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The emergence of new applications is driving a dramatic growth in the capacity of data center interconnects. Intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption and a small footprint. Industry and academia have conducted much research on IM/DD systems as a cost-effective solution. However, optical/electronic bandwidth and fiber dispersion are the restricting factors for the improvement of transmission capacity. Pattern-dependent distortion is an important aspect that affects system performance. In this paper, we propose a look-up table (LUT)-based direct-detection-faster-than-Nyquist (DDFTN) algorithm to compensate for pattern-dependent distortion. The performances of feedforward-equalization (FFE) only, the original DDFTN, least-squares (LS)-based DDFTN, and LUT-based DDFTN algorithms in IM/DD-based 112/140 Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal transmission were evaluated. The experimental results indicate that LUT-based DDFTN performs better with low computational complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess and visually depict the clinical evidence landscape of traditional Chinese exercises and identify any research gaps and future research needs., Methods: We comprehensively searched seven Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) evaluating the effects of traditional Chinese exercises from their inception until May 2023. The quality of evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach, and the research topics, intervention effects, and strength of evidence were graphically displayed., Results: This evidence map includes 2,017 studies, comprising 1,822 RCTs and 195 SRs. These studies were conducted globally in various countries. Among the traditional Chinese exercises, Tai Chi and Baduanjin have received the most research attention, with a growing number of publications. When traditional Chinese exercises were compared with the control groups, 88.2% of the included SRs reported significantly positive effects, 4.1% reported unclear effects, and 7.7% reported no significant differences. The findings suggested that traditional Chinese exercises could benefit patients with osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, and depression. However, the overall quality of the evidence was suboptimal, with 11.3% rated as moderate, 45.6% as low, and 43.1% as critically low., Conclusion: This evidence map visually represents valuable information on traditional Chinese exercises. While most studies have reported significant benefits, the overall quality of evidence is low., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yu, Wu, Wu, Liu, Chen, Wu, Guo and Yang.)

Trade-offs between evolutionary gain and loss are prevalent in nature, yet their genetic basis is not well resolved. The evolution of insect resistance to insecticide is often associated with strong fitness costs; however, how the fitness trade-offs operates remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its upstream and downstream actors underlie the fitness trade-offs associated with insecticide resistance in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci . Specifically, we find a key cytochrome P450 gene CYP6CM1 , that confers neonicotinoids resistance to in B. tabaci , is regulated by the MAPKs p38 and ERK through their activation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein. However, phosphorylation of p38 and ERK also leads to the activation of the transcription repressor Cap "n" collar isoform C (CncC) that negatively regulates exuperantia (Ex), vasa (Va), and benign gonial cell neoplasm (Bg ), key genes involved in oogenesis, leading to abnormal ovary growth and a reduction in female fecundity. We further demonstrate that the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFF2) triggers the p38 and ERK pathways via phosphorylation. Additionally, a positive feedback loop between p38 and NPFF2 leads to the continuous activation of the MAPK pathways, thereby constitutively promoting neonicotinoids resistance but with a significant reproductive cost. Collectively, these findings provide fundamental insights into the role of cis-trans regulatory networks incurred by GPCR-MAPK signaling pathways in evolutionary trade-offs and applied knowledge that can inform the development of strategies for the sustainable pest control., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.