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Background Colorectal cancer defined as cancer of the colon or rectum, is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women, and, according to the World Health Organization database GLOBOCAN, it accounts for nearly 1.4 million new cases annually worldwide. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is associated with nonmodifiable risk factors, including age and hereditary factors, as well as with modifiable environmental and lifestyle factors. Methods The study included 800 patients, 400 diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 400 within the control group, who gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. Patients with cancer other than colorectal cancer were randomly selected for control group I, and patients with no cancer diagnosis were selected for control group II. The method used was a case-control study – an observational and analytical study with a control group, conducted among patients of the Clinical Oncology Centre and the Provincial Hospital in the years 2019–2020. The study comparing the exposure was carried out in a group of people who developed the endpoint, that is colorectal cancer, with the exposure in a well-matched group of controls who did not reach the endpoint. Assessment of activity and BMI was used according to WHO recommendations, as well as the expert system. The data were tested for the distribution and the homogeneity of variance was validated before applying the parameter tests. Comparison of quantitative variables between groups was performed using ANOVA. Results The mean age of the patients was 64.53 ± 8.86 years, of the control group I – 59.64 ± 9.33 and the control group II – 57.5 (7.83). There was a strong positive association between the incidence of ulcerative colitis and the risk of colorectal cancer ( P < .01). Among obese subjects, the risk of developing colorectal cancer was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.06–1.53) compared with nonobese subjects. A strong positive relationship was found between low physical activity converted to metabolic equivalent of MET effort per week and the risk of colorectal cancer ( P < .001). The relative risk for current smokers was 2.17 (95% CI 1.79–2.66). There was an association between higher fat consumption and higher red meat consumption and the risk of developing colorectal cancer ( P < .01). Conclusions Obesity, low physical activity, active and passive smoking and high salt and red meat consumption have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings provide further evidence of the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ccx-10.1177_10732748211056692 for Title: Risk Factors for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer by Anna Lewandowska, Grzegorz Rudzki, Tomasz Lewandowski, Aleksandra Stryjkowska-G��ra and S��awomir Rudzki in Cancer Control

Introduction.Cultural and creative industries play an essential role in the modern economy. That is why the question of socio-cultural sphere management has become very significant. Due to the manager's involvement in this process, whose activity content is in managing and expanding cultural values and cultural product production, there is a necessity for innovative methods identification in socio-cultural activity managers' professional training.Purpose and methods.In the research process, general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, systematization, and generalization of theoretical principles have been used, as well as specific scientific methods of terminological analysis, retrospective, biographical, comparison, concretization and classification, and empirical methods of discussion and pedagogical observation.Results.The importance of situational tasks as a dominant organizational form of socio-cultural activity managers' training has been clarified. Topics of situational tasks have been developed, which have been formed in the blocks. Situational tasks types have been characterized: “on the mobile decision”, “on decision choice”, “on data analysis”, “example tasks”, “on justification”, “on abilities and skills formation”, “on argumentative decision”, “on decision taken analysis”, “on information search”, “on complication”, “on algorithm production” and “on foresight”. The structure and content of the situational task have been analyzed and recommended professional situations in management have been presented.Conclusions.The scientific novelty of obtained results is in the theoretical support of the situational tasks usage necessity as an organizational form of problematic education in the training of managers, and practical value is in their competitiveness advancing.

Lewandowska Anna, RatuszekSadowska Dorota, Kuczma Monika, Kuczma Waldemar, Kurczewski Mikołaj, Hagner Wojciech. Physiotherapy treatment of patients with perinatal brachial plexus injury. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1182-1190 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1422433 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6037 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/878331 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 20.09.2018. Physiotherapy treatment of patients with perinatal brachial plexus injury Postępowanie fizjoterapeutyczne u pacjentów z okołoporodowym uszkodzeniem splotu barkowego Anna Lewandowska1, Dorota Ratuszek-Sadowska1, Monika Kuczma2, Waldemar Kuczma3, Mikołaj Kurczewski4, Wojciech Hagner1 1Chair and Rehabilitation Clinic, Collegium Medicum Ludwika Rydygiera in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2Faculty of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, College of Management in Gdańsk 3Institute of Physical Culture and Health, State Higher Vocational School in Koszalin 4Chair and Department of the Basics of Physical Culture, Collegium Medicum Ludwika Rydygiera in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Streszczenie Okołoporodowe uszkodzenia splotu ramiennego są zazwyczaj konsekwencją dystocji barkowej podczas porodu, kiedy po urodzeniu główki występują trudności przy rodzeniu barków. W tej sytuacji dochodzi do zatrzymania akcji porodowej, a barki płodu nie rodzą się samoistnie. Rozwój medycyny zapewnia dostęp pacjentom do wielu metody leczenia tego urazu. Potrzebny jest interdyscyplinarny zespół specjalistów aby minimalizować negatywne skutki uszkodzenia, które są odczuwalne dla pacjenta, niekiedy przez całe życie. Wiedza na temat fizjoterapii w okołoporodowym uszkodzeniu splotu barkowego ma duże znaczenie dla przyszłości dziecka, które doznało okołoporodowego urazu splotu barkowego. W związku z tym ten temat powinien być wciąż rozwijany i na nowo badany tak, aby w przyszłości można było zapewnić pacjentom wielospecjalistyczna opiekę. Słowa kluczowe: splot barkowy, okołoporodowe uszkodzenia splotu ramiennego, postępowanie, rehabilitacja Abstract Perinatal brachial plexus injury are usually a consequence of shoulder dystocia during childbirth, after the birth of the head there are difficulties with the birth of the shoulders. In this situation, childbirth is stopped and the shoulders of the fetus are not born spontaneously. The development of medicine provides patients with access to many methods of treating this injury. An interdisciplinary team of specialists is needed to minimize the negative effects of damage that are perceived by the patient, sometimes throughout life. Knowledge about physiotherapy in perinatal damage of the shoulder plexus is of great importance for the future of a child who suffered perinatal trauma to the shoulder plexus. Therefore, this topic should be constantly developed and re-examined so that in the future we can provide patients with multi-specialist care. Key words: brachial plexus, perinatal brachial plexus injury, treatment, rehabilitation &nbsp