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4. Recent Advancement in Anticancer Activity of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau

Author

Lin, Chung-Ming, Chen, Hsin-Han, Lung, Chi-Wen, and Chen, Hui-Jye

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Clinacanthus nutans is a traditional medicinal herb that is applied for the therapy of snake bites, skin infection, herpes infection, burns, scalds, dysentery, and diabetes. Clinacanthus nutans is also used to treat several cancers, including breast, cervical, colon, gastric, head and neck, liver, lung, pancreatic, and skin cancers, as well as lymphoma and leukemia; however, the underlying mechanisms of its anticancer activity remained undetermined. We searched PubMed and Google with key words “Clinacanthus nutans and cancer” and collected recent papers of Clinacanthus nutans with anticancer activity. We focused on the preparation, effects, and action mechanisms of Clinacanthus nutans extracts on various types of cancers. We hope that this mini review can help update our knowledge about active components, effects, and molecular mechanisms of extracts from this promising herb Clinacanthus nutans for ongoing studies and speed up its clinical application in the future.

Published
2021
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9. Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Constitutively Expressed Nitrate Transporter Gene, OsNRT1, from Rice1

Author

Lin, Chung-Ming, Koh, Serry, Stacey, Gary, Yu, Su-May, Lin, Tsai-Yun, and Tsay, Yi-Fang

Subjects
DNA, Complementary, Nitrates, Base Sequence, Arabidopsis Proteins, Xenopus, Anion Transport Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, food and beverages, Oryza, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Substrate Specificity, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, RNA, Messenger, Cloning, Molecular, Carrier Proteins, In Situ Hybridization, Research Article, Plant Proteins
Abstract

Elucidating how rice (Oryza sativa) takes up nitrate at the molecular level could help improve the low recovery rate (50%) of nitrogen fertilizer in rice paddies. As a first step toward that goal, we have cloned a nitrate transporter gene from rice called OsNRT1. OsNRT1 is a new member of a growing transporter family called PTR, which consists not only of nitrate transporters from higher plants that are homologs of the Arabidopsis CHL1 (AtNRT1) protein, but also peptide transporters from a wide variety of genera including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. However, despite the fact that OsNRT1 shares a higher degree of sequence identity with the two peptide transporters from plants (approximately 50%) than with the nitrate transporters (approximately 40%) of the PTR family, no peptide transport activity was observed when OsNRT1 was expressed in either Xenopus oocytes or yeast. Furthermore, contrasting the dual-affinity nitrate transport activity of CHL1, OsNRT1 displayed only low-affinity nitrate transport activity in Xenopus oocytes, with a K(m) value of approximately 9 mM. Northern-blot and in situ hybridization analysis indicated that OsNRT1 is constitutively expressed in the most external layer of the root, epidermis and root hair. These data strongly indicate that OsNRT1 encodes a constitutive component of a low-affinity nitrate uptake system for rice.

Published
2000

12. Antitumor properties of Coenzyme Q 0 against human ovarian carcinoma cells via induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy.

Author

Hseu YC, Tsai TJ, Korivi M, Liu JY, Chen HJ, Lin CM, Shen YC, and Yang HL

Subjects
Animals, Beclin-1 metabolism, Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress drug effects, Female, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Nude, Mitochondria drug effects, Mitochondria metabolism, Ovarian Neoplasms metabolism, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Receptor, ErbB-2 metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Autophagy drug effects, Coenzymes pharmacology, Ovarian Neoplasms drug therapy, Protective Agents pharmacology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
Abstract

Coenzyme Q 0 (CoQ 0 , 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) has been reported to exert anticancer properties against human breast/lung cancer cells. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of CoQ 0 on human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3) cells and xenografted nude mice, and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism. CoQ 0 induced G 2 /M arrest through downregulation of cyclin B1/A and CDK1/K2 expressions. CoQ 0 -induced autophagy as a survival mechanism was evidenced by increased accumulation of LC3-II, GFP-LC3 puncta, AVOs formation and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 dysregulation. Increased TUNEL-positive cells and Annexin-V/PI stained cells indicated CoQ 0 -induced late apoptosis. Both mitochondrial (caspase-3, PARP and Bax/Bcl-2 dysregulation) and ER stress (caspase-12 and Hsp70) signals are involved in execution of apoptosis. Interestingly, CoQ 0 -induced apoptosis/autophagy is associated with suppression of HER-2/neu and PI 3 K/AKT signalling cascades. CoQ 0 triggered intracellular ROS production, whereas antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevented CoQ 0 -induced apoptosis, but not autophagy. Inhibition of apoptosis by Z-VAD-FMK suppressed CoQ 0 -induced autophagy (diminished LC3-II/AVOs), indicates CoQ 0 -induced apoptosis led to evoke autophagy. Contrary, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA/CQ potentiated CoQ 0 -induced apoptosis (increased DNA fragmentation/PARP cleavage). Furthermore, CoQ 0 treatment to SKOV-3 xenografted nude mice reduced tumor incidence and burden. Histopathological analyses confirmed that CoQ 0 modulated xenografted tumor progression by apoptosis induction. Our findings emphasize that CoQ 0 triggered ROS-mediated apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy.

Published
2017
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