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The interfacial effect is important for anodes of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to achieve superior lithium-ion storage performance. In this paper, a MoS2/FeS2 heterojunction is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction to construct the interface effect, and the heterostructure introduces an inherent electric field that accelerates the de-embedding process of lithium ions, improves the electron transfer capability, and effectively mitigates volume expansion. XPS analysis confirms evident chemical interaction between MoS2 and FeS2 via an interfacial covalent bond (Mo–S–Fe). This MoS2/FeS2 anode shows a distinct interfacial effect for efficient interatomic electron migration. The electrochemical performance demonstrated that the discharge capacity can reach up to 1217.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 72.9%. After 2000 cycles, the capacity retention is about 61.6% at 1.0 A g−1, and the discharge capacity can still reach 638.9 mA h g−1. Electrochemical kinetic analysis indicated an enhanced pseudocapacitance contribution and that the MoS2/FeS2 had sufficient adsorption of lithium ions. This paper therefore argues that this interfacial engineering is an effective solution for designing sulfide-based anodes with good electrochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrogen bond donor (HBD) functionalized poly(ionic liquids) were incorporated into MIL-101 framework through the encapsulation of monomers then copolymerization methods. • HBD functionalized PIL@MIL-101 exhibited excellent affinity to CO 2 , benefitted from the high BET surface area and porous structure of MIL-101 together with the incorporated poly(ionic liquid). • Due to the synergistic effects of multiple functional groups of Lewis acidic Cr sites, HBD groups and nucleophilic Br-, the HBD functionalized PIL@MIL-101 showed efficient catalytic performance for the CO 2 -epichlorohydrin cycloaddition under cocatalyst-free, solventless and mild (70 °C, 1.0 MPa, 2.5 h) reaction conditions. • HBD functionalized PIL@MIL-101 composite showed facile synthesis, easy separation, thermal and recycling stabilities for material candidate in CO 2 capture and conversion. Hydrogen bond donor functionalized poly(ionic liquids) were incorporated into MIL-101 framework for synthesis of composites PIL-R@MIL-101 (R = COOH, OH, NH 2). The effect of different hydrogen bond donors on CO 2 -epoxide cycloaddition reaction was discussed through XPS, NH 3 -TPD characterizations. Thereinto, PIL-COOH@MIL-101 showed efficient catalytic performance in the cycloaddition reaction of CO 2 and epichlorohydrin, 92.7% substrate conversion was obtained under 70 °C, 1.0 MPa, cocatalyst- and solvent-free conditions for 2.5 h. The improved activity was benefited from the synergistic effects of Lewis acidic Cr centers, carboxyl group, and nucleophilic Br-, together with the high surface area (1178 m2/g), and good CO 2 affinity. In addition, PIL-COOH@MIL-101 also showed facile recovery method by easy centrifugation and good recycling stability. Considering the good CO 2 affinity, excellent catalytic performance in CO 2 cycloaddition reaction, better thermal and recycling stabilities, the facilely prepared functionalized poly(ionic liquid)@MIL-101 composite would exhibit promising application prospect in CO 2 capture and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational designed cost-effective material is significant in the field of electric energy storage and microwave absorber. In this work, carbon coated Fe 3 C nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated carbon nanotubes (Fe 3 C@C@CNTs) is delicately constructed through in-situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy. As a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the Fe 3 C@C@CNTs nanocomposite facilitates electron transport with intensive interfacial interaction, making it an ideal prototype to thoroughly understand the mechanisms of interatomic charge transfer mechanism. As a result, this well-designed Fe 3 C@C@CNTs anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1027 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with 71 % capacity retention at 519 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Electrochemical kinetic results confirm that the pseudocapacitance contributions reach up to 90.1 % at 1.0 mV s−1, and the higher pseudocapacitance characteristic is ascribed to the multi-dimensional encapsulated by CNT layer and carbon layer. Meanwhile, depending on the peculiar cavity structure and heterogeneous interfaces effects constructed by multi-dimensional encapsulated structure, the minimum reflection loss (RL min) of Fe 3 C@C@CNTs nanocomposite can reach up to −67.63 dB in effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.12 GHz with the optimal matching thickness of 2.28 mm, suggesting its extensive potential application as practical alternative absorber. This domain-limited growth strategy opens a new horizon to achieve multi-functional application and beyond for Fe-based nanomaterial. [Display omitted] • Fe 3 C@C@CNTs is prepared by in-situ chemical vapor deposition method. • The multi-dimensional encapsulated structure can maintain electrochemical activity and increase electronic transmission path. • The heterogeneous interfaces can provide abundant active sites for lithium-ion storage and induce significant interfacial polarization for electromagnetic wave attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wireless sensor clouds (IWSCs) are indispensable in industrial applications and can operate in tough industrial environments by using industrial wireless sensor nodes to perceive and control devices. Because wireless sensor nodes are often deployed in unattended, remote-controlled environments, attackers may impersonate legal nodes to change device parameters. Such unexpected events could lead to disastrous consequences. It is difficult for an intrusion detection system to detect such attacks. Therefore, an authentication scheme becomes one of an effective approaches to ensuring security. However, authentication schemes for industrial wireless sensor clouds have not yet been adequately studied. The current approach is only applicable to an authentication scheme based on the shared secret key of the wireless sensor cloud and cannot be applied to a dynamic multiple-keys authentication scheme. Based on this scheme, this paper studies a game-based dynamic multiple-keys authentication scheme. Based on the probability of interception of the key and the leak probability of devices’s operating authorization, the paper sets up an authentication framework for a dynamic multiple-keys game. It also derives the optimal strategy which game players can use to maximize security utility and analyze the evolution process of the trust in the dynamic multiple-keys game. The experimental results show that this approach can successfully improve the security of IWSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruthenium phosphides are promising candidates to substitute platinum (Pt) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but further boosting their activity is a tremendous challenge. Herein, crystalline/amorphous Ru@RuP core-shell nanoparticle supported on carbon nanotube (Ru@RuP-CNT) was synthesized by controllable surface phosphatization procedure. The resulted Ru@RuP-CNT outperforms its Ru-based rivals and Pt/C catalyst in HER, exhibiting a tiny overpotential of 28 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and marvelous mass activity of 3.24 A mg−1 at 50 mV overpotential in alkaline solution. Further investigations show that electronic interaction between metallic Ru core and amorphous RuP shell tunes the absorption strength of hydrogen to boost the HER activity. This work exemplifies an effective strategy to enhance the electrocatalytic performance via interfacial electronic interaction and may shed light on crystalline/amorphous heterostructured catalysts. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of the heterogeneous interfaces enables precise adjustment of the electronic structure and optimization of the kinetics for electron/ion migration in energy storage materials. In this work, the built-in electric field is introduced to the iron-based anode material (Fe2O3@TiO2) through the well-designed heterostructure. This model serves as an ideal platform for comprehending the atomic-level optimization of electron transfer in advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As a result, the core-shell Fe2O3@TiO2 delivers a remarkable discharge capacity of 1342 mAh g−1 and an extraordinary capacity retention of 82.7% at 0.1 A g−1 after 300 cycles. Fe2O3@TiO2 shows an excellent rate performance from 0.1 A g−1 to 4.0 A g−1. Further, the discharge capacity of Fe2O3@TiO2 reached 736 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 2000 cycles, and the corresponding capacity retention is 83.62%. The heterostructure forms a conventional p-n junction, successfully constructing the built-in electric field and lithium-ion reservoir. The kinetic analysis demonstrates that Fe2O3@TiO2 displays high pseudocapacitance behavior (77.8%) and fast lithium-ion reaction kinetics. The capability of heterointerface engineering to optimize electrochemical reaction kinetics offers novel insights for constructing high-performance iron-based anodes for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Metal free conversion of aryl C:glyph name="sbnd" />C bond through a photochemical rearrangement/oxidation cascade reaction is described. Irradiation of O-acetyl aryloxy benzene derivatives in benzene solution undergoes a unique photochemical rearrangement reaction to afford the ketal compounds, which are sequentially oxidized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) to yield the diketone compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The field of network security is highly concerned with intrusion detection, which safeguards the security of computer networks. The invention and application of intrusion detection technology play indispensable roles in network security, and it is crucial to investigate and comprehend this topic. Recently, with the continuous occurrence of intrusion incidents in virus propagation networks, traditional network detection algorithms for virus propagation have encountered limitations and have struggled to detect these incidents effectively and accurately. Therefore, updating the intrusion detection algorithm of the virus-spreading network is imperative. This paper introduces a novel system for virus propagation, whose core is a graph-based neural network. By organically combining two modules—a standardization module and a computation module—this system forms a powerful GNN model. The standardization module uses two methods, while the calculation module uses three methods. Through permutation and combination, we obtain six GNN models with different characteristics. To verify their performance, we conducted experiments on the selected datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent capabilities, high accuracy, reasonable complexity, and excellent stability in the intrusion detection of virus-spreading networks, making the network more secure and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inert structure and high molding temperature of thermoplastic resin bring new challenges to carbon fiber (CF) sizing agents. Herein, an easily purified semi-aliphatic polyimide (SA-PI) was synthesized as CF sizing agent. The SA-PI has no significant decomposition before 300 °C and a 5% decomposition temperature of 442 °C. Based on the solubility of its polyamic acid ammonium salt, the SA-PI is configured as an aqueous solution for CF sizing. The results show the surface of sized carbon fiber (SCF) is covered with a sizing coating. At the same time, the polar group of the sizing coating increases the surface energy by 28.45%. Compared with bare CF, the tensile strength of SCF is increased by 11.43%, the ILSS and flexural strength of SCF/PEEK increased from 55.71 MPa and 485.34 MPa to68.98 MPa and 523.33 MPa, respectively. In addition, the micro-morphology at the fracture of the composite clearly proves that the sizing agent improves the interface performance of the composites effectively. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decomposition of copper(I)–NHC and silver-NHC complexes in solution under air was studied. The Cu(I)–NHCs were oxidized into urea derivatives and hydrolysed into imidazoliums or benzimidazoliums. The decomposition of Ag–NHC with a saturated backbone led to ring-opening product, while the Ag–NHC with an unsaturated backbone led to imidazolium and Ag-bisNHC complex. The effects of steric property, hydrophilicity, and binding energy of NHC to O 2 and H 2 O on the decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC were studied using theoretical calculations. Steric hindrance played an important role on the stability of Cu(I)–NHC. Pathways for the decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC and Ag–NHC were proposed. To create your abstract, type over the instructions in the template box below. Fonts or abstract dimensions should not be changed or altered. Image 1 • Decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC and Ag–NHC under air was studied.. • Decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC led to urea and hydrolysis products.. • Theoretical calculations were used to study the decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC.. • Decomposition of Ag–NHC led to ring-opening product or regenerated NHC precursor.. • This article provides a method to study the decomposition of metal-NHC under air.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexes of B3O3H3 with acetylene and its substituted derivatives C2HX (X=H, F, Cl, Br, CH3, NH2) are explored by theoretical calculations using MP2 and M06-2X methods with aug-cc-pVDZ as the basis set. The different molecular electrostatic potential features of B3O3H3 with benzene (C6H6) and borazine (B3N3H6) result in different stable structures of the complexes with C2HX. The geometric analysis indicates that the global minimum is the parallel stacked (PS) structure with the linear C–C triple bond lies on the top of B3O3H3, and this is much different from that of the B3N3H6...C2HX complex, in which the C–H bond directs towards the B3N3H6 ring (T-shaped). The H-bonded structure where the C–H interacts with the O atom of B3O3H3 is found to be a local minimum. Besides, there is an additional X...O halogen-bonded structures for the B3O3H3...C2HX (X=Cl, Br) complexes. As for the PS geometry, when one H atom in C2H2 is replaced by different X groups, the binding energies of the complexes increases in the order of F

Purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with worse cognitive functioning. We aim to examine the association between baseline cognitive functioning and the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores and to highlight the predictors of the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores in MDD with first-episode, drug-naïve (FED) patients. Patients and Methods: Ninety FED patients were recruited consecutively and evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA-14), the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) at baseline and again at week 8. Results: Eighty-four FED patients completed the study. Comparison showed that response group had significantly higher T scores in TMT-A, BACS-SC, WMS-III, BVMT-R, MSCEI and CPT-IP, but showed significantly lower scores in FAST total scores including autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, interpersonal relationship than non- response group (all p's< 0.05). Partial correlation analysis also found that the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores could be negatively associated with autonomy, cognitive functioning and interpersonal relationship domains as well as total FAST scores, also was further positively associated with T-scores of BACS-SC, CPT-IP and MSCEI in MCCB, even when accounting for potential confounders. Furthermore, the levels of cognitive function domain, autonomy domain in FAST, and BACS-SC, CPT-IP in MCCB may predict the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores in FED patients (all p's< 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings underscore significant correlations between baseline functioning and the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores in FED patients. Moreover, better baseline cognitive function, autonomy, speed of processing and attention/vigilance are more likely to predict patients' response to antidepressant treatment, indicating pre-treatment better cognitive functioning may be predictors to treatment response in FED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation is essential for maintaining food production in water-scarce regions. However, unnecessary water usage should be avoided. The irrigation need depends on the water content in the soil, which can be measured by the Cosmic-ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) technique. It is promising for irrigation management as the measurement footprint is representative for the root-zone at the scale of tens of hectares. The potential of the CRNS technique for drip irrigation scheduling is explored in this work for the drip irrigated Picassent site near Valencia, Spain. To support the experimental evidence, the neutron transport simulation URANOS was used to mimic the Picassent site and to simulate the effect of drip irrigation on the epithermal neutron counts.The experimental dataset showed methodological limitations to detect drip water input with CRNS, although the overall soil water content in the CRNS footprint has been well characterized within a root mean square error less than 0.03 cm3/cm3. Furthermore, we found that the CRNS performance to sense soil water content in the overall footprint varied significantly along the study period. Both, the experimental data and the simulation results suggest that the large-area neutron response to drip irrigation is dominated by statistical noise in our specific case. The performance is mainly limited by the following conditions:1. The irrigated area is only 8 % of the total area. Since CRNS has an area-averaging footprint, irrigation of larger areas would be much better visible for CRNS. 2. Changes of water content due to irrigation are small (5 %) under rather wet conditions (35% soil moisture). Neutrons are much more sensitive to changes of water content at the lower end of the soil moisture spectrum. 3. The irrigation period is only a few hours. The employed CRNS detector can resolve small changes of water content only with integration period of 12 hours.We conclude that CRNS was not able to detect irrigation in our specific case. But the method might be capable of detecting drip irrigation in larger irrigated areas, in drier regions, and for longer and more intense irrigation periods. Since statistical noise is the main limitation of the CRNS measurement, the capability of the instrument could be improved in future studies by larger and more efficient neutron detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE (EIL) family is one of the most important transcription factor (TF) families in plants and is involved in diverse plant physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, ten EIL transcription factors (CsEILs) in sweet orange were systematically characterized via whole-genome analysis. The CsEIL genes were unevenly distributed across the four sweet orange chromosomes. Putative cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) associated with CsEIL were found to be involved in plant development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Notably, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that CsEIL genes were widely expressed in different organs of sweet orange and responded to both high and low temperature, NaCl treatment, and to ethylene-dependent induction of transcription, while eight additionally responded to Xanthomonas citri pv. Citri (Xcc) infection, which causes citrus canker. Among these, CsEIL2, CsEIL5 and CsEIL10 showed pronounced upregulation. Moreover, nine genes exhibited differential expression in response to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) infection, which causes Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). The genome-wide characterization and expression profile analysis of CsEIL genes provide insights into the potential functions of the CsEIL family in disease resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organic acids and anthocyanins are the most important compounds for the flavor and nutritional quality of citrus fruit. However, there are few reports on the involvement of co-regulation of citrate and anthocyanin metabolism. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the genes and pathways involved in both citrate and anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest citrus fruit with 'Tarocco' blood orange (TBO; high accumulation) and 'Bingtangcheng' sweet orange (BTSO; low accumulation). Results: A robust core set of 825 DEGs were found to be temporally associated with citrate and anthocyanin accumulation throughout the storage period through transcriptome analysis. Further according to the results of weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the turquoise and brown module was highly positively correlated with both of the content of citrate and anthocyanin, and p-type ATPase (PH8), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PEPCK), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were considered key structural genes. Moreover, MYB family transcription factor (PH4), Zinc finger PHD-type transcription factor (CHR4, HAC12), Zinc finger SWIM-type transcription factor (FAR1) and Zinc finger C3H1-type transcription factor (ATC3H64) were considered hub genes related to these structural genes. Further qRT-PCR analysis verified that these transcription factors were highly expressed in TBO fruit and their expression profiles were significantly positively correlated with the structural genes of citrate and anthocyanin metabolism as well as the content of citrate and anthocyanin content. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the CHR4, FAR1, ATC3H64 and HAC12 may be the new transcription regulators participate in controlling the level of citrate and anthocyanin in postharvest TBO fruit in addition to PH4. These results may providing new insight into the regulation mechanism of citrate and anthocyanin accumulation in citrus fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic reprogramming, such as alterations in glutamine metabolism or glycolysis, is the hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely elucidated. Previous studies have identified that methyltransferase SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2(SMYD2) is responsible for the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancer. Here, we innovatively uncover how SMYD2 regulates glutamine metabolism in HCC cells and promotes HCC progression. We identified that SMYD2 expression is upregulated in HCC tissues, which correlates with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that the depletion of SMYD2 inhibits HCC cell growth. Mechanistically, c-Myc methylation by SMYD2 increases its protein stability through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. We showed SMYD2 depletion destabilized c-Myc protein by increasing the conjugated K48-linked polyubiquitin chain. SMYD2 increased c-Myc expression and further upregulated glutaminase1 (GLS1), a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid, in HCC cells. GLS1 plays an important role in SMYD2-mediated HCC progression and glutamine metabolism regulation. The knockdown of SMYD2 inhibited glutamine metabolism in HCC cells and overcame their chemoresistance to sorafenib. Collectively, our findings demonstrated a novel mechanism of how SMYD2 promotes HCC progression by regulating glutamine metabolism through the c-Myc/GLS1signaling, implicating the therapeutic potential of targeting SMYD2 in HCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planar microstrip line slow wave structures (PML-SWSs) have great prospects in the millimeter and terahertz wave fields. However, the development of the devices employing PML-SWSs is severely limited due to the focusing difficulties. Compared with the conventional sheet electron beam (SEB) SWS, the asymmetric boundary condition of PML-SWS and high local electric field further increase the instabilities of the SEB transport in PML-SWS. A new approach, named the uniform magnetic focusing system with the matching electric field (UMFS-MEF), is presented in this article, which can effectively solve these issues. The simulation results illustrate that the expansion rate of the SEB in UMFS-MEF is significantly lower than that in the conventional uniform magnetic focusing system (CUMFS) with the same magnetic field strength ${B}_{z}$. Moreover, the present calculation results show that the UMFS-MEF requires only 10.6% of the magnetic field strength of CUMFS for maintaining the same expansion rate. This means that the UMFS-MEF can effectively suppress the instabilities, and employ a very low magnetic field to maintain the stabilities of the SEB transport. Finally, we give several other schemes to realize the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we identified and compared nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain-containing genes from three Citrus genomes (C. clementina, C. sinensis from USA and C. sinensis from China). Phylogenetic analysis of all Citrus NBS genes across these three genomes revealed that there are three approximately evenly numbered groups: one group contains the Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain and two different Non-TIR groups in which most of proteins contain the Coiled Coil (CC) domain. Motif analysis confirmed that the two groups of CC-containing NBS genes are from different evolutionary origins. We partitioned NBS genes into clades using NBS domain sequence distances and found most clades include NBS genes from all three Citrus genomes. This suggests that three Citrus genomes have similar numbers and types of NBS genes. We also mapped the re-sequenced reads of three pomelo and three mandarin genomes onto the C. sinensis genome. We found that most NBS genes of the hybrid C. sinensis genome have corresponding homologous genes in both pomelo and mandarin genomes. The homologous NBS genes in pomelo and mandarin suggest that the parental species of C. sinensis may contain similar types of NBS genes. This explains why the hybrid C. sinensis and original C. clementina have similar types of NBS genes in this study. Furthermore, we found that sequence variation amongst Citrus NBS genes were shaped by multiple independent and shared accelerated mutation accumulation events among different groups of NBS genes and in different Citrus genomes. Our comparative analyses yield valuable insight into the structure, organization and evolution of NBS genes in Citrus genomes. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis showed that the non-TIR NBS genes can be divided into two groups that come from different evolutionary origins. This provides new insights into non-TIR genes, which have not received much attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glacier centerlines are crucial input for many glaciological applications. From the morphological perspective, we proposed a new automatic method to derive glacier centerlines, which is based on the Euclidean allocation and the terrain characteristics of glacier surface. In the algorithm, all glaciers are logically classified as three types including simple glacier, simple compound glacier, and complex glacier, with corresponding process ranges from simple to complex. The process for extracting centerlines of glaciers introduces auxiliary reference lines and follows the setting of not passing through bare rock. The program of automatic extraction of glacier centerlines was implemented in Python and only required the glacier boundary and digital elevation model (DEM) as input. Application of this method to 48 571 glaciers in the second Chinese glacier inventory automatically yielded the corresponding glacier centerlines with an average computing time of 20.96 s, a success rate of 100 % and a comprehensive accuracy of 94.34 %. A comparison of the longest length of glaciers to the corresponding glaciers in the Randolph Glacier Inventory v6.0 revealed that our results were superior. Meanwhile, our final product provides more information about glacier length, such as the average length, and the longest length, the lengths in the accumulation and ablation regions of each glacier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The $W$ -band flat-roofed sine waveguide (SWG) slow wave circuit was designed and processed in this article. Considering the limitations on present practical fabrication level, sensitivity analysis was performed on the potential influencing factors for the performance of the flat-roofed SWG slow wave structure (SWS). As indicated by the calculation results, the gap between the SWSs and the side-wall strips could have a significant impact on the dispersion, interaction impedance, and the transmission of the entire slow wave circuit. Based on the theoretical analysis, two types of $W$ -band flat-roofed SWG slow wave circuits were fabricated and tested. The side-wall strips of the two circuits are processed with/without rounded corner. The circuit without rounded corner may cause a large gap and severe reflection. In comparison, the other one with rounded corners can make the parts fit tighter, thus minimizing the potential gap. The test results demonstrate that the $W$ -band flat-roofed SWG traveling-wave tube (TWT) possesses a voltage standing wave ratio less than 1.8, which is basically consistent with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FeCoNiCrMo HEA plate was prepared for efficient OER in alkaline media. • High-valence Mo/Cr cause dynamic structural/compositional evolution during OER. • Mo is rapidly oxidized and dissolved, provoking the concomitant Cr leakage. • Absorbed/intercalated MoO 4 2- facilitates the generation of active β-NiOOH. • Cr dopants in active layer enhance OER by preventing the Ni/Co over-oxidation. We herein report free-standing FeCoNiCrMo high-entropy alloy (HEA) plate as an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst with activity and durability superior to benchmarking NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH). It requires overpotentials of 303 and 372 mV to reach current densities of 100 and 700 mA cm−2, respectively, and maintains its activity for at least 120 h in alkaline media. Its dynamic structural/compositional evolution is uncovered, in which Mo metals are rapidly oxidized and dissolved into electrolyte, provoking the concomitant Cr leakage and leaving behind reconstructed active NiFeCo oxyhydroxide nanostructures on the surface. Its enhanced OER (intrinsic) activity is found to be associated with the absorption of resultant Mo oxo-anion (MoO 4 2-) and the persistence of trace Cr atoms in surficial NiFeCo oxyhydroxide phase. This work offers useful insights into the origin of high OER activity of HEA catalysts and also provides a feasible way for mass-production of active OER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the generation of terahertz (THz) waves from an argon cluster plasma produced by laser pulses of various durations. THz energy depends on laser pulse duration and reaches a peak at a pulse duration of ∼250 fs. This dependence of THz energy on laser pulse duration is attributed to the plasma density produced by the rising edge of the pulse. By irradiating clusters with collinear double laser pulses, we demonstrate that the THz energy can be increased by controlling the plasma density. Optimizing the delay time of the collinear double laser pulses increases the THz energy by ∼2.5 times that with simultaneous irradiation of collinear double laser pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative-relaying networks have great potential for deployment in next-generation wireless communication networks. However, a cooperative-relaying network using two-dimensional multiple-input-multiple-output technology can further enhance the network performance. In this article, we propose a game theoretical framework for mobile two-dimensional multiple-input-multiple-output communication networks to achieve optimal relay selection and cooperative control. A source node, relay, and destination node can make service-selection decisions dynamically in a two-level network, based on the mobile-channel satisfaction parameters (e.g. spatial-temporal correlation and relay survivability). To model this dynamic interactive decision problem, we propose a hierarchical dynamic game framework. At the outer level, we formulate an evolutionary game to model and analyze the process of adaptive selection of relays for maximizing the multiple-input-multiple-output capacity by relay selection and power allocation. At the inner level, by aligning relays, we formulate an evolutionary game to model a self-organizing network structure for relays, to increase the capacity. A closed-loop evolutionary game equilibrium is considered to solve the dynamic game. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the quality of service for mobile two-dimensional multiple-input-multiple-output communication networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]