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The removal control of radioactive aerosols in a nuclear emergency is an important issue, and capture fixation is a parameter for studying the purification effect of aerosol fixatives on aerosols. Herein, PAM-g-PAA, PAM-g-PHEA, and PAM-g-PAA/PHEA were obtained by chemical grafting with polyacrylamide as the substrate, acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate as grafting monomers. The grafting product was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and the grafting rate was calculated. The microstructure of different products were compared and discussed by scanning electron microscope images of freeze-drying and film formation. The capture and sedimentation effects of tellurium (simulated polonium) aerosol were studied by surface tension and fixed sedimentation experiments (PAM, PAM-g-PAA, PAM-g-PHEA, PAM-g-PAA/PHEA aqueous solution), and the mechanism of aerosol fixation was discussed. The results showed that the surface tension of the grafted product was significantly lower than that of the substrate PAM. Among them, the aerosol fixing agent PAM-g-PHEA grafted with HEA modified polyacrylamide can more effectively capture and fix tellurium aerosol particles, and its fixed sedimentation efficiency is 94.34%, which provides a research idea for the purification of polonium radioactive aerosol by atomization fixation method.

Although pyroptosis is critical for macrophages against pathogen infection, its role and mechanism in cancer cells remains unclear. PD-L1 has been detected in the nucleus, with unknown function. Here we show that PD-L1 switches TNFα-induced apoptosis to pyroptosis in cancer cells, resulting in tumour necrosis. Under hypoxia, p-Stat3 physically interacts with PD-L1 and facilitates its nuclear translocation, enhancing the transcription of the gasdermin C (GSDMC) gene. GSDMC is specifically cleaved by caspase-8 with TNFα treatment, generating a GSDMC N-terminal domain that forms pores on the cell membrane and induces pyroptosis. Nuclear PD-L1, caspase-8 and GSDMC are required for macrophage-derived TNFα-induced tumour necrosis in vivo. Moreover, high expression of GSDMC correlates with poor survival. Antibiotic chemotherapy drugs induce pyroptosis in breast cancer. These findings identify a non-immune checkpoint function of PD-L1 and provide an unexpected concept that GSDMC/caspase-8 mediates a non-canonical pyroptosis pathway in cancer cells, causing tumour necrosis.

Background: The usefulness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary (MIP) components remains unclear. We analyzed whether postoperative ACT could reduce recurrence in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma with MIP components, thereby improving their overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Methods: Data for patients with pathologically confirmed stage I lung adenocarcinoma with MIP components from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. OS and DFS were analyzed in groups and subgroups. Results: Overall, 259 patients were enrolled. Patients who received ACT in stage IA showed significantly better survival than did those with no‐adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT); (5‐year OS 89.4% vs. 73.6%, p < 0.001; 5‐year DFS 87.2% vs. 66.0%, p = 0.008). A difference was also observed for in‐stage IB patients (5‐year OS 82.0% vs. 51.8%, p = 0.001; 5‐year DFS 76.0% vs. 41.11 %, p = 0.004). In subgroup analysis based on the proportion of MIP components, patients with 1%–5% MIP components had a significantly better prognosis in the ACT group than in the NACT group (5‐year OS 82.4% vs. 66.0%, p = 0.005; 5‐year DFS 76.5% vs. 49.1%, p = 0.032). A similar difference was observed for patients with MIP ≥5% (5‐year OS 80.7% vs. 47.8%, p = 0.009; 5‐year DFS 73.11% vs. 43.5%, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Among patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma with MIP components, those who received ACT showed significant survival benefits compared to those without ACT. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma with MIP components could benefit from ACT when the MIP was ≥1%. The need for patients with Stage I lung adenocarcinoma containing micropapillary (MIP) components to receive adjuvant therapy after surgery is unclear. The results of this study suggest that the presence of MIP components is a significant risk factor for poor prognosis. We found that in patients with Stage I lung adenocarcinoma with MIP components, those who received adjuvant chemotherapy showed significant survival benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundStrippable and self-brittle decontaminants are the two most commonly used surface decontaminants. However, peelable decontaminants have problems such as poor mechanical properties and difficulty in peeling whilst the self-brittle decontaminants become brittle due to the diaphragm and cause the potential of secondary pollution during the curing process.PurposeThis study aims to prepare several surface radiaction decontaminants and analyze their performance of decontamination.MethodsFirst of all, butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylic acid (AA) were selected, and preemulsion polymerization was adopted. Two kinds of surface decontaminants with different curing morphology were prepared. Then, the mechanical properties were tested by electronic universal testing machine and the surface of the membrane was observed by optical microscope, and simulated cold decontamination rate test was carried out according to IAEA recommended steps. Finally, action mechanism of surface radioactive decontaminant was studied by wettability and zeta potential test, as well as the combination of detergent and pollutants.ResultsThe test results for BA, MMA, and AA show that the good physical and mechanical properties is achieved when mBA:mMMA:mAA=1:0.9:0.1 hereby the tensile strength can be up to 9.16 MPa and the breaking elongation can be up to 671%, which is a good peeling detergent substrate. Particle size control of MAA and MMA can control the solidification morphology of decontaminant.ConclusionsThe two detergents can be completely excreted and embrittled on different surfaces and forms, and the decontamination rate of simulated nuclides can reach more than 90%.

Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, yet the mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that serum LPS levels were significantly higher in newly diagnosed diabetic patients than in normal control. miR-145 level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased in type 2 diabetics. LPS repressed the transcription of miR-143/145 cluster and decreased miR-145 levels. Attenuation of miR-145 activity by anti-miR-145 triggered liver inflammation and increased serum chemokines in C57BL/6 J mice. Conversely, lentivirus-mediated miR-145 overexpression inhibited macrophage infiltration, reduced body weight, and improved glucose metabolism in db/db mice. And miR-145 overexpression markedly reduced plaque size in the aorta in ApoE−/− mice. Both OPG and KLF5 were targets of miR-145. miR-145 repressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis partially by targeting OPG and KLF5. miR-145 also suppressed NF-κB activation by targeting OPG and KLF5. Our findings provide an association of the environment with the progress of metabolic disorders. Increasing miR-145 may be a new potential therapeutic strategy in preventing and treating metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]