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Hierarchical nanoporous carbons combining pore sizes of different length scales are highly important for separation processes. However, critical questions remain regarding the hierarchical structure regulation and the molecular mechanisms of gaseous adsorbate uptake and interactions within the hierarchical nanoporous carbons. These materials present characterization challenges in that there are no experimental techniques that can elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the organic compounds and CO2 within the materials. We deployed multidimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to generate maps of guest-framework interactions as a function of adsorbate concentrations and adsorption times. The NMR spectra provide insight toward the design of effective hierarchical pore structures. Our materials show a high volatile organic compounds/CO2 physisorption capacity, which reveals promising application to carbon-capture strategies to mitigate global warming.

EMT dysfunction is a dominant mechanisms of hypospadias. Thus, identification of EMT‐related lncRNAs based on transcriptome sequencing data of hypospadias might provide novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets for hypospadias. First, the microarray data related to hypospadias were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Besides, the differentially expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) related to EMT were screened to construct lncRNA‐mRNA co‐expression interaction pairs. In addition, the microRNA (miRNA) prediction analysis was performed through bioinformatics methods to construct a ceRNA network. Moreover, function prediction and function enrichment and pathway analyses were also performed. Finally, the core EMT‐related lncRNAs were verified based on mRNA expression changes and cell functions. A total of 6 EMT‐related lncRNAs were identified and 123 mRNA‐lncRNA co‐expression interaction pairs were screened in this study. Additionally, a ceRNA regulatory network comprising 17 mRNAs, 4 lncRNAs, and 28 miRNAs was constructed based on the prediction of hypospadias‐related miRNAs. The validation results of the dataset GSE121712 revealed that only BEX1 was positively correlated with the expression of the lncRNA GNAS‐AS1 (r = 0.874, P < 0.01), both of which had high expression. The cell experiment results demonstrated that interfering with the expression of GNAS‐AS1 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and EMT of cells. Importantly, it was confirmed that GNAS‐AS1 can serve as a ceRNA and play an important role in the EMT of hypospadias. Hence, it may be considered as a potential target in the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the process of an acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) necessitates the use of Iridium dioxygen (IrO2), which is both expensive and incredibly scarce on Earth. Ruthenium dioxygen (RuO2) offers high activity for acidic OERs and presents a potential substitution for IrO2. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by its relatively poor stability. In this study, we have developed Mn–doped RuO2 (Mn–RuO2) nanoarrays that are anchored on a titanium (Ti) mesh utilizing a two–step methodology involving the preparation of MnO2 nanoarrays followed by a subsequent Ru exchange and annealing process. By precisely optimizing the annealing temperature, we have managed to attain a remarkably low overpotential of 217 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The enhanced catalytic activity of our Mn–RuO2 nanoarrays can be attributed to the electronic modification brought about by the high exposure of active sites, Mn dopant, efficient mass transfer, as well as the efficient transfer of electrons between the Ti mesh and the catalyst arrays. Furthermore, these self–supported Mn–RuO2 nanoarrays demonstrated excellent long–term stability throughout a chronoamperometry test lasting for 100 h, with no discernible changes observed in the Ru chemical states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water electrolysis is a compelling method for the production of environmentally friendly hydrogen, minimizing carbon emissions. The electrolysis of water heavily relies on an effective and steady oxygen evolution reaction (OER) taking place at the anode. Herein, we introduce a highly promising catalyst for OER called CoSe2@NiFeOOH arrays, which are supported on nickel foam. This catalyst, referred to as CoSe2@NiFeOOH/NF, is fabricated through a two-step process involving the selenidation of a Co-based porous metal organic framework and subsequent electrochemical deposition on nickel foam. The CoSe2@NiFeOOH/NF catalyst demonstrates outstanding activity for the OER in an alkaline electrolyte. It exhibits a low overpotential (η) of 254 mV at 100 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 73 mV dec−1, and excellent high stability. The good performance of CoSe2@NiFeOOH/NF can be attributed to the combination of the high conductivity of the inner layer and the synergistic effect between CoSe2 and NiFeOOH. This study offers an effective method for the fabrication of highly efficient catalysts for an OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Er: YAG laser pumped by a xenon lamp emits laser light, the energy, frequency and pulse width of the emitted light are closely related to the discharge of the xenon lamp. This article uses the 8MHz external crystal oscillator that comes with the STM32F4 development board, generates a clock source through frequency division and frequency multiplication, and configures a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to control the laser. Since the signals sent by the development board are weak signals, it is necessary to design a corresponding drive circuit to amplify the power of the signal. Finally, the voltage of the pulsed xenon lamp is adjustable from 0 to 1400V, and the pulse width is adjustable from 50 to 300μs to achieve stable laser output.

The reuse of powdered activated carbon (PAC) vitally determines the economics and security of the PAC‐based adsorption process, while state‐of‐the‐art PAC regeneration technologies are usually unsatisfactory. Here, it is demonstrated that isolated Fe sites anchored on commercial PAC enable fast H2O2 activation to produce Fe‐based reactive oxygen species for highly efficient PAC regeneration at room temperature. Taking rhodamine B as a representative pollutant, PAC decorated with isolated Fe sites realize H2O2 based regeneration with negligible adsorption capacity degradation for 10 cycles. Moreover, in terms of the PAC loss rate, this technology is greatly superior to traditional Fenton‐based regeneration technology. Further operando experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the high regeneration performance can be attributed to the isolated HOFeO motifs, which activate H2O2 via a nonradical reaction pathway. These findings provide a very promising strategy toward reducing the cost of H2O2‐based PAC regeneration technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]