours

Author

Clamença Poujade, Myriam Bras, Audrey Pépin-Boutin, Maëlle Joret, Laure Vieu, and Charlotte Roze

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, 16. Peace & justice, Language and Linguistics
Abstract

Cet article presente le processus d’annotation en Relations de Discours (RD) de textes d’eleves du corpus ResolCo (Garcia-Debanc et al. 2017) produits selon une meme consigne d’ecriture. Nous procedons a une segmentation en Unites de Discours Elementaires qui sont ensuite reliees entre elles par des RD lors de l’annotation. Le jeu de RD choisi est proche de celui de la Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (Asher & Lascarides 2003) qui offre une methode operatoire de construction de representations de discours coherents. Elle est mise ici a l’epreuve pour la premiere fois sur des textes d’apprenants et etendue pour l’annotation de l’incoherence.

Published
2021

3. Flight Procedures Description Using Semantic Roles

Author

Cédric Tarbouriech, Denys Bernard, Laure Vieu, Adrien Barton, Jean-François Éthier, TARBOURIECH, Cédric, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Airbus [France], Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), GRIIS - Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], procedure, PSL, FCOM, semantic roles, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], flight procedure, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents an ontological analysis of flight procedures. We aim at representing participants of processes described by such procedures and what roles they play. We re-use the Process Specification Language (PSL) by re-interpreting it as dealing with informational entities describing processes rather than process universals. The identification of roles is based on the analysis of flight manuals (FCOM). The instructions were analysed to find out patterns that supported the construction of an ontology of instructions.

Published
2021

4. The Mereological Structure of Informational Entities

Author

Fumiaki Toyoshima, Jean-François Ethier, Adrien Barton, Paul Fabry, Laure Vieu, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, GRIIS - Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en informatique de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR)

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), 020205 medical informatics, Computer science, Information content entity, 020204 information systems, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Informational structure, Mereology, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Epistemology
Abstract

International audience; This article provides the basis of a formal axiomatic system for a mereology of informational entities based on the idea of information fillers that can occupy information slots, such as the same word that can be used in different sentences. It is inspired by Karen Bennett's mereological system that enables a whole to have a part "twice over", but differs from it in several key points, such as the acceptance of empty slots, and the possibility for slots to have slots. Information slots are analyzed as informational entities that can carry aboutness.

Published
2020

5. Pluralities, Collectives, and Composites

Author

Roberta Ferrario, Laure Vieu, Daniele Porello, Claudio Masolo, Stefano Borgo, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boyan Brodaric, and Fabian Neuhaus

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, membership, collective, Agency (philosophy), mereology, constitution, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Social group, Presentation, plural, parthood, Sociology, composite, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Composition (language), functionality, Plural, media_common, Constitution, social group, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], agency, composition, plurality, 16. Peace & justice, Epistemology, Philosophical analysis, Mereology
Abstract

International audience; Forests, cars and orchestras are very different ontological entities, and yet very similar in some aspects. The relationships they have with the elements they are composed of is often assumed to be reducible to standard ontological relations, like parthood and constitution, but how this could be done is still debated. This paper sheds light on the issue starting from a linguistic and philosophical analysis aimed at understanding notions like plurality, collective and composite, and proposing a formal approach to characterise them. We conclude the presentation with a discussion and analysis of social groups within this framework.

Published
2020

6. The longitudinal study of subjective wellbeing and absenteeism of healthcare workers considering post-COVID condition and the COVID-19 pandemic toll

Author

Mayssam Nehme, Laure Vieux, Laurent Kaiser, François Chappuis, Catherine Chenaud, HealthCo Study Team, and Idris Guessous

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Experts have warned against the pandemic burden on healthcare workers early on, however little is known about the evolution of this burden with time, in addition to the long-term effects of post-COVID symptoms in healthcare workers. Staff at the Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland had an online follow-up in July and December 2021, on their physical and mental health, quality of life and functional capacity using validated scales. Descriptive analyses compared the prevalence of symptoms, functional impairment and quality of life in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative individuals at baseline and at follow-up. Out of the initial n = 3,083 participants that answered at baseline in July 2021, n = 900 (mean age of 46.4 years, 70.1% women) completed the follow-up in December 2021. With time, more individuals reported fatigue (+ 9.4%), headache (+ 9.0%), insomnia (+ 2.3%), cognitive impairment (+ 1.4%), stress/burnout (+ 8.8%), pain (+ 8.3%), digestive symptoms (+ 3.6%), dyspnea (+ 1.0%), and cough (+ 7.7%) compared to baseline, with a differentially larger increase in symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 negative group. Individuals had more functional impairment (12.7% at baseline and 23.9% at follow-up), with more absenteeism and worsening quality of life. Healthcare workers are potentially suffering from long term consequences of the pandemic burden, calling for urgent action and solutions.

Published
2023
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8. ANNODIS and related projects: case studies on the annotation of discourse structure

Author

Stergos D. Afantenos, Myriam Bras, Farah Benamara, Lydia Mai Ho-Dac, Philippe Muller, Nicholas Asher, Laure Vieu, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-ERSS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Nancy Ide, James Pustejovsky, and ANR-07-CORP-0002,ANNODIS,Annotation discursive : corpus de référence pour le français et outils d'aide à l'annotation et à l'exploitation(2007)

Subjects
Enumerative structures, Discourse structure, business.industry, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Data science, Bottom-up/Top-down discourse analysis, Discourse structures, Annotation, Multiple annotation levels, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, business, computer, Natural language processing, Topical chains, Discourse relations
Abstract

International audience; In this paper we report on the efforts of three projects to annotate texts and dialogues with discourse structure. We provide a theoretical discussion of various alternatives and then present our approach to discourse structure annotation, along with some applications of the resources that we have developed.

Published
2017

9. Corpus annotation within the French FrameNet: a domain-by-domain methodology

Author

Marianne Djemaa, Marie Candito, Philippe Muller, Laure Vieu, Analyse Linguistique Profonde à Grande Echelle, Large-scale deep linguistic processing (ALPAGE), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Projet ASFALDA (ANR-12-CORD-023), ANR-12-CORD-0023,ASFALDA,Analyse Sémantique en Frames : Annotation, Lexique, Discours et Automatisation(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Université de Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Logique en informatique, semantic frames, French, FrameNet, Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage, Semantic roles, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Semantically-annotated corpus, [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, semantically-annotated corpus, semantic roles, Semantic frames
Abstract

International audience; This paper reports on the development of a French FrameNet, within the ASFALDA project. While the first phase of the project focused on the development of a French set of frames and corresponding lexicon (Candito et al., 2014), this paper concentrates on the subsequent corpus annotation phase, which focused on four notional domains (commercial transactions, cognitive stances, causality and verbal communication). Given full coverage is not reachable for a relatively " new " FrameNet project, we advocate that focusing on specific notional domains allowed us to obtain full lexical coverage for the frames of these domains, while partially reflecting word sense ambiguities. Furthermore, as frames and roles were annotated on two French Treebanks (the French Treebank (Abeillé and Barrier, 2004) and the Sequoia Treebank (Candito and Seddah, 2012), we were able to extract a syntactico-semantic lexicon from the annotated frames. In the resource's current status, there are 98 frames, 662 frame-evoking words, 872 senses, and about 13000 annotated frames, with their semantic roles assigned to portions of text. The French FrameNet is freely available at alpage.inria.fr/asfalda.

Published
2016

10. A general framework for the annotation of causality based on FrameNet

Author

Laure Vieu, Philippe Muller, Marie Candito, Marianne Djemaa, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analyse Linguistique Profonde à Grande Echelle, Large-scale deep linguistic processing (ALPAGE), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Projet ASFALDA (ANR-12-CORD-023), ANR-12-CORD-0023,ASFALDA,Analyse Sémantique en Frames : Annotation, Lexique, Discours et Automatisation(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Université de Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Logique en informatique, Semantic role labelling, Causality, [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, causality, semantic role labelling, FrameNet, Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage
Abstract

International audience; We present here a general set of semantic frames to annotate causal expressions, with a rich lexicon in French and an annotated corpus of about 4000 instances of causal lexical items with their corresponding semantic frames. The aim of our project is to have both the largest possible coverage of causal phenomena in French, across all parts of speech, and have it linked to a general semantic framework such as FN, to benefit in particular from the relations between other semantic frames, e.g., temporal ones or intentional ones, and the underlying upper lexical ontology that enables some forms of reasoning. This is part of the larger ASFALDA French FrameNet project, which focuses on a few different notional domains which are interesting in their own right (Djemaa et al., 2016), including cognitive positions and communication frames. In the process of building the French lexicon and preparing the annotation of the corpus, we had to remodel some of the frames proposed in FN based on English data, with hopefully more precise frame definitions to facilitate human annotation. This includes semantic clarifications of frames and frame elements, redundancy elimination, and added coverage. The result is arguably a significant improvement of the treatment of causality in FN itself.

Published
2016

11. Distributional semantics for ontology verification

Author

Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles, Laure Vieu, Julien Corman, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Ontology (information science), [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Distributional semantic, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Order (exchange), media_common, Logique en informatique, Rest (physics), CEO, business.industry, Ontology, Aggregate (data warehouse), [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Informatique et langage, Common sense, Intelligence artificielle, 16. Peace & justice, Apprentissage, Linguistic evidence, Identification (information), Distributional semantics, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

International audience; As they grow in size, OWL ontologies tend to comprise intuitively incompatible statements,even when they remain logically consistent. This is true in particular of lightweight ontologies, especially the ones which aggregate knowledge from different sources. The article investigates how distributional semantics can help detect and repair violation of common sense in consistent ontologies, based on the identification of consequences which are unlikely to hold if the rest of the ontology does. A score evaluating the plausibility for a consequence to hold with regard to distributional evidence is defined, as well as several methods in order to decide which statements should be preferably amended or discarded. A conclusive evaluation is also provided, which consists in extending an input ontology with randomly generated statements, before trying to discard them automatically.

Published
2015

12. Senso Comune as a Knowledge Base of Italian language: The Resource and its Development

Author

Guido Vetere, Laure Vieu, Elisabetta Jezek, Alessandro Oltramari, Tommaso Caselli, Isabella Chiari, Aldo Gangemi, Fabio Massimo Zanzotto, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Carnegie Mellon University - CMU (USA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Università di Roma - SAPIENZA (ITALY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), IBM Centers for Advanced Studies - CAS (ITALY), Università degli Studi di Roma 'Tor Vergata' (ITALY), Università di Pavia (ITALY), Vrije University Amsterdam - VU (NETHERLANDS), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - ICST (Rome, Italy), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, NRC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Process (engineering), Computer science, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Ontology (information science), Semantics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Sense classification, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Lexical-ontology model, Annotation, Development (topology), Resource (project management), [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Logique en informatique, Settore INF/01 - Informatica, business.industry, Multiwordnet, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Data science, Apprentissage, Knowledge base, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi di Elaborazione delle Informazioni, business, computer, Natural language processing, Meaning (linguistics)
Abstract

International audience; Senso Comune is a linguistic knowledge base for the Italian Language, which accommodates the content of a legacy dictionary in a rich formal model. The model is implemented in a platform which allows a community of contributors to enrich the resource. We provide here an overview of the main project features, including the lexical-ontology model, the process of sense classification, and the annotation of meaning definitions (glosses) and lexicographic examples. Also, we will illustrate the latest work of alignment with MultiWordNet, to illustrate the methodologies that have been experimented with, to share some preliminary result, and to highlight some remarkable findings about the semantic coverage of the two resources.

Published
2014

13. Occupational and community risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees of a long-term care facility: an observational study

Author

Lauriane Lenggenhager, Romain Martischang, Julien Sauser, Monica Perez, Laure Vieux, Christophe Graf, Samuel Cordey, Florian Laubscher, Tomás Robalo Nunes, Walter Zingg, Anne Cori, Stephan Harbarth, and Mohamed Abbas

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Nosocomial outbreaks, Occupational exposure, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background We investigated the contribution of both occupational and community exposure for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among employees of a university-affiliated long-term care facility (LTCF), during the 1st pandemic wave in Switzerland (March–June 2020). Methods We performed a nested analysis of a seroprevalence study among all volunteering LTCF staff to determine community and nosocomial risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity using modified Poison regression. We also combined epidemiological and genetic sequencing data from a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak investigation in a LTCF ward to infer transmission dynamics and acquisition routes of SARS-CoV-2, and evaluated strain relatedness using a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. Results Among 285 LTCF employees, 176 participated in the seroprevalence study, of whom 30 (17%) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Most (141/176, 80%) were healthcare workers (HCWs). Risk factors for seropositivity included exposure to a COVID-19 inpatient (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.6; 95% CI 0.9–8.1) and community contact with a COVID-19 case (aPR 1.7; 95% CI 0.8–3.5). Among 18 employees included in the outbreak investigation, the outbreak reconstruction suggests 4 likely importation events by HCWs with secondary transmissions to other HCWs and patients. Conclusions These two complementary epidemiologic and molecular approaches suggest a substantial contribution of both occupational and community exposures to COVID-19 risk among HCWs in LTCFs. These data may help to better assess the importance of occupational health hazards and related legal implications during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2022
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15. Developing a French FrameNet: Methodology and First results

Author

Marie Candito, Pascal Amsili, Lucie Barque, Farah Benamara, Gaël de Chalendar, Marianne Djemaa, Pauline Haas, Richard Huyghe, Yvette Yannick Mathieu, Philippe Muller, Benoît Sagot, Laure Vieu, Analyse Linguistique Profonde à Grande Echelle, Large-scale deep linguistic processing ( ALPAGE ), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle ( LLF ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Vision et Ingénierie des Contenus ( LVIC ), Département Intelligence Ambiante et Systèmes Interactifs ( DIASI ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, LaTTiCe - Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques, Cognition - UMR 8094 ( LaTTICe ), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Paris Sciences et Lettres ( PSL ), Centre de Linguistique Inter-langues, de Lexicologie, de Linguistique Anglaise et de Corpus ( CLILLAC-ARP EA 3967 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), ANR-12-CORD-023 - ASFALDA - Projet ANR ASFALDA - French FrameNetANR ASFALDA (ANR-12-CORD-023), ANR-10-LABX-0083,Labex EFL,Programme 'Investissements d’avenir' géré par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-10-LABX-0083 (Labex EFL), ANR-12-CORD-023,ASFALDA,Projet ANR ASFALDA - French FrameNet, Large-scale deep linguistic processing (ALPAGE), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle (LLF UMR7110), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Laboratoire Vision et Ingénierie des Contenus (LVIC), Département Intelligence Ambiante et Systèmes Interactifs (DIASI), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Lattice - Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques, Cognition - UMR 8094 (Lattice), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Département Littératures et langage - ENS Paris (LILA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre de Linguistique Inter-langues, de Lexicologie, de Linguistique Anglaise et de Corpus (CLILLAC-ARP (EA_3967)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), ANR-12-CORD-0023,ASFALDA,Analyse Sémantique en Frames : Annotation, Lexique, Discours et Automatisation(2012), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives - CEA (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Université de Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (FRANCE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris (FRANCE), Université Paris 13 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques, Cognition - LaTTiCe (Montrouge, France), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Département Littératures et langage (LILA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Lattice - Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques, Cognition - UMR 8094 (LattIce), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02/10-LABX-0083,EFL,Empirical Foundations of Linguistics : data, methods, models(2011), Département Littératures et langage - ENS Paris (LILA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
Logique en informatique, semantic frames, [ INFO.INFO-TT ] Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, French FrameNet, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, lexicon, [ INFO.INFO-CL ] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Lexicon, Semantic frames
Abstract

International audience; The Asfalda project aims to develop a French corpus with frame-based semantic annotations and automatic tools for shallow semantic analysis. We present the first part of the project: focusing on a set of notional domains, we delimited a subset of English frames, adapted them to French data when necessary, and developed the corresponding French lexicon. We believe that working domain by domain helped us to enforce the coherence of the resulting resource, and also has the advantage that, though the number of frames is limited (around a hundred), we obtain full coverage within a given domain.

Published
2014

16. Aligning an Italian WordNet with a lexicographic dictionary: Coping with limited data

Author

Tommaso Caselli, Carlo Strapparava, Laure Vieu, Guido Vetere, Trento Rise (ITALY), Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IBM Centers for Advanced Studies - CAS (ITALY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Fondazione Bruno Kessler - FBK (ITALY), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Logique en informatique, Sense similarity, Lexical matching, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Senso commune, Multiwordnet, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; This work describes the evaluations of two approaches, Lexical Matching and Sense Similarity, for word sense alignment between MultiWordNet and a lexicographic dictionary, Senso Comune De Mauro, when having few sense descriptions (MultiWordNet) and no structure over senses (Senso Comune De Mauro). The results obtained from the merging of the two approaches are satisfying, with F1 values of 0.47 for verbs and 0.64 for nouns.

Published
2014

17. Categorizing spatial entities with frontal orientation

Author

Maud Champagne, Laure Vieu, Laure Sarda, Philippe Muller, Michel Aurnague, Jean-Luc Nespoulous, Andrée Borillo, Equipe de Recherche en Syntaxe et Sémantique (ERSS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Jacques Lordat - Centre interdisciplinaire des sciences du langage et de la cognition (LORDAT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lattice - Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques, Cognition - UMR 8094 (Lattice), Département Littératures et langage - ENS Paris (LILA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Michel Aurnague, Maya Hickmann, Laure Vieu, Jan Nuyts, and Département Littératures et langage (LILA)

Subjects
'devant', 'avant', Property (programming), Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, dynamic function, 050105 experimental psychology, Motion (physics), Task (project management), pointing task, Internal Localization Nouns, Noun, static function, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer vision, French adults, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Function (engineering), media_common, 060201 languages & linguistics, saliency, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), 05 social sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, Categorization, aerodynamicity, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, 0602 languages and literature, Artificial intelligence, business, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

International audience; This chapter presents the results from a pointing task that examined French adult’s processing of Internal Localization Nouns (ILNs), with particular attention to 'avant' ('front') and 'devant' ('front surface'). Performance in this task shows that the parameters governing the frontal orientation(s) implied by these markers (“static function", "dynamic function", "aerodynamicity" and "saliency") can be ordered according to their importance during processing. It is then shown that each ILN favors a particular property: whereas 'avant' is tightly linked to motion, the processing of 'devant' is more sensitive to static function. Additional results based on a judgment task also throw some light on subjects’ behavior and strategies. In conclusion, we discuss the properties singled out and their potential role in the categorization of spatial entities.

Published
2007

18. The pandemic toll and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers at a Swiss University Hospital

Author

Mayssam Nehme, Laure Vieux, Delphine S. Courvoisier, Olivia Braillard, Hervé Spechbach, Frederique Jacquerioz, Julien Salamun, Frederic Assal, Frederic Lador, Matteo Coen, Thomas Agoritsas, Jean-Luc Reny, Christophe Graf, Lamyae Benzakour, Riccardo Favale, Paola M. Soccal, Guido Bondolfi, Aglaé Tardin, Dina Zekry, Silvia Stringhini, Stéphanie Baggio, Stéphane Genevay, Kim Lauper, Philippe Meyer, Nana Kwabena Poku, Basile N. Landis, Marwène Grira, José Sandoval, Julien Ehrsam, Simon Regard, Camille Genecand, Garance Kopp, Ivan Guerreiro, Gilles Allali, Pauline Vetter, Laurent Kaiser, François Chappuis, Catherine Chenaud, and Idris Guessous

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Healthcare workers have potentially been among the most exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the deleterious toll of the pandemic. This study has the objective to differentiate the pandemic toll from post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers compared to the general population.The study was conducted between April and July 2021 at the Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland. Eligible participants were all tested staff, and outpatient individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 at the same hospital. The primary outcome was the prevalence of symptoms in healthcare workers compared to the general population, with measures of COVID-related symptoms and functional impairment, using prevalence estimates and multivariable logistic regression models.Healthcare workers (n = 3083) suffered mostly from fatigue (25.5 %), headache (10.0 %), difficulty concentrating (7.9 %), exhaustion/burnout (7.1 %), insomnia (6.2 %), myalgia (6.7 %) and arthralgia (6.3 %). Regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection, all symptoms were significantly higher in healthcare workers than the general population (n = 3556). SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers was associated with loss or change in smell, loss or change in taste, palpitations, dyspnea, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and headache. Functional impairment was more significant in healthcare workers compared to the general population (aOR 2.28; 1.76–2.96), with a positive association with SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR 3.81; 2.59–5.60).Symptoms and functional impairment in healthcare workers were increased compared to the general population, and potentially related to the pandemic toll as well as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings are of concern, considering the essential role of healthcare workers in caring for all patients including and beyond COVID-19.

Published
2022
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19. Artifact and Artifact Categorization: Comparing Humans and Capuchin Monkeys

Author

Elisabetta Visalberghi, Stefano Borgo, Laure Vieu, Noemi Spagnoletti, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR (ITALY), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Universidade de São Paulo - USP (BRAZIL), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - ICST (Rome, Italy), Laboratory for Applied Ontology - LOA (Trento, Italy), Universidade de São Paulo - USP (BRAZIL), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, NRC, Laboratory for Applied Ontology (LOA), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione [Trento] (ISTC-CNR), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
genetic structures, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Epistemology, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Behavioral study, Selection (linguistics), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Logique en informatique, Artifact (error), 060101 anthropology, Philosophy of Mind, 05 social sciences, Cognitive Psychology, Neurosciences, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Informatique et langage, 06 humanities and the arts, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage, Philosophy, Categorization, Developmental Psychology, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

We aim to show that far-related primates like humans and the capuchin monkeys show interesting correspondences in terms of artifact characterization and categorization. We investigate this issue by using a philosophically-inspired definition of physical artifact which, developed for human artifacts, turns out to be applicable for cross-species comparison. In this approach an artifact is created when an entity is intentionally selected and some capacities attributed to it (often characterizing a purpose). Behavioral studies suggest that this notion of artifact is not specific to the human kind. On the basis of the results of a series of field observations and experiments on wild capuchin monkeys that routinely use stone hammers and anvils, we show that the notions of intentional selection and attributed capacity appear to be at play in capuchins as well. The study also suggests that functional criteria and contextualization play a fundamental role in terms of artifact recognition and categorization in nonhuman primates. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Published
2013

20. Retour aux arguments : pour un traitement 'relationnel' des prépositions spatiales

Author

Michel Aurnague, Laure Vieu, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-ERSS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aurnague, Michel, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
fonction, geometry, Fonction, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, géométrie, prépositions, regions, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Arguments, 060201 languages & linguistics, Logique en informatique, function, Geometrie, Adpositions, Informatique et langage, 06 humanities and the arts, space, Intelligence artificielle, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Apprentissage, adpositions, Regions, arguments, espace, Espace, 0602 languages and literature, Prepositions, 0305 other medical science
Abstract

In the 1960s and 1970s, early work on spatial prepositions tried to capture their semantic content by means of geometrical tools and concepts. This practice went on during the following decades -and to this day-, the theoretical framework of "conceptual semantics" developed by Jackendoff being the main representative: differences between spatial prepositions are modelled on the basis of distinct "regions" that these markers introduce when applied to their complement, and in which the target -located entity- is supposed to be situated. Thus addressed, the semantics of spatial PPs is mainly focused on the locating entity or landmark and the location relation is systematically reduced to geometrical inclusion. Opposed to these approaches, other linguistic work (initiated by Vandeloise) showed the importance of "functional" (function of spatial entities) concepts and phenomena in the behaviour of locative markers. In doing so, these studies were accounting for the true "relational" character of many spatial prepositions, the two referents -target and landmark- denoted by their arguments contributing in a decisive way to the construction of meaning. In this paper, we review the history of this opposition and show that a relational approach that combines geometry and function is better suited for grasping the semantics of prepositions and prepositional locutions in all their richness. We put forward several arguments that are based on both empirical evidence from language (here French) and our concern of adequation between formal representations and the phenomena they are supposed to model., Dès les années 1960 et 1970, les premiers travaux sur les prépositions spatiales ont tenté de saisir leur contenu sémantique à travers des outils et notions géométriques. Ce mode opératoire s'est poursuivi dans les décennies qui ont suivi - et jusqu'à nos jours -, le cadre théorique de la " sémantique conceptuelle " mis sur pied par Jackendoff en étant le principal représentant : les différences entre prépositions spatiales y sont traitées sur la base des " régions " distinctes qu'introduisent ces marqueurs appliqués à leur complément et dans lesquelles la cible - entité localisée - est supposée se trouver. Ainsi abordé, le sémantisme des GP spatiaux est essentiellement centré sur l'entité localisatrice ou entité-site et la relation de localisation se voit systématiquement réduite à l'inclusion géométrique. S'opposant à ces approches, d'autres travaux linguistiques (initiés par Vandeloise) ont montré l'importance des concepts et phénomènes " fonctionnels " (fonction des entités spatiales) dans le comportement des marqueurs locatifs. Ce faisant, ces études rendaient compte du caractère véritablement " relationnel " de nombreuses prépositions spatiales, les deux référents - cible et site - désignés par leurs arguments intervenant de façon décisive dans la construction du sens. Dans cette contribution, nous revenons sur l'historique de cette opposition et montrons qu'une approche relationnelle qui combine géométrie et fonction est plus à même de saisir la sémantique des prépositions et locutions prépositionnelles spatiales dans toute leur richesse. Nous avançons pour cela des arguments qui reposent à la fois sur des données empiriques de la langue (ici du français) et sur un souci d'adéquation entre les représentations formelles et les phénomènes qu'elles sont censées modéliser.

Published
2013

21. An open knowledge base for Italian language in a collaborative perspective

Author

Isabella Chiari, Elisabetta Jezek, Alessandro Oltramari, Laure Vieu, Guido Vetere, Aldo Gangemi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Carnegie Mellon University - CMU (USA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Università di Roma - SAPIENZA (ITALY), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), IBM Centers for Advanced Studies - CAS (ITALY), Università di Pavia (ITALY), Université Paris 13 (FRANCE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-Nord - LIPN (Paris, France), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
Lexical semantics, Electronic dictionaries, Exploit, Computer science, Representation (arts), lexical semantics, Lexicon, computer.software_genre, electronic dictionaries, Annotation, ontology, Architecture, computational lexicon, thematic roles, Computational lexicon, Logique en informatique, Ontology, business.industry, frames, linguistic resources, Informatique et langage, Intelligence artificielle, Apprentissage, Linguistic resources, Frames, Knowledge base, Thematic roles, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Natural language processing
Abstract

In this paper, we describe the architecture and collaborative approach adopted for the development of Senso Comune (SC), an open knowledge base for the Italian language that combines lexicographic, linguistic, ontological and textual data in a web-based collaborative platform. Senso Comune aims at integrating lexicographic data from users and legacy resources with a formally characterized ontology grounded on lexical semantic structures. Senso Comune was conceived as a linguistic knowledge base rather than a dictionary. It is actually based on a conceptual apparatus that is unusual in typical linguistic resources:, each sense is mapped to ontological categories, and is associated with semantic frames. A wiki provides a collaborative platform for editing a basic lexicon of Italian with different access and annotation privileges that dynamically enables crowd-sourced annotations. Senso Comune proposes different levels of interrelated representation layers that differently exploit collaborative annotation.

Published
2013

22. Mental health outcomes of ICU and non-ICU healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study

Author

Hannah Wozniak, Lamyae Benzakour, Grégory Moullec, Niccolò Buetti, Alice Nguyen, Sandrine Corbaz, Pauline Roos, Laure Vieux, Jean-Claude Suard, Rafaël Weissbrodt, Jérôme Pugin, Jacques A. Pralong, and Sara Cereghetti

Subjects
Intensive care, Mental health, Caregivers, COVID-19, Healthcare worker, HCW, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Intensive care workers are known for their stressful work environment and for a high prevalence of mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health, well-being and changes in lifestyle among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare workers (HCW) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare these results with those of HCW in other hospital units. Another objective was to understand which associated factors aggravate their mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods This cross-sectional survey collected socio-demographic data, lifestyle changes and mental health evaluations as assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 items (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9), the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) and the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) from the 28th May to 7th July 2020. The study was carried out at Geneva University Hospitals, a group of eight public hospitals in Switzerland. ICU HCW were analyzed for mental health outcomes and lifestyles changes and then compared to non-ICU HCW. A series of linear regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with mental health scores. Results A total of 3461 HCW were included in the study, with 352 ICU HCW. Among ICU HCW, 145 (41%) showed low well-being, 162 (46%) symptoms of anxiety, 163 (46%) symptoms of depression and 76 (22%) had peritraumatic distress. The mean scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9 and WHO-5 were worse in ICU HCW than in non-ICU HCW (p

Published
2021
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23. An empirical resource for discovering cognitive principles of discourse organisation: the ANNODIS corpus

Author

Stergos Afantenos, Nicholas Asher, Farah Benamara, Myriam Bras, Cécile Fabre, Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac, Anne Le Draoulec, Philippe Muller, Marie-Paule Péry-Woodley, Laurent Prevot, Josette Rebeyrolle, Ludovic Tanguy, Marianne Vergez-Couret, Laure Vieu, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-ERSS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Evaluation and Language resources Distribution Agency (ELDA), Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale (ILC), Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Thierry Declerck, Mehmet Uğur Doğan, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis, ANR-07-CORP-0002,ANNODIS,Annotation discursive : corpus de référence pour le français et outils d'aide à l'annotation et à l'exploitation(2007), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicoletta Calzolari and Khalid Choukri and Thierry Declerck and Mehmet Uğur Doğan and Bente Maegaard and Joseph Mariani and Jan Odijk and Stelios Piperidis, Ho-Dac, Lydia-Mai, and Corpus et outils de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales - Annotation discursive : corpus de référence pour le français et outils d'aide à l'annotation et à l'exploitation - - ANNODIS2007 - ANR-07-CORP-0002 - CORP - VALID

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], discourse structure, corpus linguistics, document structure, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, corpus annotation, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; This paper describes the ANNODIS resource, a discourse-level annotated corpus for French. The corpus combines two perspectives on discourse: a bottom-up approach and a top-down approach. The bottom-up view incrementally builds a structure from elementary discourse units, while the top-down view focuses on the selective annotation of multi-level discourse structures. The corpus is composed of texts that are diversified with respect to genre, length and type of discursive organisation. The methodology followed here involves an iterative design of annotation guidelines in order to reach satisfactory inter-annotator agreement levels. This allows us to raise a few issues relevant for the comparison of such complex objects as discourse structures. The corpus also serves as a source of empirical evidence for discourse theories. We present here two first analyses taking advantage of this new annotated corpus --one that tested hypotheses on constraints governing discourse structure, and another that studied the variations in composition and signalling of multi-level discourse structures.

Published
2012

24. Developing a corpus of strategic conversation in The Settlers of Catan

Author

Stergos Afantenos, Nicholas Asher, Farah Benamara, Anaïs Cadilhac, Cédric Dégremont, Pascal Denis, Markus Guhe, Simon Keizer, Alex Lascarides, Oliver Lemon, Philippe Muller, Soumya Paul, Verena Rieser, Laure Vieu, Grélaud, Françoise, Tomuro, Noriko, Zagal, Jose, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modeling Tree Structures, Machine Learning, and Information Extraction (MOSTRARE), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), School of Informatics [Edimbourg], University of Edinburgh, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), European Research Council (ERC) grant 2694, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, game theory, [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], dialogue, corpus annotatio, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience; We describe a dialogue model and an implemented annotation scheme for a pilot corpus of annotated online chats concerning bargaining negotiations in the game The Settlers of Catan. We will use this model and data to analyze how conversations proceed in the absence of strong forms of cooperativity, where agents have diverging motives. Here we concentrate on the description of our annotation scheme for negotiation dialogues, illustrated with our pilot data, and some perspectives for future research on the issue.

Published
2012

25. Reconstruction of transmission chains of SARS-CoV-2 amidst multiple outbreaks in a geriatric acute-care hospital: a combined retrospective epidemiological and genomic study

Author

Mohamed Abbas, Anne Cori, Samuel Cordey, Florian Laubscher, Tomás Robalo Nunes, Ashleigh Myall, Julien Salamun, Philippe Huber, Dina Zekry, Virginie Prendki, Anne Iten, Laure Vieux, Valérie Sauvan, Christophe E Graf, and Stephan Harbarth

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, nosocomial outbreaks, transmission dynamics, geriatric hospitals, healthcare-associated infection, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background: There is ongoing uncertainty regarding transmission chains and the respective roles of healthcare workers (HCWs) and elderly patients in nosocomial outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in geriatric settings. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients with nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in four outbreak-affected wards, and all SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive HCWs from a Swiss university-affiliated geriatric acute-care hospital that admitted both Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 patients during the first pandemic wave in Spring 2020. We combined epidemiological and genetic sequencing data using a Bayesian modelling framework, and reconstructed transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 involving patients and HCWs, to determine who infected whom. We evaluated general transmission patterns according to case type (HCWs working in dedicated Covid-19 cohorting wards: HCWcovid; HCWs working in non-Covid-19 wards where outbreaks occurred: HCWoutbreak; patients with nosocomial Covid-19: patientnoso) by deriving the proportion of infections attributed to each case type across all posterior trees and comparing them to random expectations. Results: During the study period (1 March to 7 May 2020), we included 180 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases: 127 HCWs (91 HCWcovid, 36 HCWoutbreak) and 53 patients. The attack rates ranged from 10% to 19% for patients, and 21% for HCWs. We estimated that 16 importation events occurred with high confidence (4 patients, 12 HCWs) that jointly led to up to 41 secondary cases; in six additional cases (5 HCWs, 1 patient), importation was possible with a posterior probability between 10% and 50%. Most patient-to-patient transmission events involved patients having shared a ward (95.2%, 95% credible interval [CrI] 84.2%–100%), in contrast to those having shared a room (19.7%, 95% CrI 6.7%–33.3%). Transmission events tended to cluster by case type: patientnoso were almost twice as likely to be infected by other patientnoso than expected (observed:expected ratio 2.16, 95% CrI 1.17–4.20, p=0.006); similarly, HCWoutbreak were more than twice as likely to be infected by other HCWoutbreak than expected (2.72, 95% CrI 0.87–9.00, p=0.06). The proportion of infectors being HCWcovid was as expected as random. We found a trend towards a greater proportion of high transmitters (≥2 secondary cases) among HCWoutbreak than patientnoso in the late phases (28.6% vs. 11.8%) of the outbreak, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Most importation events were linked to HCW. Unexpectedly, transmission between HCWcovid was more limited than transmission between patients and HCWoutbreak. This finding highlights gaps in infection control and suggests the possible areas of improvements to limit the extent of nosocomial transmission. Funding: This study was supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation under the NRP78 funding scheme (Grant no. 4078P0_198363).

Published
2022
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26. ANNODIS : une approche outillée de l'annotation de structures discursives

Author

Marie-Paule Péry-Woodley, Nicholas Asher, Patrice Enjalbert, Farah Benamara, Myriam Bras, Cécile Fabre, Stéphane Ferrari, Lydia-Mai Ho-Dac, Anne Le Draoulec, Yann Mathet, Philippe Muller, Laurent Prévot, Josette Rebeyrolle, Ludovic Tanguy, Marianne Vergez-Couret, Laure Vieu, Antoine Widlöcher, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-ERSS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe de Recherche en Syntaxe et Sémantique (ERSS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Hultech - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe CODAG - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, ATALA : Association pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues, ANR-07-CORP-0002,ANNODIS,Annotation discursive : corpus de référence pour le français et outils d'aide à l'annotation et à l'exploitation(2007), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image, Automatique et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Péry-Woodley, Marie-Paule, Corpus et outils de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales - Annotation discursive : corpus de référence pour le français et outils d'aide à l'annotation et à l'exploitation - - ANNODIS2007 - ANR-07-CORP-0002 - CORP - VALID, École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, annotation tools, [INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], structures de discours, annotation de corpus, [INFO.INFO-TT] Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, discourse structures, interface d'annotation, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, corpus annotation, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL]
Abstract

The ANNODIS project has two interconnected objectives: to produce a corpus of texts annotated at discourse-level, and to develop tools for corpus annotation and exploitation. Two sets of annotations are proposed, representing two complementary perspectives on discourse organisation: a bottom-up approach starting from minimal discourse units and building complex structures via a set of discourse relations; a top-down approach envisaging the text as a whole and using pre-identified cues to detect discourse macro-structures. The construction of the corpus goes hand in hand with the development of two interfaces: the first one supports manual annotation of discourse structures, and allows different views of the texts using NLP-based pre-processing; another interface will support the exploitation of the annotations. We present the discourse models and annotation protocols, and the interface which embodies them., Le projet ANNODIS vise la construction d'un corpus de textes annotés au niveau discursif ainsi que le développement d'outils pour l'annotation et l'exploitation de corpus. Les annotations adoptent deux points de vue complémentaires : une perspective ascendante part d'unités de discours minimales pour construire des structures complexes via un jeu de relations de discours ; une perspective descendante aborde le texte dans son entier et se base sur des indices pré-identifiés pour détecter des structures discursives de haut niveau. La construction du corpus est associée à la création de deux interfaces : la première assiste l'annotation manuelle des relations et structures discursives en permettant une visualisation du marquage issu des prétraitements ; une seconde sera destinée à l'exploitation des annotations. Nous présentons les modèles et protocoles d'annotation élaborés pour mettre en œuvre, au travers de l'interface dédiée, la campagne d'annotation.

Published
2009

27. Artefacts in Formal Ontology

Author

Stefano Borgo and Laure Vieu

Subjects
Computer science, business.industry, Object language, Process ontology, Formal semantics (linguistics), Ontology (information science), computer.software_genre, Formal system, Epistemology, Formal ontology, Formal specification, Upper ontology, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Natural language processing
Abstract

This chapter illustrates ontological systems, hereafter referred to as ontologies, which satisfy the two main requirements of being formal and foundational. Ontology is formal if it is expressed in a logic language endowed with clear semantics (for instance, in model-theoretic terms as first-order predicate logic). This choice is not determined by application concerns (at least, not primarily), it emphasizes the relevance that semantic transparency has in this domain. By foundational ontologies one means those knowledge systems that focus on very general and basic concepts (like object, event, state, quality) and relations (such as constitution, participation, dependence, parthood). Often, the term formal ontology is used to cover both the requirements, thus reminding us of Husserl's distinction between formal logic and formal ontology. In this specific meaning, formal ontology is the study of the interconnections between entities, properties, parts, wholes and collectives. These are considered to be "formal" because they can be exemplified by objects in all domains of reality. To take another perspective, one can say that formal ontology is the study of formal (logical) systems which are: general, since they include the most usable and widely applicable concepts; reliable, as they are logical theories with clear semantics, a rich axiomatization and carefully analyzed formal consequences (theorems); and well organized, because they are based on philosophical principles the choice of which is explicitly motivated and remains independent from particular domains. © 2009 Copyright © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2009

28. Subordinating and Coordinating Discourse Relations

Author

Laure Vieu, Nicholas Asher, and Grélaud, Françoise

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Linguistics and Language, [INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], Sociology, Semantics, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics
Abstract

Introduction : Most discourse analysists assume that a discourse has a hierarchical structure (to name a few: Hobbs (1985), Polanyi (1988), Grosz&Sidner(1986), Mann&Thomson (1987), Asher(1993), van Kuppevelt (1995). One motivation for this is intuitive: some parts of a text play a subordinate role relative to other parts; to give a simple, grade school example, the lead sentence of a paragraph gives that paragraph’s main idea, while the other sentences in the paragraph should elaborate or support that idea with arguments. Other motivations for a hierarchical structure come from the way authors have used discourse structure to constrain anaphora resolution, the process by which a pronoun comes to have its referent.

Published
2005

29. Locating adverbials in discourse

Author

Myriam Bras, Nicholas Asher, Michel Aurnague, Laure Vieu, MEthodes et ingénierie des Langues, des Ontologies et du DIscours (IRIT-MELODI), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe de Recherche en Syntaxe et Sémantique (ERSS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Centre de recherche sur la langue et les textes basques (IKER), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
060201 languages & linguistics, Linguistics and Language, Discourse representation theory, History, SDRT, 05 social sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, contribution to discourse structure, 16. Peace & justice, Discourse connectives, 050105 experimental psychology, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics, French locating adverbials, 0602 languages and literature, Frame (artificial intelligence), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, IP-adjunct position, Sentence
Abstract

This article analyses Locating Adverbials (LAs) such as un peu plus tard, ce matin, deux kilomètres plus loin (‘a little later’, ‘this morning’, ‘two kilometers further’) when they are dislocated to the left of the sentence (IP Adjuncts cases). Although not discourse connectives, in such a position, they seem to play an important part in structuring discourse. It is this contribution of LAs to discourse that we tackle, providing a descriptive analysis and a formal account grounded on Segmented Discourse Representation Theory. In particular, we deal with the frame introducer role of the LAs and with spatio-temporal interpretations of these markers occurring in trajectory descriptions.

Published
2005

30. Temporal information and discourse relations in narratives

Author

Myriam Bras, Laure Vieu, and Anne Le Draoulec

Subjects
Discourse relation, Discourse representation theory, Discourse structure, Temporal succession, Narrative, Affect (linguistics), Temporal information, Linguistics, Mathematics
Abstract

This paper deals with the way temporal connectives affect Temporal Structure as well as Discourse Structure in Narratives. It presents a contrastive study of French connectives puis (then, afterwards) and un peu plus tard (a bit later) within the framework of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory. It shows that puis is a marker of the Narration discourse relation, whereas un peu plus tard blocks Narration and licenses only a weaker discourse relation, that can be considered as a "weak Narration" involving only temporal succession. In addition, puis blocks Result, while un peu plus tard does not.

Published
2001

31. Modeling parts and wholes

Author

Nicola Guarino, Laure Vieu, and Simone Pribbenow

Subjects
Cognitive science, Information Systems and Management, Computer science
Published
1996

32. Pore-Scale Monitoring of the Effect of Microarchitecture on Fungal Growth in a Two-Dimensional Soil-Like Micromodel

Author

Raghad Soufan, Yolaine Delaunay, Laure Vieublé Gonod, Leslie M. Shor, Patricia Garnier, Wilfred Otten, and Philippe C. Baveye

Subjects
hyphae, spread, microfluidics, fungal highway, microscale, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In spite of the very significant role that fungi are called to play in agricultural production and climate change over the next two decades, very little is known at this point about the parameters that control the spread of fungal hyphae in the pore space of soils. Monitoring of this process in 3 dimensions is not technically feasible at the moment. The use of transparent micromodels simulating the internal geometry of real soils affords an opportunity to approach the problem in 2 dimensions, provided it is confirmed that fungi would actually want to propagate in such artificial systems. In this context, the key objectives of the research described in this article are to ascertain, first, that the fungus Rhizoctonia solani can indeed grow in a micromodel of a sandy loam soil, and, second, to identify and analyze in detail the pattern by which it spreads in the tortuous pores of the micromodel. Experimental observations show that hyphae penetrate easily inside the micromodel, where they bend frequently to adapt to the confinement to which they are subjected, and branch at irregular intervals, unlike in current computer models of the growth of hyphae, which tend to describe them as series of straight tubular segments. A portion of the time, hyphae in the micromodels also exhibit thigmotropism, i.e., tend to follow solid surfaces closely. Sub-apical branching, which in unconfined situations seems to be controlled by the fungus, appears to be closely connected with the bending of the hyphae, resulting from their interactions with surfaces. These different observations not only indicate different directions to follow to modify current mesoscopic models of fungal growth, so they can apply to soils, but they also suggest a wealth of further experiments using the same set-up, involving for example competing fungal hyphae, or the coexistence of fungi and bacteria in the same pore space.

Published
2018
Full Text
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33. A three-level approach to the semantics of space

Author

Michel Aurnague and Laure Vieu

Subjects
060201 languages & linguistics, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0602 languages and literature, 06 humanities and the arts, 0305 other medical science

34. The Prepositions 'par' and 'à travers' and the Categorization of Spatial Entities in French

Author

Dejan Stosic, Stosic, Dejan, Michel Aurnague, Maya Hickmann, Laure Vieu, Grammatica - Centre de recherches en linguistique française (GRAMMATICA), Université d'Artois (UA), Cognitique (COG135), French Ministry of Research, Michel Aurnague, Maya Hickmann, and Laure Vieu

Subjects
motion, noun, à travers, space, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, prepositions, categorization, semantics, par, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics
Abstract

This paper shows how the semantic study of dynamic spatial prepositions par and à travers in French can contribute to the categorization of spatial entities in language and cognition. The analysis of various constraints involved by par and à travers on the nature of locating entities has allowed us to refine the existing "static" ontology of spatial entities (cf. Borillo 1988, 1999; Aurnague 1991, 1996, 2004; Vieu 1991; Vandeloise 1988) by introducing the sub-category of "roads" in the category of "locations" and the sub-category of "pipes" in the category of "objects". Our results suggest both the validity of the "static" ontology for "dynamic" space and the need to study dynamic spatial morphemes when classifying spatial entities in language and cognition.

35. Analyse de relations de discours causales en corpus : étude empirique et caractérisation théorique

Author

Atallah, Caroline, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-ERSS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse II, Myriam Bras, Laure Vieu, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cognition, langues, langage, ergonomie (Toulouse), Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, Atallah, Caroline, and STAR, ABES

Subjects
causality, causalité, linguistique de corpus, corpus linguistics, analyse du discours, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, discourse analysis, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics
Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to study the linguistic realizations of causal relations, according to a semantic and pragmatic approach of discourse structure. Even though causality is a central phenomenon in most theoretical frameworks on discourse, to date there is no consensus on the relations associated to it. Confronting the hypotheses put forward in the literature with our own observations on the basis of attested data, we offer to enrich a specific discourse theoretical model, i.e. SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Therefore, this study stands at the interface between corpus linguistics and theoretical linguistics. The analyses we carried out are based on the EXPLICADIS corpus, which is a written French corpus built specifically to meet the objective. Annotating this corpus with causal discourse relations allowed us to analyze these using an original approach which consists in starting from the relation itself rather than its markers. This approach provided us with the opportunity to offer a unified vision of causality by characterizing the different discourse causal relations in the framework of SDRT. It also provided us with the opportunity to conduct quantitative and comparative corpus studies. Our work also includes an overview of the different means of expression of causality that are documented in written French., Dans cette thèse, nous nous interrogeons sur les réalisations linguistiques des relations causales selon une approche sémantique et pragmatique du discours. Bien que la causalité occupe une place centrale dans les théories du discours, il n’existe pas de consensus quant aux relations qui lui sont associées. Confrontant les propositions faites dans la littérature avec nos observations sur des données attestées, nous proposons de contribuer à l’enrichissement d’une théorie du discours spécifique : la SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Cette thèse se situe donc à l’interface entre linguistique de corpus et linguistique théorique. Les analyses qui y sont menées s’appuient sur le corpus EXPLICADIS, corpus de français écrit constitué spécifiquement pour répondre à l’objectif visé. L’annotation de ce corpus en relations de discours causales nous a ainsi autorisée à procéder à l’analyse de ces relations selon une approche originale qui consiste à prendre pour point de départ la relation elle-même et non ses marqueurs. Cette approche nous a permis d’offrir une vision unificatrice de la causalité en caractérisant les relations de discours qui lui sont liées dans le cadre théorique de la SDRT. Elle nous a également permis de mener des études quantitatives et comparatives sur corpus. Notre travail dresse, en outre, un panorama des moyens d’expression de la causalité observés à l’écrit en français.

Published
2014

36. The Expression of Semantic Components and the Nature of Ground Entity in Orientation Motion Verbs: a Cross-Linguistic Account based on French and Korean

Author

Injoo Choi-Jonin, Laure Sarda, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-ERSS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Langues, textes, traitement informatique, cognition (LaTTice), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Michel Aurnague, Maya Hickmann and Laure Vieu, Sarda, Laure, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
spatial entities, French-Korean comparison, motion verbs, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, [SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, object marking
Abstract

In this chapter, we describe six orientation motion verbs in French and Korean, which express a deictic motion and/or frontal or vertical orientation. This comparative study strengthens the view that the nature of entities such as ‘location' and ‘object' plays an important role in object selection in both languages. We also propose to refine the semantic components of motion put forward by Talmy (1985, 2000). Based on a detailed description of each type of orientation motion verb, we show that both lexical selection and grammatical object marking depend largely upon the composition of orientation verbs, which include deictic motion verbs in Korean, but not in French.

Published
2007

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