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The standardization management of large and medium-sized irrigation districts plays a crucial role in the current rural water conservancy and agricultural production sector. The Hanjia Irrigation District located in the Northwest Shandong Plain, which has long been plagued by a series of issues including imperfect management system, inadequate routine maintenance, non-standard engineering monitoring and patrol data, and lack of archive and asset management, These problems render it unable to meet the demands of modern agricultural production. This paper addresses the actual situation of the irrigation district and undertakes standardization management construction and reform efforts. Through diligent endeavors, the standardization management of the Hanjia Irrigation District has successfully passed acceptance, becoming one of the first large and medium-sized irrigation districts in Shandong Province to achieve standardized construction. Building upon this achievement, a comprehensive summary of experiences in standardization management of large and medium-sized irrigation districts is provided, covering aspects such as organizational management, safety management, engineering management, agricultural water conservation and water supply management, information management, and economic management. This aims to provide experiences and engineering references for standardization management in large and medium-sized irrigation districts in the Northwest Shandong Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a seawater salinity sensor array based on a micro/nanofiber Bragg grating structures, which allows for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and salinity. The proposed sensing structure is fabricated through a process involving optical fiber tapering, femtosecond laser inscription, and chemical etching. The equivalent refractive index (RI) of this sensor structure is influenced by the surrounding RI, resulting in a Bragg characteristic wavelength shift that can be used for salinity sensing. The experimental results show that the salinity sensitivity for two cascaded sensor arrays is 8.39 pm/‰ and 7.71 pm/‰, while the temperature sensitivity is 8.28 pm/°C and 8.03 pm/°C, respectively. This sensor structure is compact, exhibits excellent linearity, and offers good repeatability. It holds great potential for applications in seawater environmental monitoring and quantitative studies of seawater dispersion characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]