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A new nitrogen-containing iridoid glycoside, named (7 R,3���R)-lonijapospiroside A (1), together with thirteen known iridoid glycosides, were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Among them, compounds 1-4 are four diastereoisomers, and their absolute configurations were accurately established by the NOE spectra as well as comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The anti-inflammatory activities of all isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on NO, IL-6, and TNF-�� production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 14 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting IL-6 with an IC50 value of 54.70 ��M, comparable to that of the positive control (hydrocortisone, IC50: 62.6 �� 1.7 ��M).

Chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) is a common disease of the digestive system that possesses a serious pathogenesis. Jinhong tablet (JHT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, exerts therapeutic effects against CSG. However, the molecular basis of its therapeutic effect has not been clarified. Herein, we employed UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based chemical profile identification to determine the chemical components in JHT. Further, we applied network pharmacology to illustrate its molecular mechanisms. A total of 96 chemical constituents were identified in JHT, 31 of which were confirmed using reference standards. Based on the bioinformatics analysis performed using the symptom-guided pharmacological networks of “chi,” “blood,” “pain,” and “inflammation,” and a target screening based on the interaction probabilities between compounds and targets, MMP2, DRD2, and AKR1B1 were identified as key targets in the therapeutic effect exhibited by JHT against CSG. Moreover, according to the inhibitory activities presented in the literature and binding mode analysis, the structural types of alkaloids, flavonoids, organic acids, including chlorogenic acid (10), caffeic acid (13), (-)-corydalmine (33), (-)-isocorypalmine (36), isochlorogenic acid C (38), isochlorogenic acid A (41), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (42), isochlorogenic acid B (47), quercetin (63), and kaempferol (70) tended to show remarkable activities against CSG. Owing to the above findings, we systematically identified the chemical components of JHT and revealed its molecular mechanisms based on the symptoms associated with CSG.

Two new iridoid glycosides, 2′-O-cis-coumaroylgardoside (1), and 6′-O-caffeoylioxide (2), were isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESI-MS, NMR) and chemical methods. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on PGE2 production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, compounds 1 and 2 could reduce PGE2 levels in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 121.4 and 83.38 μM, respectively.

Ten cycloart-7-ene triterpenoid glycosides, including three new compounds (1–3), were isolated from the roots of Cimicifuga dahurica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods and comparison with literatures. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the production of NO, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compounds 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 can reduce the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Western blot analysis indicated that the NO inhibitory effects relied on down-regulating the expression of iNOS, and partially associated with lowering the expression of COX-2.