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A high-power fiber laser was used to cut AZ31B magnesium alloy. The effects of laser cutting speed, assisted air pressure, and defocus on cutting quality were studied systematically. Scanning electron microscope and ultra-depth-of-field three-dimensional microscope were used to observe the morphology of kerf and the cutting surface. The results show that the kerf width at the straight line and the kerf width at the sharp corner always keep the synchronous change law. The cutting surface can usually be divided into three areas: top area, scour area, and stripe area. The change of the area of the three regions has an important influence on the roughness value of the cutting surface. Studying the variation of roughness by studying the variation of three areas is applicable to laser cutting speed and assisted air pressure, but not to defocus. The slag height decreases from 75.87 to 46.83 μm with the increase of laser cutting speed. The slag height decreases rapidly to 52.88 μm and then increases slowly to 61.74 μm with the change of defocus. The slag height decreases rapidly from 58.37 to 24.81 μm with the increase of assisted air pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of multitarget detection of soldering defects on surface-mounted components in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) fabrication, we propose a sample generation method using Stable Diffusion Model and ControlNet, as well as a defect detection method based on the Swin Transformer. The method consists of two stages: First, high-definition original images collected in industrial production and the corresponding prompts are input to Stable Diffusion Model and ControlNet for automatic generation of nonindependent samples. Subsequently, we integrate Swin Transformer as the backbone into the Cascade Mask R-CNN to improve the quality of defect features extracted from the samples for accurate detection box localization and segmentation. Instead of segmenting individual components on the PCB, the method inspects all components in the field of view simultaneously over a larger area. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in scaling up nonindependent sample datasets, thereby enabling the generation of high-quality datasets. The method accurately recognizes targets and detects defect types when performing multitarget inspection on printed circuit boards. The analysis against other models shows that our improved defect detection and segmentation method improves the Average Recall (AR) by 2.8% and the mean Average Precision (mAP) by 1.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the wave equation with a nontrivial boundary condition. The main target of this study is to prove the local-in-time existence and the blow-up in finite time of the energy solution. Through the construction of an auxiliary function and the imposition of appropriate conditions on the initial data, we establish the both lower and upper bounds for the blow-up time of the solution. Meanwhile, based on these estimates, we obtain the result of the local-in-time existence and the blow-up of the energy solution. This approach enhances our understanding of the dynamics leading to blow-up in the considered condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface acoustic wave resonators are widely applied in electronics, communication, and other engineering fields. However, the spurious modes generally present in resonators can cause deterioration in device performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a hexagonal weighted structure to suppress them. With the construction of a finite element resonator model, the parameters of the interdigital transducer (IDT) and the area of the dummy finger weighting are determined. The spurious waves are confined within the dummy finger area, whereas the main mode is less affected by this structure. To verify the suppression effect of the simulation, resonators with conventional and hexagonal weighted structures are fabricated using the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) process. After the S-parameter test of the prepared resonators, the hexagonal weighted resonators achieve a high level of spurious mode suppression. Their properties are superior to those of the conventional structure, with a higher Q value (10,406), a higher minimum return loss (25.7 dB), and a lower ratio of peak sidelobe (19%). This work provides a feasible solution for the design of SAW resonators to suppress spurious modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summer maize constitutes a major food crop in the Yellow River Basin. Optimizing nitrogen (N) application management for this crop not only elevates its yield but also reduces N leaching, thereby ensuring food security and lessening agricultural surface pollution. Utilizing two years of summer maize field experiments, the soil water heat carbon and N simulator (WHCNS) was calibrated and validated against empirical measurements. Subsequent analyses employed the calibrated WHCNS to analyze 56 different N management scenarios. These scenarios varied in terms of N application levels, basal N to topdress application ratios, and chase ratios. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method was utilized for the optimization, considering agronomic, environmental, and economic aspects. The model's calibration accuracy was validated by root mean square errors, relative root mean square errors, and mean errors for soil volumetric water content and soil nitrate N content. The calibration results demonstrated that the new model was capable of simulating the soil hydraulic characteristics, N cycling, and the growth and development of summer maize during the reproductive phase in the Yellow River Basin. Scenario analyses revealed that increasing the N application initially elevated, then stabilized, summer maize yields, whereas the N agronomic efficiency first increased and then decreased. Moreover, reducing the basal N to topdress application ratios and increasing the chase ratios during the tasseling and flowering stages could minimize the nitrate N leaching and optimize both the yield and N fertilizer agronomic utilization. Specifically, the optimal N management for the current year involved applying 170 kg·ha−1 of N with a basal N to the topdress N application ratio of 1:5 and a chase ratio of 1:1 during the tasseling and flowering stages. This study lays the foundation for developing N fertilizer management strategies for summer maize cultivation in the Yellow River Basin. Furthermore, the methodology established here can be adapted for optimizing the management of diverse crops in different geographical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor originating from the renal tubular epithelium. Although the microRNAs (miRNAs) transcriptome of ccRCC has been extensively studied, the role of miRNAs editing in ccRCC is largely unknown. By analyzing small RNA sequencing profiles of renal tissues of 154 ccRCC patients and 22 normal controls, we identified 1025 miRNA editing sites from 246 pre-miRNAs. There were 122 editing events with significantly different editing levels in ccRCC compared to normal samples, which include two A-to-I editing events in the seed regions of hsa-mir-376a-3p and hsa-mir-376c-3p, respectively, and one C-to-U editing event in the seed region of hsa-mir-29c-3p. After comparing the targets of the original and edited miRNAs, we found that hsa-mir-376a-1_49g, hsa-mir-376c_48g and hsa-mir-29c_59u had many new targets, respectively. Many of these new targets were deregulated in ccRCC, which might be related to the different editing levels of hsa-mir-376a-3p, hsa-mir-376c-3p, hsa-mir-29c-3p in ccRCC compared to normal controls. Our study sheds new light on miRNA editing events and their potential biological functions in ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Schatzker IV-C is a high-energy tibial plateau fracture often accompanied by lateral meniscus injuries. While imaging examinations are routine preoperative measurements, the correlation between CT imaging shift parameters of the lateral plateau and lateral meniscal injury in Schatzker IV-C fractures remains uncovered. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled a total of 60 patients with Schatzker IV-C tibial plateau fractures at the First People's Hospital of Hefei. Prior to surgery, CT imaging was used to measure the numerical values of lateral plateau depression (LPD) and lateral plateau widening (LPW). The degree of lateral meniscus injury was confirmed based on intraoperative direct vision, with patients being classified into meniscus injury and non-meniscus injury groups. Dichotomous logistic regression was employed to evaluate the correlation between LPD, LPW, and lateral meniscus injury, while the optimal cut-off points for predicting lateral meniscal injury with LPD and LPW were determined using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The meniscus injury group exhibited a mean LPD of 15.3 ± 3.5 mm, which was significantly higher than the non-meniscus injury group's mean LPD of 8.4 ± 3.4 mm (P < 0.05). Similarly, the meniscus injury group had a larger mean LPW of 9.4 ± 1.8 mm compared to the non-meniscus injury group's mean LPW of 6.9 ± 0.9 mm (P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off points for predicting lateral meniscal injury were determined to be 8.40 mm for LPD (with a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 85%, and AUC of 0.898) and 7.90 mm for LPW (with a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 90%, and AUC of 0.897). Conclusions: Patients with Schatzker IV-C tibial plateau fractures are at a significantly higher risk of lateral meniscal injury when the LPD exceeds 8.40 mm and/or the LPW exceeds 7.90 mm. Our results may provide novel reference metrics for the early diagnosis of lateral meniscal injury in Schatzker IV-C tibial plateau fracture patients when the MRI examination is not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor originating from the renal tubular epithelium. Although the microRNAs (miRNAs) transcriptome of ccRCC has been extensively studied, the role of miRNAs editing in ccRCC is largely unknown. By analyzing small RNA sequencing profiles of renal tissues of 154 ccRCC patients and 22 normal controls, we identified 1025 miRNA editing sites from 246 pre-miRNAs. There were 122 editing events with significantly different editing levels in ccRCC compared to normal samples, which include two A-to-I editing events in the seed regions of hsa-mir-376a-3p and hsa-mir-376c-3p, respectively, and one C-to-U editing event in the seed region of hsa-mir-29c-3p. After comparing the targets of the original and edited miRNAs, we found that hsa-mir-376a-1_49g, hsa-mir-376c_48g and hsa-mir-29c_59u had many new targets, respectively. Many of these new targets were deregulated in ccRCC, which might be related to the different editing levels of hsa-mir-376a-3p, hsa-mir-376c-3p, hsa-mir-29c-3p in ccRCC compared to normal controls. Our study sheds new light on miRNA editing events and their potential biological functions in ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of triple therapeutic method (Hepatic Aarterial Infusion Chemotherapy—HAIC, lenvatinib and sequential ablation) in the treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma (Ad‐HCC). Materials and Methods: From November 2018 to June 2021, data from 150 consecutive Ad‐HCC patients were collected. All patients received HAIC combined with lenvatinib (H‐L group, n = 97) or HAIC combined with lenvatinib and sequential ablation (H‐L‐A group, n = 53). Complications, overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and intrahepatic progression‐free survival (IPFS) were compared between both groups. Results: No significant differences of baseline characteristics were found between groups. The time of median follow‐up was 17.8 months (range, 6.8, 37.6 months). In comparison to the H‐L group, the H‐L‐A group patients showed significantly longer median OS (>30 months vs 13.6 months, respectively; p = 0.010), PFS (12.8 vs. 5.6 months, respectively; p < 0.001), and IPFS (14.6 vs. 6.8 months, respectively; p = 0.002). According to the results from uni‐ and multivariable analyses, we considered α‐fetoprotein and treatment modality as two survival independent prognostic factors. No significant change of the complication incidences was observed between H‐L group and H‐L‐A group (12.4% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.890). Conclusion: Compared to HAIC combined with lenvatinib only, HAIC combined with lenvatinib and sequential ablation was safer and more effective, improving survival outcomes of Ad‐HCC patients. A prospective study will be designed validate the retrospective results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of target phosphorus (P) content on the precipitates, microstructure, texture, magnetic properties, and mechanical properties of low-carbon (C) and low-silicon (Si) non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) was investigated and the influence mechanism was clarified. The results indicate that the precipitates in the steels are mainly aluminum (Al)-manganese (Mn)-Si-bearing complex nitrides ((Al,Si,Mn)xNy) and P-bearing complex nitrides ((Al,Si,Mn)xNy-P). Increasing target phosphorus content in the steels decreases (Al,Si,Mn)xNy, and increases (Al,Si,Mn)xNy-P. The number density of the precipitates is the lowest, and the average size of the precipitates and grain size of the finished steel is the largest in the samples with target P content at the 0.14% level (0.14%P-targeted). The average grain size and microstructure homogeneity of the steels are influenced by the addition of phosphorus. The content of the {111}<112> component decreases, and the favorable texture increases after phosphorus is added to the steel. The magnetic induction of the steel is improved. Grain refinement and microstructure inhomogeneity lead to an iron loss increase after target phosphorus content increases in the steel. The best magnetic induction B50 is 1.765 T in the 0.14%P-targeted samples. The tensile strength and yield strength are improved owing to solid solution strengthening and the grain refinement effect of phosphorus added to the steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic glasses (MGs) with a unique atomic structure have been widely used in the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the recent years. Fe78Si9B13 MGs exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the degradation of oily wastewater in a Fenton-like system for the first time. The oil removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from the oily wastewater were 72.67% and 70.18% within 60 min, respectively. Quenching experiments were performed to verify the production of active hydroxyl radicals (·OH) by activating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The formation of ·OH species can significantly contribute to the degradation reaction of oily wastewater. Fe78Si9B13 MG ribbons were highly efficient materials that exhibited superior reactivity towards H2O2 activation in oily wastewater treatment. The study revealed the catalytic capability of metallic glasses, presenting extensive prospects of their applications in oily wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising approach and non-invasive modality for cancer treatment, however the therapeutic effect of PDT is limited in tumor metastasis and local recurrence. Herein, a tumor targeted nanomedicine (designated as PCN@HA) is constructed for enhanced PDT against tumors. By modified with hyaluronic acid (HA), which could target the CD44 receptor that expressed on the cancer cells, the targeting ability of PCN@HA has been enhanced. Under light irradiation, PCN@HA can produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O 2) and kill cancer cells, then eliminate tumors. Furthermore, PCN@HA exhibits fluorescence (FL)/ photoacoustic (PA) effects for multimodal imaging-guided cancer treatment. And PCN@HA-mediated PDT also can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and stimulate adaptive immune responses by releasing of tumor antigens. By combining with anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade therapy, it can not only effectively suppress the growth of primary tumor, but also inhibit the metastatic tumor growth. • PCN@HA achieved fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging guided cancer treatment. • PCN@HA-mediated PDT induced immunogenic cell death. • By combining with anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade therapy, both primary tumor and metastatic tumor were suppressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nerve agents pose significant threats to civilian and military populations. The reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is critical in treating acute poisoning, but there is still lacking broad-spectrum reactivators, which presents a big challenge. Therefore, insights gained from the reactivation kinetic analysis and molecular docking are essential for understanding the behavior of reactivators towards intoxicated AChE. In this research, we present a systematic determination of the reactivation kinetics of three V agents-inhibited four human ChEs [(AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) from either native or recombinant resources, namely, red blood cell (RBC) AChE, rhAChE, hBChE, rhBChE) reactivated by five standard oximes. We unveiled the effect of native and recombinant ChEs on the reactivation kinetics of V agents ex vitro , where the reactivation kinetics characteristic of Vs-inhibited BChE was reported for the first time. In terms of the inhibition type, all of the five oxime reactivators exhibited noncompetitive inhibition. The inhibition potency of these reactivators would not lead to the difference in the reactivation kinetics between native and recombinant ChE. Despite the significant differences between the native and recombinant ChEs observed in the inhibition, aging, and spontaneous reactivation kinetics, the reactivation kinetics of V agent-inhibited ChEs by oximes were less differentiated, which were supported by the ligand docking results. We also found differences in the reactivation efficiency between five reactivators and the phosphorylated enzyme, and molecular dynamic simulations can further explain from the perspectives of conformational stability, hydrogen bonding, binding free energies, and amino acid contributions. By Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations, the total binding free energy trends aligned well with the experimental k r2 values. • First reactivation kinetic analysis between native and recombinant ChEs inhibited by V agents. • Recombinant ChEs may replace native ChEs in the research of reactivation kinetics. • MD simulations provide a supportive understanding of the reactivation differences among five reactivators. • The total binding free energy trends aligned well with the experimental k r2 values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ZVI and B-assisted nCP/Fe(III) systems could achieve efficient decontamination. • The dominant active species in the enhanced nCP/Fe(III) systems were identified. • Fe(II) was generated simultaneously by Fe(III) reduction and ZVI corrosion. • B continuously supplied electrons to Fe(III) to ensure fast Fe(II) generation. • Efficient NAP degradation in various water matrixes was achieved. Nano calcium peroxide (nCP) has attracted attention as an alternative for liquid H 2 O 2 -mediated advanced oxidation processes. However, the slow reduction kinetics of Fe(III) still significantly limit its application. Here, zero valent iron (ZVI) and amorphous boron (B) could remarkably promote the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle in nCP/Fe(III) system to generate various active species (HO•, O 2 −•, and 1O 2) with HO• acting as the predominant role in naphthalene (NAP) degradation. nCP/Fe(III)/ZVI process could achieve 98.2% NAP degradation and 70.6% TOC removal, compared with 97.5% NAP degradation and 56.3% TOC removal in nCP/Fe(III)/B process. ZVI could donate electrons to Fe(III) to generate Fe(II) and itself could also be corroded to release Fe(II). B was stepwise oxidized (B0 to B(I)/B(II) to B 2 O 3) and continuously supplied electrons to Fe(III) to ensure fast and long-lasting Fe(II) generation. Moreover, B 2 O 3 was dissolved as H 3 BO 3 in aqueous solution, which kept the B surface reactive for the continuous reduction of Fe(III). Although the two co-activators showed different promotion mechanisms in nCP/Fe(III) system, both systems exhibited excellent NAP degradation performance in different experimental conditions and various water matrixes. Overall, this study provided the strategies to overcome the limitation of nCP/Fe(III) system and extended its application potential in contaminants remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immortalized cell lines have long been used as model systems to systematically investigate biological processes under controlled and reproducible conditions, providing insights that have greatly advanced cellular biology and medical sciences. Recently, the widely used monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was comprehensively examined to understand mechanistic relationships between the 3D chromatin structure and transcription during the trans-differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. To corroborate these observations in primary cells, we analyze in situ Hi-C and RNA-seq data of human primary monocytes and their differentiated macrophages in comparison to that obtained from the monocytic/macrophagic THP-1 cells. Surprisingly, we find significant differences between the primary cells and the THP-1 cells at all levels of chromatin structure, from loops to topologically associated domains to compartments. Importantly, the compartment-level differences correlate significantly with transcription: those genes that are in A-compartments in the primary cells but are in B-compartments in the THP-1 cells exhibit a higher level of expression in the primary cells than in the THP-1 cells, and vice versa. Overall, the genes in these different compartments are enriched for a wide range of pathways, and, at least in the case of the monocytic cells, their altered expression in certain pathways in the THP-1 cells argues for a less immune cell-like phenotype, suggesting that immortalization or prolonged culturing of THP-1 caused a divergence of these cells from their primary counterparts. It is thus essential to reexamine phenotypic details observed in cell lines with their primary counterparts so as to ensure a proper understanding of functional cell states in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary developments across automotive, aerospace, and military industries, there is an ever-growing demand for lightweight and robust polymer composites. In this study, a ductile epoxy resin, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and silica nanoparticles were used to fabricate nano-fillers/epoxy composites and nano-fillers/silk fibers/epoxy hybrid composites through solution casting and hot pressing. Their mechanical properties and thermal characteristics were analyzed and compared, which show that: these nano-fillers can dramatically enhance the strength and stiffness of the ductile epoxy resin; however, this is achieved at the expense of its toughness and extensibility. CNT/silk fiber/epoxy hybrid composite has the highest tensile strength (81.10 MPa), Young's modulus (3.76 GPa) and impact strength (103.7 kJ/m2), while the CNFs-reinforced one exhibits the highest breaking energy (9.96 MJ/m3). These nano-fillers almost do not affect the thermal stability of the epoxy resin and silk fiber composites. In addition, the fracture modes of their reinforced composites were revealed by macroscopic and microscopic observations. • Reveal how different nano-fillers affect the mechanical behaviors of ductile polymer matrix. • Explore the optimal content of these nano-fillers in the polymer matrix. • Indicate nano-fillers do not affect the thermal stability of their reinforced composites. • Elucidate the composites' fracture modes introduced by silk fibers and different nano-fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• nCP/FeS 2 /CA system could degrade over 90% NAP at a wide pH range of 3–9. • Reductive sulfur species and citric acid played a vital role in Fe(II) regeneration. • nCP/FeS 2 /CA system achieved over 90% of NAP removal in various water matrixes. • Mechanisms of NAP degradation in nCP/FeS 2 /CA system were explored in detail. • NAP degradation intermediates were successfully detoxified. In this research, pyrite was applied in synergy with citric acid for the activation of homemade nano-calcium peroxide to degrade naphthalene in aqueous solution. Results showed that over 90% of naphthalene could be removed within 180 min at a pH range of 3–9 due to the proton-releasing ability of pyrite. Hydroxyl radical, alkyl radical, and singlet oxygen were all detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, with hydroxyl radical playing a dominant role in naphthalene degradation. The nano-calcium peroxide was mainly activated by Fe(II) leached from pyrite in homogeneous ways and the vital role of Fe(III) was also revealed. The superior naphthalene degradation in this system was attributed to the excellent electron-donating capacity of reductive sulfur species in Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle and the increased concentration of available iron species by the chelating effect of citric acid. Meanwhile, the system showed high tolerance to complex water matrixes and excellent degradation performance for other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated olefins. In addition, the naphthalene degradation pathways and the toxicity of detected intermediates were investigated. This research revealed the mechanism of nano-calcium peroxide activation by pyrite coupled with citric acid and demonstrated the great application potential of this system in the treatment of polluted groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization has led to accelerated traffic congestion, posing a significant obstacle to urban development. Traditional traffic signal scheduling methods are often inefficient and cumbersome, resulting in unnecessary waiting times for vehicles and pedestrians, exacerbating the traffic situation. To address this issue, this article proposes a dynamic traffic signal scheduling system based on an improved greedy algorithm. Unlike conventional approaches, we introduce a reward function and a cost model to ensure fair scheduling plans. A constraint function is also established, and the traffic signal scheduling is iterated through the feasible matrix using the greedy algorithm to simplify the decision-making process and enhance solution efficiency. Moreover, an emergency module is integrated to prioritize special emergency vehicles, reducing their response time during emergencies. To validate the effectiveness of our dynamic traffic signal scheduling system, we conducted simulation experiments using the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulation suite and the SUMO traffic control interface Traci. The results indicate that our system significantly improves intersection throughput and adapts well to various traffic conditions, effectively resolving urban traffic congestion while ensuring fair scheduling plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ferrous sulfide (FeS) was introduced to nano calcium peroxide (nCP)/Fe(III) system to facilitate the generation of Fe(II), more than 90% of naphthalene (NAP) could be removed at a wide pH range of 3–9. As a heterogeneous reductant, FeS could mitigate competitive reactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which favored the NAP degradation. As evidenced by scavenging experiments, HO• was the major ROS contributing to NAP degradation. The role of sulfur species (S2−, SO 3 2−, and S 2 O 3 2−) in nCP/Fe(III) system was investigated with S 2 O 3 2− showing the preferable reactivity in Fe(III) reduction. In addition, the surface-bound HO• and surface Fe(II) were detected and the role of them on NAP degradation was revealed and concluded that both dissolved and surface Fe(II) contributed to NAP degradation, whereas surface-bound HO• was not superior to solution HO• in degrading NAP. Furthermore, nCP/Fe(III)/FeS system showed high feasibility to different solution matrixes and various types of water as well as the broad-spectrum reactivity to other toxic organic pollutants, exhibiting promise for practical application to remediate complex contaminants. [Display omitted] • FeS played a vital role in accelerating Fe(II)/Fe(III) circulation. • The competitive reactions in nCP/Fe(III)/FeS system could be minimized. • Mechanisms of NAP degradation in nCP/Fe(III)/FeS system were revealed. • NAP degradation performances in various water matrixes were investigated. • Excellent reactivity for other organic contaminants was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A separate-stator modular machine with biased flux is proposed in this paper. In this machine, the windings and the permanent magnets are located in two separate parts of the stator, which favors the heat dissipation and magnetic saturation reduction of the machine. With the specially designed stator structure, a biased flux can be introduced to flexibly regulate the excitation field by injecting a zero-sequence current into the phase windings, so that a wide operation speed range can be achieved. Moreover, a modular structure is adopted to simplify the automated manufacture assembly. In this paper, the machine configuration and the working principle are first illustrated. The effect of the design parameters on its torque capability is then investigated. A coupled electromagnetic-thermal optimization method based on the genetic algorithm and finite-element method is proposed to improve the torque performance of the machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new permanent magnet (PM) linear motor is proposed. This motor has a special structure with complementary stator flux, which helps to reduce the flux leakage and improve the utilization of the PM. The PMs are installed in a leaning manner, which increases the effective area of the PMs and enhances the field excitation. Hence, the force density of the motor can be improved and it will be, especially suitable for applications within a limited space. The motor structure and working principle are first explained. The design of the motor is then comprehensively investigated. An electromagnetic optimization method based on tabu search algorithm and finite-element method is proposed for the motor to improve its force density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the problem of accurately recovering a structured signal from a small number of corrupted sub-Gaussian measurements. We consider three different procedures to reconstruct signal and corruption when different kinds of prior knowledge are available. In each case, we provide conditions (in terms of the number of measurements) for stable signal recovery from structured corruption with added unstructured noise. Our results theoretically demonstrate how to choose the regularization parameters in both partially and fully penalized recovery procedures and shed some light on the relationships among the three procedures. The key ingredient in our analysis is an extended matrix deviation inequality for isotropic sub-Gaussian matrices, which implies a tight lower bound for the restricted singular value of the extended sensing matrix. Numerical experiments are presented to verify our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localizing a cloud of points from noisy measurements of a subset of pairwise distances has applications in various areas, such as sensor network localization and reconstruction of protein conformations from nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Drineas et al. proposed a natural two-stage approach, named singular value decomposition (SVD)–multidimensional scaling (MDS), for this purpose at the 2006 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. This approach consists of a low-rank matrix completion algorithm, named SVD-reconstruct, to estimate random missing distances, and the classic MDS method to estimate the positions of nodes. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis for this method. More specifically, we first establish error bounds for Euclidean distance matrix completion in both expectation and tail forms. Utilizing these results, we then derive the error bound for the recovered positions of nodes. In order to assess the performance of SVD-reconstruct, we present the minimax lower bound of the zero-diagonal, symmetric, low-rank matrix completion problem by Fano's method. This result reveals that when the noise level is low, the SVD-reconstruct approach for Euclidean distance matrix completion is suboptimal in the minimax sense; when the noise level is high, SVD-reconstruct can achieve the optimal rate up to a constant factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stability as well as robustness is the major concerns in the design of a trajectory tracking controller for an autonomous vehicle. In this paper, a novel lateral stability controller design for vehicle path tracking is developed. First, using dynamic game theory as a general framework, vehicle lateral stability can be viewed as a dynamic difference game so that its two players, namely, the active front steering (AFS) system and active rear steering (ARS) system can work together to provide more stability for vehicle path tracking control. The interactive steering control strategies between AFS and ARS are obtained by noncooperative closed-loop feedback Stackelberg game theory to ensure optimal performance for vehicle path tracking. Then, based on the proposed path-following shared control paradigm, by applying the method of zero-sum game theory, a finite-time robust regulator is developed to make the interaction model more robust to uncertain lateral disturbances. Finally, double-lane change and serpentine driving condition with and without uncertain time-varying lateral disturbance are used to evaluate the proposed control algorithm. Simulation and hardware-in-loop implementation results show that the proposed shared control paradigm based robust path-tracking controller can robustly provide better lateral stability when time-varying lateral disturbances are bounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multi-pollutants could be detected through probe PBD with practical application. • Hydrolysis of C N bond in PBD 's is targeted and catalyzed by Fe3+, Al3+ and Cr3+. • PBD could recognize Hg2+ based on chelation assisted fluorescence quenching. • Mesotrione could fracture C N bond of PBD through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. • This detecting approach contributes the environmental pollutants monitoring. In regards to environmental protection, the detection of metal ions and pesticide residues remains meaningful and challenging. Herein, we report a novel multifunctional fluorescent probe based on a pyrene derivative, 4-[(pyren-1-ylimino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol (PBD), that can recognize Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+ and mesotrione with quantification of the sample being tested. In addition, the PBD probe can detect Hg2+ in a "turn-off" fluorescent mode. It is worth noting that the hydrolysis of carbon–nitrogen double bonds in the PBD Schiff base structure is targeted and catalyzed by Fe3+, Al3+ and Cr3+ cations, while mesotrione can also promote the hydrolysis of Schiff bases through the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Consequently, the PBD probe with weak fluorescence was converted to 1-aminopyrene in a localized state, showing stronger fluorescence. In addition, chelation may lead to fluorescence quenching of the PBD probe in the presence of Hg2+. The quantitative determination of Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+ and mesotrione is achieved in which the limit of detection (LOD) is calculated to be 0.52, 0.30, 0.32 and 0.70 μM, respectively. Hg2+ detection is realized with an LOD of 1.93 μM. Moreover, the sensitive PBD probe is utilized to determine the amount mesotrione in actual water samples, demonstrating its potential practical applications. In addition, the multifunctional PBD probe can be employed for intracellular imaging of Fe3+ and Hg2+ based on its low cytotoxicity and certain water solubility. The present work describes a very competitive fluorescent probe for the detection of different types of pollutants, which is relevant to future research regarding environmental contaminant monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper proposes a point classification method for PQDs based on DAOM. • Hilbert transform (HT) based local feature attention mechanism (LFAM) is proposed. • The classification model optimized-CAM is realized by squeeze-and-excitation network. • The proposed method can identify the type of each sampling point. The rapid development of the power grid makes power quality disturbances (PQDs) more complex. Accurately classifying PQDs and measuring the duration of each disturbance element are both crucial for studying the causes of PQDs and subsequent countermeasures. To satisfy the requirements, a novel dual-attention optimization model (DAOM) is presented in this paper for points classification. First, the local feature attention mechanism (LFAM) based on Hilbert transform (HT) is proposed in the input layer to enhance the local features of PQDs. Subsequently, on the basis of convolutional neural network (CNN), a channel attention mechanism (CAM) based on squeeze-and-excitation network (SENet) is introduced to each convolutional layer to achieve the purpose of automatically learning the importance of each channel feature. Finally, each sampling point is classified in the form of multiclass-multioutput. The proposed model is built through the Keras framework, and a synthetic database containing 49 types of PQDs is established to test the model. The proposal achieves an average classification accuracy of 98.95% in a 30 dB white noise environment, which is more precise and robust than other deep learning-based models. At the same time, the proposed model consistently performs best when evaluated through imbalanced data classification metrics and nonparametric test results. Unlike traditional methods, the proposal can accurately identify the occurrence and end time of each element in complex PQDs. Moreover, through a hardware experiment based on the AC source, the proposed model achieves an average accuracy of 98.30%, which is ahead of other comparison models as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are developed with the use of inflammable solid-state electrolytes to realize higher energy density and improved safety. However, the densification temperature of solid electrolytes via conventional sintering methods is usually high, especially for oxide-type electrolytes. Advanced sintering techniques such as spark plasma sintering have been developed to decrease the heat-treatment temperature and time. Recently, a novel cold sintering process (CSP) has been developed, which offers an alternative route to the densification of many solid-state electrolyte materials below 300 °C. Generally, the CSP involves multi-stage non-equilibrium processes such as dissolution-precipitation under external stress, viscous flow of saturated solutions and diffusion of species. Herein, the CSP application in different solid electrolytes and electrodes are summarized. It is expected that the CSP has great potential in preparing solid-state batteries and solid electrolytes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the reconstruction performance of the generalized orthogonal matching pursuit, an improved method is proposed. Columns are selected from the sensing matrix by generalized orthogonal matching pursuit, and indices of the columns are added to the estimated support set to reconstruct a sparse signal. Those columns contain error columns that can reduce the reconstruction performance. Therefore, the proposed algorithm adds a backtracking process to remove the low-reliability columns from the selected column set. For any k-sparse signal, the proposed method firstly computes the correlation between the columns of the sensing matrix and the residual vector and then selects s columns that correspond to the s largest correlation in magnitude and adds their indices to the estimated support set in each iteration. Secondly, the proposed algorithm projects the measurements onto the space that consists of those selected columns and calculates the projection coefficient vector. When the size of the support set is larger than k, the proposed method will select k high-reliability indices using a search strategy from the support set. Finally, the proposed method updates the estimated support set using the selected k high-reliability indices. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a better recovery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic fracturing aimed at building a network of fractures in hot dry rock (HDR) often induces strong seismic risks. However, few studies have focused on seismic risks, and methods for increasing the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) while reducing seismic risks have not been adequately studied. Therefore, based on the full hydro-mechanical coupling, a seismic-fracturing model with a discrete fracture network (DFN) was developed, and the methods for increasing the SRV while reducing the seismic risk of horizontal wells at the FORGE site in Utah were discussed. The results showed that the fluid channeling effect between each segment is the main reason for the uneven fracture growth in the horizontal well. Additionally, the spatiotemporal evolution of fracturing-induced seismicity shows that the two ends (L1 and L3) of the horizontal well tend to form high stress concentrations and induce larger seismic events than the middle (L2). To solve these problems, a novel hydraulic fracturing method with a differentiated-stage, variable-injection volume suitable for the multi-fracturing of horizontal wells in HDR was proposed. With the application of the method, the SRV of the horizontal well was improved effectively, and the average magnitude induced by hydraulic fracturing was also decreased by 15.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

G and V-type nerve agents represent the most toxic chemical warfare agents. Their primary toxicity was the consequence of the covalent inhibition of the pivotal acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which induces overstimulation of cholinergic receptors and overaccumulation of cholines, eventually leading to death by respiratory arrest. The inhibitory and reactivation kinetics of cholinesterase (ChE) are essential for the toxicology and countermeasures of nerve agents. Medical defensive research on V-type nerve agents (V agents) has been mainly reported on VX and VR. Here we demonstrated the first systematical kinetic analysis between the type of ChE [native or recombinant human AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] and three V agents, including VX, VR, and Vs, another isomer of VX, and highlighted the effects of native and recombinant ChE differences. The spontaneous reactivation and aging kinetics data of Vs-inhibited BChEs were firstly reported here. The results showed that AChE was more easily inhibited by three V agent compared to BChE, regardless of whether it is native or recombinant. The increased inhibitory potency order on AChE was VX, Vs, then VR, and on BChE was VX, then Vs and VR. The difference between native and recombinant ChE could influence the inhibition, aging, and spontaneous reactivation kinetics of three V agents, whether AChE or BChE, which was systematically revealed for the first time. For inhibition kinetics, the k i of three V agents for recombinant AChE was significantly higher than native AChE, and the stronger the inhibitory potency of V agents, the more pronounced difference in k i. In terms of aging and spontaneous reactivation kinetics, recombinant ChE was found to be more prone to spontaneous reactivation, but more resistant to aging compared to native ChE, particularly for AChE. The performed covalent molecular docking results partially explained the effects of differences between native and recombinant ChE on enzyme kinetics from the perspective of binding energy and conformation. • First kinetic analysis and molecular docking between four ChE and VX, Vs, and VR. • Recombinant ChE was more sensitive to V-type nerve agents than native ChE. • Recombinant ChE was prone to spontaneous reactivation but more resistant to aging. • Binding energy and covalent conformation contribute to the partial difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive carbohydrate intake leads to metabolic disorders in fish. However, few literatures have reported the appropriate carbohydrate level for zebrafish, and the metabolic response to dietary carbohydrate remains largely unknown in zebrafish. This study assessed the responses of zebrafish and zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) to different carbohydrate levels. In vivo results showed that ≥30% dietary dextrin levels significantly increased the plasma glucose content, activated the expression of hepatic glycolysis-related genes, and inhibited the expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes in zebrafish. Oil red O staining, triglyceride content, and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining results showed that dietary dextrin levels of ≥30% significantly increased lipid accumulation and liver damage, as well as processes related to glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in zebrafish. In ZFL, the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c signal intensity, 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY 493/503) signal intensity, and triglyceride content were also significantly increased when incubated in high glucose, along with abnormal glycolipid metabolism and increased inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the maximum dietary carbohydrate level in adult zebrafish should be less than 30%. Excess dietary carbohydrates (30%–50%) caused hepatic steatosis and damage to zebrafish, similar to that seen in aquaculture species. Thus, this study assessed responses to different carbohydrate levels in zebrafish and illustrated that zebrafish is an optimal model for investigating glucose metabolism in some aquatic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical continuously variable transmission system is a very promising concept for variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation due to its ability of seamless speed adjustment. In this paper, a novel wind energy conversion system based on electrical continuously variable transmission is proposed. This system combines the merits of two popular wind generation concepts: It enjoys high torque density like the permanent-magnet synchronous generator system and, also, it needs only a partial-scale converter like a doubly fed induction generator system. With a special doubly fed dual rotor structure, the system realizes both speed variation and power generation within one single machine, which makes it very compact. Besides introducing its structure and working principle, the design and performance analysis of the machine are presented in this paper. A prototype is made and tested for validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Effect of ligand substitution on performance of UiO-66 based membrane was revealed. • Electronic effect of substitution governed electrocatalytic activity of membrane. • UiO-66-NO 2 based membrane has high tetracycline removal and self-cleaning ability. Herein, UiO-66-X (X = H, NH 2 , Br, NO 2) were employed to construct the electrocatalytic membranes by blending with conductive graphite and Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for removal of tetracycline under low current density of 0.01 mA/cm2. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the fabricated membrane were investigated systematically. Results showed that ligand substitution reduced the molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) and pure water flux of UiO-66-X based membranes in the order of –Br > –NO 2 > –NH 2 due to the size exclusion effect. In addition, compared with UiO-66, UiO-66 functionalized with electron-donating group (–NH 2) endowed the electrocatalytic membrane with superior anti-fouling ability using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model foulant, and inferior tetracycline removal and self-cleaning property, while the opposite phenomenon occurred for the functionalization of electronic-accepting groups (–Br and –NO 2) owing to the promoted electrocatalytic activity and inhibited oxygen evolution side reaction. Notably, UiO-66-NO 2 /Graphite/PVDF membrane removed 99.5 % of tetracycline and flux of fouled membrane was almost fully recovered by electric field for six cycles under low current density of 0.01 mA/cm2. •OH and •O 2 – radicals played dominant roles in tetracycline removal by electrocatalytic membranes and three degradation pathways of tetracycline were proposed according to the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Electrically-driven self-cleaning mechanism was related to the reduced fouling potential of BSA after oxidation degradation. This work gets new insights into the effect of ligand substitution on the performance of Zr-MOFs based electrocatalytic membrane for antibiotics removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C66H44N6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.773(2) Å, b = 14.406(3) Å, c = 18.385(4) Å, α = 72.64(3)°, β = 82.10(3)°, γ = 76.90(3)°, V = 2399.5(8) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0546, wRref(F2) = 0.1559, T = 153(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a shoe-sole-embedded power harvester which can extract power from walking to charge portable or mobile electronic devices. The core component of the design is a combination of a trans-rotary magnetic gear (TRMG) and a disk-type axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator. The key idea is to convert linear foot motion into rotation using the TRMG, so that the AFPM can be driven to generate electric power. The proposed energy harvester has a high power density due to its electromagnetic nature. Moreover, by integrating a TRMG, it eliminates the mechanical problems caused by the conventional transmission mechanisms, which also makes it compact in size. Besides introducing its structure and working principle, the design procedure is presented and its performance is analyzed using the finite-element method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Li6Zr2O7 nanofibers were synthesized by a simple electrospinning technique. The thermal decomposition behavior, crystal structure, micromorphology, and electrical conductivity of the as-prepared Li6Zr2O7 nanofibers were characterized. The results show that Li6Zr2O7 nanofibers were of pure phase after calcined at 750°C for 1 h. In addition, the as-prepared Li6Zr2O7 nanofibers reveal high conductivity in the measured temperature region, which can be attributed to the huge surface and nanosize effect of the nanofiber electrolyte. Moreover, we provide a general method to improve the conductivity of Li-ion solid electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel gearless and brushless power-split transmission system is proposed for a variable speed constant frequency wind power generation application. The key is to design a special hybrid axial–radial flux focusing structure, which has an improved utilization of permanent magnet (PM) materials. This design integrates the merits of two popular concepts—the direct-drive PM generator and the doubly fed induction generator. It is direct driven, with high torque density and in the meanwhile, it needs only a partial-scale converter. To improve the stability of the system, five phase currents are used for the control winding. A time stepping finite-element method is used to analyze the dynamic performance of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the sequential regulation signals of high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced hepatic lipid deposition in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, containing 25% (normal carbohydrate diet, NCD) and 45% (HCD) corn starch, were formulated to feed gibel carp (14.82 ± 0.04 g) for 8 weeks. The experimental fish were sampled at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week. In HCD group, the hyperlipidemia and significant hepatic lipid deposition (oil red O area and triglyceride content) was found at 4th, 6th, and 8th week, while the significant hyperglycemia was found at 2nd, 4th, and 8th week, compared to NCD group (P < 0.05). HCD induced hepatic lipid deposition via increased hepatic lipogenesis (acc, fasn, and acly) but not decreased hepatic lipolysis (hsl and cpt1a). When compared with NCD group, HCD significantly elevated the hepatic sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1 (SREBP1) signals (positive hepatocytes and fluorescence intensity) at 4th, 6th, and 8th week (P < 0.05). The hepatic SREBP1 signals increased from 2nd to 6th week, but decreased at 8th week due to substantiated insulin resistance (plasma insulin levels, plasma glucose levels, and P-AKTSer473 levels) in HCD group. Importantly, the hepatic carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) signals (positive hepatocytes, fluorescence intensity, and expression levels) were all significantly elevated by HCD-induced glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) accumulation at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week (P < 0.05). Compared to 2nd and 4th week, the hepatic ChREBP signals and G6P contents was significantly increased by HCD at 6th and 8th week (P < 0.05). The HCD-induced G6P accumulation was caused by the significantly increased expression of hepatic gck, pklr, and glut2 (P < 0.05) but not 6pfk at 4th, 6th, and 8th week, compared to NCD group. These results suggested that the HCD-induced hepatic lipid deposition was mainly promoted by SREBP1 in earlier stage and by ChREBP in later stage for gibel carp. This study revealed the sequential regulation pathways of the conversion from feed carbohydrate to body lipid in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies are needed to improve repopulation of decellularized lung scaffolds with stromal and functional epithelial cells. We demonstrate that decellularized mouse lungs recellularized in a dynamic low fluid shear suspension bioreactor, termed the rotating wall vessel (RWV), contained more cells with decreased apoptosis, increased proliferation and enhanced levels of total RNA compared to static recellularization conditions. These results were observed with two relevant mouse cell types: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) and alveolar type II cells (C10). In addition, MSCs cultured in decellularized lungs under static but not bioreactor conditions formed multilayered aggregates. Gene expression and immunohistochemical analyses suggested differentiation of MSCs into collagen I-producing fibroblast-like cells in the bioreactor, indicating enhanced potential for remodeling of the decellularized scaffold matrix. In conclusion, dynamic suspension culture is promising for enhancing repopulation of decellularized lungs, and could contribute to remodeling the extracellular matrix of the scaffolds with subsequent effects on differentiation and functionality of inoculated cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The doubly fed dual-rotor flux-modulated (DFDRFM) machine is a promising electrical continuously variable transmission (E-CVT) concept for the hybrid electric vehicles as it has two mechanical ports and two electrical ports, which are highly desirable for E-CVT. In this paper, a novel DFDRFM machine is proposed. Compared with previous designs, the most prominent merits are its compactness and robustness. In addition, it is easy to manufacture. After introducing its structure and working principle, the influence of dimensions on its torque and loss is analyzed. A genetic algorithm and finite-element method-based design optimization method, which aims to increase the efficiency of the proposed machine, is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a novel gearless and brushless power split transmission system for variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation application. The core element of this system is a novel axial-flux doubly fed dual-rotor permanent magnet machine. The key of the design is to utilize the flux modulation principle to modulate the magnetic flux in an axial-flux machine and use doubly fed stator winding to control the rotor rotation. This design combines the merits of direct-drive machines and doubly fed generators. As the mechanical problems related to brushes, slip rings, and gear boxes are successfully overcome, the operational reliability of the system is improved. The stator winding of the proposed system can be directly connected to the power grid, and the power rating of its associated frequency converter is reduced. Time-stepping finite-element method is used to analyze the dynamic performance of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with mechanical gears, a magnetic gear (MG) has many merits by virtue of its contactless feature, high efficiency and inherent overload protection. In this paper, a novel MG with intersecting shaft axes based on the flux modulation effect is proposed. Compared with previous MGs, the transmission direction of the novel MG can be designed very flexibly and it also has good competitive edge in relation to the use of permanent magnets, which enables it to have a relatively high-torque density. The working principle and performance are validated by an example design using finite element method. The effects of the dimensional parameters on the torque performance are analyzed. It is also verified that the torque density can be further improved by adopting a flux concentration configuration in its rotor design. It is concluded from the torque per unit volume density performance that the novel MG is very promising as a substitute to conventional gears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a hybrid-excited electric continuous variable transmission system for hybrid electric vehicles. The key of this paper is to develop a machine with dual mechanical port and dual electrical port to allow the mechanical power from the internal combustion engine and the electrical power from the electricity storage system to be combined and split according to different driving conditions. The main merit is that the radial flux and axial flux hybrid PM machine windings can be independently designed and continuously controlled. The magnets are innovatively arranged in a flux-concentration configuration to provide radial and axial magnetic excitations that interact with both stator windings as well as improving the torque density. The magnetic field distribution and the static and dynamic performances of the proposed machine are analyzed using the time-stepping finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor HNA has been successfully designed and prepared for mesotrione detection with low LODs. This detecting approach presents a new method for acetophenone-type herbicide determination with high sensitivity and easy operation based on the probe with general C=N of Schiff base structure. [Display omitted] • Fluorescent probe HNA is successfully synthesized for mesotrione detection. • HNA shows high accuracy for quantitative mesotrione sensing in real samples. • Competition of intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds may exist in system. • Strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds promote the C = N double bond cleavage. • This approach presents a novel method for acetophenone-type herbicide detection.. Schiff bases are generally utilized to detect and quantitatively analyze metallic cations and anions. However, pesticide detection based on Schiff base structure has not been reported so far. Mesotrione is a kind of triketone 4-hydroxy-phenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor whereas excessive use of mesotrione produces residues causing a negative impact on the environment. Herein, we report a Schiff base type probe 6-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-n-butyl-naphthalimide (HNA) which can switch on in a fluorescence mode in response to mesotrione efficiently, enabling the quantification of testing sample. It is worth mentioning that the simple and direct cleavage of the targeted carbon–nitrogen double bond of Schiff base in probe is proved to be triggered by acetophenyl unit in mesotrione which may be ascribed from the competition equilibrium between the intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. As a result, the non-fluorescent probe with photo-induced electron transfer process is converted to the precursor of the probe with strong fluorescence. Further results reveal that the strong electronegativity of carbonyl carbon atom in acetophenone group is capable of improving the detection capability of probe. Aided by the switch-on change of fluorescence, the quantitative determination of mesotrione is realized with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 μM with potentials of quantitative sensing in real water samples. Moreover, two other probes bearing pyrene and Schiff base structure are synthesized and exhibit the feasibility of mesotrione detection with LODs of 0.43 μM and 3.20 μM, respectively. The present work provides a novel and convenient method for the detection of mesotrione with high sensitivity and easy operation based on the probe with general C = N of Schiff base structure, which greatly benefit for the future research regarding to the acetophenone-type herbicide sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We provide another framework of iterative algorithms based on thresholding, feedback and null space tuning for sparse signal recovery arising in sparse representations and compressed sensing. Several thresholding algorithms with various feedbacks are derived. Convergence results are also provided. The core algorithm is shown to converge in finitely many steps under a (preconditioned) restricted isometry condition. The algorithms are seen as exceedingly effective and fast, particularly for large scale problems. Numerical studies about the effectiveness and the speed of the algorithms are also presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel electrical continuously variable transmission (E-CVT) system for hybrid electric vehicles is presented. The merits of the system, which is comprised of a magnetic gear (MG) integrated permanent magnet brushless machine, are its compactness, light weight, very high torque density, and simple structure. The integrated MG is ingeniously used to greatly amplify its output torque. It serves the functions of both power splitting and coupling. The drawbacks of mechanical gears or brushes in traditional systems are overcome. A design method based on finite element method for maximizing the torque output of the machine is presented and the performance of the machine in the E-CVT system is validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Biguanides decorated albumin which has synergistic antitumor effect was synthesized. • The nintedanib loaded modified albumin nanoparticles improved the anti-tumor effect. • The nintedanib loaded nanoparticles regulated the tumor microenvironment. • Draws a novel clue for enhancing the hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Nintedanib (ND) was known as a triple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibiting angiogenesis and tissue fibrosis. Biguanide group has attracted much attention for its great penetrating ability to the lipid bilayer of cytomembrane and potential anti-cancer efficacy. In this study, a biguanide group (p -biguanidinobenzoic acid, CBH) decorated bovine serum albumin (CBH-AB) was synthesized as a novel functional biomaterial to prepare the ND loaded CBH-AB nanoparticles (ND-CBH-AB NPs). The results of physical and chemical properties showed that ND-CBH-AB NPs possessed high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency. In vitro cell study indicated that CBH modification on ND-CBH-AB NPs enhanced the cyctotoxicities to HepG2 cells. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic study showed that ND-CBH-AB NPs had good stability in circulation. Finally, pharmacodynamic studies were conducted, the results indicated that ND-CBH-AB NPs exhibited excellent anti-tumor effect and tumor microenvironment regulation effect. Thereby, this work provides a potential function albumin delivery system for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressed sensing with sparse frame representations is seen to have much greater range of practical applications than that with orthonormal bases. In such settings, one approach to recover the signal is known as \ell 1-analysis. We expand in this paper the performance analysis of this approach by providing a weaker recovery condition than existing results in the literature. Our analysis is also broadly based on general frames and alternative dual frames (as analysis operators). As one application to such a general-dual-based approach and performance analysis, an optimal-dual-based technique is proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of using alternative dual frames as analysis operators. An iterative algorithm is outlined for solving the optimal-dual-based \ell 1-analysis problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method and algorithm is demonstrated through several experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

[Display omitted] • A high-efficiency blue emitter is obtained based on pyrene[4,5- d ]imidazole and pyrene. • The nondoped blue OLED shows the maximum EQE of 9.13% with maximum exciton utilization efficiency of 65%. • Extremely small efficiency roll-offs of 0.9% and 6.9% are realized at high brightness of 10,000 and 50000 cd m−2. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been explored and utilized in many fields of flat-panel displays nowadays because of their plentiful advantages such as lightweight, high flexibility, high picture quality, etc., and are hopeful to be the next-generation displays. However, improvements to the efficiency of blue OLEDs are still vital to OLEDs as replacements for liquid crystal display technology. A blue light-emitting material is one of the key components in the preparation of OLED displays. Designing molecule based on donor–acceptor (D-A) structure with a hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state is a appealing strategy for providing an efficient OLED with high external quantum efficiency through efficacious exciton utilization. Herein, a highly efficient blue emitter, PyI-Py, is constructed combining pyrene[4,5- d ]imidazole (weak donor) and pyrene (weak acceptor). The non-doped blue OLED exhibits excellent performance with a maximum current efficiency of 15.74 cd A−1, a maximum external quantum efficiency (η ext) of 9.13% and a maximum brightness of as high as 91097 cd m−2 which is rarely obtained for a non-doped blue OLED. Moreover, the η ext can reach 9.05% at very high brightness of 10000 cd m−2, displaying extremely low efficiency roll-off of 0.9% which displays great superiorities in contrast with most thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials. The device characteristics lie among the highest values in non-doped blue OLEDs based on HLCT emitter and correspond to the best performance achieved for non-doped pyrene-based blue OLEDs to date. A maximum exciton utilization efficiency of 65% is harvested. The superior performance is attributed to the proper donor–acceptor design strategy which results in a HLCT excited state with the generation of a high proportion of singlet excitons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]