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Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of neuropathologic damage induced by radiofrequency ablation at different temperatures. Methods This is basic research, and 36 SD rats were used to construct the neuropathological injury model. The rats were subjected to radiofrequency stimulation at different temperatures and were divided into 6 groups according to the temperature injury: 42°, 47°, 52°, 57°, 62°, and 67°C groups. Conduction time, conduction distance, and nerve conduction velocity were recorded after temperature injury. HE-staining was used to observe the histopathological morphology of the sciatic nerve. The expression of SCN9A, SCN3B, and NFASC protein in sciatic nerve tissue were detected by western blot. Results With the increase in temperature, nerve conduction velocity gradually decreased, and neurons were damaged when the temperature was 67°C. HE-staining showed that the degrees of degeneration of neurons in rats at 47°, 52°, 57°, 62°, and 67°C were gradually increased. The expression of SCN9A, SCN3B protein in 57°, 62°, 67°C groups were much higher than that of NC, 42°, 47°, 52°C groups. However, the expression of NFASC protein in 57°, 62°, 67°C groups was much lower than that of the NC, 42°, 47°, 52°C groups. Conclusion There was a positive correlation between temperature caused by the radiofrequency stimulation to neuropathological damage. The mechanism is closely related to the expression of SCN9A, SCN3B, and NFASC protein in nerve tissue caused by heat transfer injury.

The global trends of coal phase-out in response to climate change are meeting obstacles in China, where a stable operation of power-coal supply chains remains essential. How to guarantee the resilience of these supply chains during the low-carbon transition becomes a critical issue. This study aims to recommend corresponding strategies by modelling and analysis. A system dynamics model was developed to analyze scenarios of China’s power-coal supply from 2021 to 2060. The results indicated that, firstly, the capacity redundancy of coal mines will increase from 1.13 to 1.32 before 2045, with the rising power-coal demand and its volatility, followed by a sharp decrease after that, in which demand falls in all scenarios. Secondly, increasing coal stock in each link can effectively reduce capacity redundancy of coal mines and imports during the period of rising demand, resulting in 250 million tons of coal mine capacity reduction, but will lead to an opposite result when demand falls. Finally, under high demand fluctuations, coal transport capacity will become a key constraint. It is recommended that China must improve the capacity redundancy of coal mines, coal stock, and coal transport in the near-term, as well as enhance long-term planning to carefully coordinate these factors during the whole process of low-carbon transition.

China has a vast territory, so the energy resource endowments of different regions in the country are significantly varied. Promoting regional energy revolution based on local conditions is an effective way to break the bottlenecks that restrict China’s energy development. This study analyzes the current situation of energy development from the aspects of energy production, consumption, and distribution, and investigates the differences regarding energy consumption intensity and the driving force for energy consumption growth in the core regions (i.e., the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, old industrial bases, the Central China, energy-rich areas, and Southwest China). The medium- and long-term energy development trends and strategic focuses of these regions by 2035 are analyzed. Specifically, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region should focus on the coordinated development of energy, economy, and environment; an energy system with regional linkage should be formed and optimized in the Yangtze River Delta; the Pearl River Delta can strive to build itself as a clean energy production, storage, and transportation base; economic transformation should be promoted in the old industrial bases through value increment and diversification of energy resources; Central China should establish itself as an integrated energy hub; the energy-rich areas should build itself as a green and sustainable energy security base; and clean energy consumption should be encouraged in Southwest China. To coordinate energy development in various regions, China should fully consider the significant differences in local conditions, promote social development and ecologicalprotection with the regional energy revolution, and encourage regional cooperation in energy.

The emission estimation of the oil and gas sector, which involves field test measurements, data analysis, and uncertainty estimation, precedes effective emission mitigation actions. A systematic comparison and summary of these technologies and methods are necessary to instruct the technology selection and for uncertainty improvement, which is not found in existing literature. In this paper, we present a review of existing measuring technologies, matching data analysis methods, and newly developed probabilistic tools for uncertainty estimation and try to depict the process for emission estimation. Through a review, we find that objectives have a determinative effect on the selection of measurement technologies, matching data analysis methods, and uncertainty estimation methods. And from a systematic perspective, optical instruments may have greatly improved measurement accuracy and range, yet data analysis methods might be the main contributor of estimation uncertainty. We suggest that future studies on oil and gas methane emissions should focus on the analysis methods to narrow the uncertainty bond, and more research on uncertainty generation might also be required.

The input–output table and input–output method have been widely used to understand complex economic structures and are often used in cross-disciplinary research between economics and other disciplines, such as analysis of embodied energy, carbon footprints, the water–food nexus, etc. However, when researchers present these results to audiences, especially policymakers, they often lack an effective visualization tool to present (1) the full picture of the input–output table, (2) the complicated upstream–downstream nexus, and (3) the input–output relationships between the economic sectors. Therefore, a better visualization method is developed to solve this problem. We propose mapping an input–output table into a Sankey diagram, a so-called monetary allocation Sankey diagram. We first designed the mapping structure of a monetary allocation Sankey diagram according to the general structure of an economic monetary input–output table to establish the correspondence nexus between the table and diagram. We used China as a case study to demonstrate the usage of the monetary allocation Sankey diagram. The purpose of the monetary allocation Sankey diagram is to help people understand the input–output table in a short time and quickly grasp the big picture of the economic system. To verify whether this goal is achieved, we presented and applied these Sankey diagrams on different occasions and obtained evaluations from scholars from different academic backgrounds. The evaluation shows that the monetary allocation Sankey diagram is not only a visualization result of the input–output table but also a miniature model of the economic system, which allows people to “truly observe” the complex input–output relationship and upstream–downstream nexus in the economic system. Researchers can quickly grasp the main features of the economic system by observing the miniature model, or they can use this miniature model as an auxiliary tool to introduce the economic system and its inherent complex relationships to the audience.

Over the past twenty years, thin film lubrication (TFL) theory has been used to characterize the molecular behaviors in lubrication films thinner than 100 nm, effectively bridging the gap between elastohydrodynamic lubrication and boundary lubrication. Unfortunately, to date, the TFL molecular model proposed in 1996 has not been directly proven by experimental detection. Herein, a method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was developed to show both the packing and orienting of liquid molecules in the TFL regime. By trapping liquid crystal molecules between a structured silver surface and a glass surface, molecular ordering states dominated by shear effect and surface effect were successfully distinguished. A nanosandwich structure consisting of an adsorbed layer, an ordered-molecule layer, and a fluid layer was demonstrated. Molecule imaging in TFL was achieved. Our results illustrate the molecular behaviors and lubrication mechanism in nanoconfined films and facilitate the lubrication design of nanoelectromechanical and microelectromechanical systems.

The mechanical performances of traditional notched HDPE pipe (NHP) with various groove depths and shapes, including U-type, V-type and L-type (linear type), are critical for the safety assessment. However, some important mechanical performances, such as the limit load, creep, low cycle fatigue or high cycle fatigue may be not convenient to test by the NHP specimen. A novel notched HDPE ring (NHR) specimen was designed to test the mechanical performances of NHP, and the tested results were compared with those data obtained by NHP specimens, finite element simulation and theoretical prediction. Results show that the simulated and predicted ultimate loads of NHR specimens with various groove shapes and depths are in good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, the strength reduction factors of NHP and NHR specimens are very close to each other when the depth ratio is less than 0.4 for various grooves. It is of interest that the static creep lives of NHR specimens with U-type and V-type notches are relatively shorter than that of the specimens with the L-type groove. Therefore, the NHP specimen can be replaced by the proposed NHR specimen to test mechanical properties for convenience.

Analysis of the change of overall energy efficiency performance of an energy system is a fundamental work for the energy-saving policymaking. However, previous studies seldom focus on energy stages from useful energy to final service, while most attention are paid on stages from energy source to useful energy. In this paper, we develop a high-resolution the Societal Exergy Analysis and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (SEA-LMDI) method to analysis changes and driving factors of the aggregate exergy efficiency, in which the boundary of the SEA is extended to passive systems and final services, and a LMDI decomposition method is developed to quantify contributions of efficiency factors and structure factors of all six stages on the aggregate exergy efficiency. A case study of China during 2005–2015 reveals that: (a) the aggregate exergy efficiency from energy source to final service is only from 3.7% to 4.8% during 2005–2015, showing a huge theoretical potential of efficiency improvement. (b) Large passive losses are identified in passive systems and nearly 2/3 of useful energy can be theoretically saved by improving passive systems. (c) Deep analysis of industrial coal-fired boilers indicates that the internal structural adjustments are also important for the aggregate improvement.

Controlling energy consumption to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has become a global consensus in response to the challenge of climate change. Most studies have focused on energy consumption control in a single region, however, high-resolution analysis of energy consumption and personalized energy policy-making, for multiple regions with differentiated development, have become a complicated challenge. Using the logarithmic mean Divisia index I (LMDI) decomposition method based on energy allocation analysis (EAA), this paper aims to establish a standard paradigm for a high-resolution analysis of multi-regional energy consumption and provide suggestions for energy policy-making, taking 29 provinces of China as the sample. The process involved three steps: (1) determination of regional priorities of energy consumption control by EAA, (2) revealing regional disparity among the driving forces of energy consumption growth by LMDI, and (3) deriving policy implications by comparing the obtained results with existing policies. The results indicated that 29 provinces can be divided into four groups, with different priorities of energy consumption control according to the patterns of coal flows. Most provinces have increasing levels of energy consumption, driven by increasing per capita GDP and improving living standards, while its growth is restrained by decreasing end-use energy intensity, improving energy supply efficiency, and optimization of industrial structures. However, some provinces are not following these trends to the same degree. This indicates that policy-makers must pay more attention to the different driving mechanisms of energy consumption growth among provinces.

The channels may be formed in the unconsolidated sands reservoir due to formation failure during high-pressure water injection or frac-packing. Based on the continuum mechanics, a mathematical model has been established to simulate the formation process of big channels in unconsolidated sands reservoir during fluid injection. The model considers the effect of reservoir heterogeneity, solid particles erosion, and deposition. The dynamic formation process of channels around the borehole and its influencing factors are analyzed by this model. The results indicate that the seepage erosion plays a very significant role in the formation of the channels during fluid injection for the unconsolidated sands with extremely low strength. The formation of the channels is closely related to the duration of fluid injection, injection pressure, reservoir heterogeneity, formation plugging, and critical fluid velocity. The long channels are more likely to form as injection time increases. Higher injection pressure will lead to higher flow rate, thus eroding the solid particles and forming big channels. The increase of the rock strength will enhance the value of critical fluid velocity, which makes it difficult for the occurrence of erosional channelization. The near-wellbore damage of the formation will decrease the flow rate, and the preferential flow channels are less likely to be induced under the same injection pressure when compared with undamaged formation. In addition, we also found that the reservoir heterogeneity is essential to the formation of preferential flow channels. The channels are especially prone to be formed in the regions with high porosity and permeability at the initial time. The study can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of high-pressure water injection or frac-packing operation in the unconsolidated sands reservoir.

To systematically analyze energy-related carbon emissions from the perspective of comprehensive energy flow and allocate emissions responsibility, we introduce energy allocation analysis to carbon flow process based on Sankey diagrams. Then, to quantitatively compare different diagrams and evaluate the structural changes of carbon flow, we define changes from three dimensions including total amount change, relative growth rate and occupation ratio change (TRO), propose TRO index. The method is applied to China’s case study from 2005 to 2015. We map China’s energy-related carbon flow Sankey diagrams with high technical resolution from energy sources, intermediate conversion, end-use devices, passive systems to final services, and conduct TRO index decomposition by stages. The results indicate that in energy sources, the emission share of coal has declined due to energy transition although coal is still the largest contributor to China’s energy-related carbon emissions. In passive systems, the factory passive systems are the largest contributors, among them, emission reduction should focus on the steel, non-ferrous and chemical industries; the building passive systems should pay attention to household appliances; the vehicle passive systems should focus on cars. In final services, the demand for structural materials is the strongest driving force for carbon emissions growth.

The measurement and allocation of carbon emission responsibilities is a fundamental issue in China’s low-carbon development. However, existing studies of embodied carbon do not sufficiently consider the sectoral energy structure. In this work, we developed a high-resolution calculation method for embodied carbon that embeds the sectoral energy structure into traditional input–output methods, thus expanding the driving factors of SDA decomposition. Based on this method, we calculated the quantity, final consumption structure, and energy structure of embodied carbon in China’s 28 sectors from 2002 to 2018, drew a carbon emissions allocation Sankey diagram of China in 2018, and calculated the SDA decomposition results for 2002–2010 and 2010–2018. The results indicate that fixed capital formation was still the top contributor of embodied carbon, and it caused more coal consumption. “Construction for fixed capital formation” and “other services for domestic consumption” were the two most important drivers of carbon emissions. The final consumption quantity and energy intensity were the main factors that promoted and inhibited the growth of embodied carbon, respectively, while the effects of the input–output structure, sectoral energy structure, and carbon emission coefficient on reducing carbon emissions were obvious after 2010. This also revealed that policymakers should formulate differentiated emission reduction strategies according to the carbon emission characteristics of key sectors.

The low-carbon development of China’s iron and steel industry (ISI) is important but challenging work for the attainment of China’s carbon neutrality by 2060. However, most previous studies related to the low-carbon development of China’s ISI are fragmented from different views such as production-side mitigation, demand-side mitigation, or mitigation technologies. Additionally, there is still a lack of a comprehensive overview of the long-term pathway to the low-carbon development of China’s ISI. To respond to this gap and to contribute to better guide policymaking in China, this paper conducted a timely and comprehensive review following the technology roadmap framework covering the status quo, future vision, and key actions of the low-carbon development of the world and China’s ISI. First, this paper provides an overview of the technology roadmap of low-carbon development around the main steel production countries in the world. Second, the potential for key decarbonization actions available for China’s ISI are evaluated in detail. Third, policy and research recommendations are put forward for the future low-carbon development of China’s ISI. Through this comprehensive review, four key actions can be applied to the low-carbon development of China’s ISI: improving energy efficiency, shifting to Scrap/EAF route, promoting material efficiency strategy, and deploying radical innovation technologies.

This paper quantifies the exergy losses of coal-based series polygeneration systems and evaluates the potential efficiency improvements that can be realized by applying advanced technologies for gasification, methanol synthesis, and combined cycle power generation. Exergy analysis identified exergy losses and their associated causes from chemical and physical processes. A new indicator was defined to evaluate the potential gain from minimizing exergy losses caused by physical processes—the degree of perfection of the system’s thermodynamic performance. The influences of a variety of advanced technical solutions on exergy improvement were analyzed and compared. It was found that the overall exergy loss of a series polygeneration system can be reduced significantly, from 57.4% to 48.9%, by applying all the advanced technologies selected. For gasification, four advanced technologies were evaluated, and the largest reduction in exergy loss (about 2.5 percentage points) was contributed by hot gas cleaning, followed by ion transport membrane technology (1.5 percentage points), slurry pre-heating (0.91 percentage points), and syngas heat recovery (0.6 percentage points). For methanol synthesis, partial shift technology reduced the overall exergy loss by about 1.4 percentage points. For power generation, using a G-class gas turbine decreased the overall exergy loss by about 1.6 percentage points.

Uniaxial stress-controlled ratcheting behaviors of expanded PTFE (ePTFE) under cyclic compressive loads were tested. The effects of temperature, stress rate and mean stress on the ratcheting behaviors of ePTFE considering multiple load paths were discussed in detail. Results present that the steady ratcheting strain is rate-independent when the stress rate is less than about 0.1 MPa/s, while it approximately linearly decreases with increasing the stress rate for greater stress rate. Additionally, the steady ratcheting is temperature-independent when the temperature is greater than about 150 °C, but it nearly linearly increases with enhancing the temperature for lower temperature. Especially, the stress rate almost has little effect on the ratcheting strain of ePTFE at 200 °C. Moreover, the accumulated ratcheting strain enhances rapidly in about the first 80 cycles, and subsequently tends to shakedown in the subsequent cycles for each load path. Furthermore, if a higher stress is used in the prior cycling, the greater ratcheting strain may be produced, and a negative ratcheting strain rate can be obtained in the subsequent cycling with lower mean stress due to the greater strain hardening and deformation resistance produced by the previous higher stress.

Compressive creep-fatigue experiments on PTFE gaskets with small stress amplitude were tested. The effects of peak holding times and temperatures on creep-ratcheting behaviors were further discussed. Results showed that at room temperature, the accumulated creep-ratcheting strain corresponding to 400 cycles for peak holding 1min is nearly 1.06 times that for peak holding time 0.5min and 1.3 times that without peak holding. While, at 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C, they are almost 1.1 times and 1.6 times, 1.1 times and 1.7 times, 1.05 times and 1.9 times, respectively. This means although the accumulated creep-ratcheting strains for peak holding 0.5min and 1min are very close to each other, but short peak holding time still has obvious effect on the accumulated deformation comparing that without peak holding. Moreover, the creep-ratcheting deformation with short peak holding time and small stress amplitude for PTFE gaskets can be simply estimated by the corresponding compressive static creep strain at the same peak stress in practical engineering with relatively good accuracy.

Increased glycolysis in tumor cells is associated with increased risk of tumor progression and mortality. Therefore, disruption of glycolysis, one of the main sources of cellular energy supply, can serve as a target for suppressing tumor growth and progression. Of note, hexokinase-2 (HK2) plays vital roles in glucose metabolism. Moreover, the expression of HK2 alters the metabolic phenotype and supports the continuous growth of tumor cells, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. Quercetin (QUE), a bioactive flavonoid, has a profound anti-tumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the precise underlying mechanism of this effect is unclear. In the present study, we reported that QUE inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells that relied on aerobic glycolysis. We further found that QUE could decrease the protein levels of HK2 and suppress the AKT/mTOR pathway in HCC cells. In addition, QUE significantly restrained the growth of HCC xenografts and decreased HK-2 expression in vivo. Taken together, we have revealed that QUE suppresses the progression of HCC by inhibiting HK2-dependentglycolysis, which may have a promising potential to be an effective treatments for HCC, especially for those patients with high HK2 expression.

The mechanical properties of medical grade ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are critical for the safety and integrity of UHMWPE implantation. Accordingly, the mechanical features of UHMWPE are tested under repeated stress-controlled and strain-controlled compression at room temperature. Some important effect factors, such as stress rate, mean stress, stress amplitude, strain rate, mean strain, strain range and multiple load steps are further considered in detail. Results indicate that the lower stress rate causes the greater accumulated plastic strain and the accumulated plastic strain rate becomes increasingly lower with increasing number of cycles. The strain range and accumulated plastic strain rate decrease rapidly in the first stage, and then become almost steady during the second stage. Especially, the accumulated plastic strain rate per cycle for each case is less than 0.01 %/cycle after the initial 100 cycles. This means that the plastic strain accumulates very slowly and the shakedown behavior always occurs. Moreover, obvious cyclic softening and stress relaxation behaviors can be observed under cyclic strain-controlled compression during the first 50 cycles. This indicates that the accumulated plastic stain in the initial 100 cycles and the cyclic stress relaxation during the first 50 cycles should be assessed for the functionality of UHMWPE implantation.

The energy embodied in construction services consumed by industrial sectors used to increase capacities has led to massive energy-related carbon emissions (ERCE). From the perspective of consumer responsibility, ERCE embodied in construction services is driven by technological changes and the increases in final demand of various sectors, including final consumption, fixed assets investment, and net export. However, little attention has been paid to decomposing sectoral responsibilities from this perspective. To fill this research gap, we propose a dynamic hybrid input&ndash, output model combined with structural decomposition analysis (DHI/O-SDA model). We introduce DHI/O modeling into the estimation of ERCE embodied in construction services from the perspective of consumer responsibility and introduce SDA into DHI/O models to improve the resolution of the estimate. Taking China as a case study, we verified the DHI/O-SDA model and present the bilateral relationships among sectoral responsibilities for ERCE embodied in construction services. A major finding is that the &ldquo, Other Tertiary Industry&rdquo, sector is most responsible for ERCE embodied in construction services and strongly influences other sectors. Therefore, controlling the final demand increase of the service industry will be the most effective policy to reduce the ERCE embodied in construction services.

Energy revolution is important for realizing the coordinated development of energy system, economic society, and ecological environment. Energy strategies significantly influence the process of national and regional energy revolutions. In this article, we propose a systemic analysis method for energy strategies called SEGO (i.e., sustainable development, energy system, governance of society, and operation of market). Based on this, the global energy transition and China’s energy revolution strategy are analyzed from four aspects: energy challenge, energy system, energy governance, and energy market as well as their relationship. The results show that the world faces multiple energy challenges regarding energy equity, energy security, and green energy. Meanwhile, lack of strong energy governance has led to a low progress of the global energy transition. China is expected to play a more active role in promoting global energy transition. Although China has achieved less energy consumption and less emissions in its development, it still faces severe challenges in multiple aspects such as energy system integration. China should focus on the overall optimization and fine management of its energy system while considering economic development and ecological protection. The co-construction, sharing, and co-adjustment should be further coordinated among different types of energy networks. Moreover, disruptive innovation in new energy technologies and industries should be encouraged.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have previously been reported to be involved in cancer invasion, proliferation and apoptosis. However, the association between the lncRNA, H19, and esophageal cancer (EC) has remained elusive. In the present study, reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expression of H19 was significantly increased and associated with tumor depth and metastasis in 133 EC samples. Furthermore, MTT and Transwell assays revealed that overexpression of H19 in vitro promoted the proliferation and invasion of EC cell lines, whereas knockdown of H19 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of EC cell lines. In addition, it was identified that an upregulation of H19 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, while the opposite effect was observed following the downregulation of H19. In conclusion, H19 has a significant role in the development of EC and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for EC.

A large number of heat flows at various temperature and pressure levels exist in a polygeneration plant which co-produces electricity and chemical products. Integration of these external heat flows in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) has great potential to further enhance energy efficiency of such a plant; however, it is a challenging problem arising from the large design space of heat exchanger network. In this paper, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is developed for the design optimization of a HRSG with consideration of all alternative matches between the HRSG and external heat flows. This model is applied to four polygeneration cases with different HRSG types, and results indicate that the optimized heat network mainly depends on the HRSG type and the model specification.

Malaysia is a typical Southeast Asian country that is a dynamic part of the global growth of energy-related CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions, but little research exists on the driving factors of its energy-related CO2 emission growth. Most of the related publications have considered only the effect of the change of economic indicators using econometric methods, and seldom have they considered the technical driving factors from the perspective of energy systems. In this study, a methodology called the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method based on energy allocation analysis was applied to define the contributions of technical driving factors related to the growth of CO2 emissions in Malaysia during the periods 1978–1990, 1990–2002, and 2002–2014. The technical driving factors include end-use energy structure, electricity generation efficiency, and fuel-mix in electricity generation. The results indicate that, although the population, GDP per capita and energy intensity are still the main driving factors influencing the changes of energy-related CO2 emissions in Malaysia, the influence of technical driving factors is increasing from in 1978–2014. The increasing ratio of electricity in the end-use stage and the structural changes of fuel-mix in electricity generation contribute to energy-related CO2 emission growth. Meanwhile, the increasing end-use energy efficiency and electricity supply efficiency effectively slow down CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Compared with previous publications, the technical driving factors considered in this study can provide a more detailed explanation for the interaction between energy, the economy, and CO2 emissions. On the basis of an overview of Malaysia's existing policies, policy recommendations for further control of energy-related CO2 emissions in Malaysia that mainly focus on these technical factors were proposed.

The energy embodied in construction services (EECS) to increase industrial production capacity, contributes to total primary energy consumption (TPEC) in developing countries like China. Forecasting EECS is important for creating energy policies, but has not received enough attention. There are some defects in the main two methods of EECS forecasting: the static hybrid input-output (HI/O) model and the dynamic HI/O model. The former cannot identify the quantity of construction services, whereas the latter is unstable for EECS forecasting. To tackle these problems, we propose a new model, which is a combination of the static and dynamic hybrid input-output model (CSDHI/O model), for EECS forecasting. Taking China as a case study, we forecast the EECS and TPEC of China until 2020 and analyze the sensitivities of four influencing factors. The results show that the EECS of China will reach 1.79 billion tons of coal equivalent in 2020. The improvement of fabrication level is identified as the most important factor for conserving both TPEC and EECS. A sudden drop in gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and decreasing the investment in the service industry can also restrict EECS growth.