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Crustacean shells, waste from the seafood industry, have been identified as a potential sustainable material for the adsorption of lead, a potent heavy metal found in the discharge of industrial processes. The dynamics and kinetics of its performance were evaluated in batch experiments under pH, temperature, time, and initial concentration. A unique and non-intuitive key finding was that among the native components of the crab shell matrix, i.e., chitin, protein, and calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate was instrumental in sequestration. The role of protein was minimal, whereas the efficiency of chitin in lead complexation was linked to the lead atomic radius, which, of the crab shell components, we determined was very prone to interacting with chitin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is a promising approach for preventing, diagnosing, and treating COVID-19 and related viral diseases.

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is an important industrial diol that could function in various fields. Currently, there are many substrates used for 2,3-BDO biosynthesis, but studies using green carbon sources such as corncob hydrolysate as a substrate are lacking. As a widely distributed waste lignocellulose-derived substrate, corncob hydrolysate is nutrient-rich and cost-effective. The present study evaluated 2,3-BDO production via an Enterobacter cholerae strain using corncob hydrolysate as carbon source. Chemical component analysis showed that concentrated corncob hydrolysate contained 233 g/L total sugar and showed no inhibitory effect, but it was beneficial for 2,3-BDO synthesis. Optimization experiments for fermentation resulted in a titer of 47.23 g/L 2,3-BDO with a yield of 0.30 g/g and a productivity rate of 0.66 g/L•h. This study is expected to provide insights for large-scale bioproduction of bulk chemicals utilizing corncob hydrolysates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Approximately 89 million metric tonnes of organic chemicals and lubricants are produced annually in the United States (T.M. Carole, J. Pellegrino, and M.D. Paster. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 115, 871 [...]

The residual lignins from pulps and effluent lignins from oxygen delignification effluents were characterized using pyrolysis--gas chromatography--mass spectrometry in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The results indicated that oxidation under alkali oxygen conditions can induce fragmentation in lignin and produce more acid groups, but the lignin maintains most of its [C.sub.6]-[C.sub.3] units. Oxygen delignification also led to a decrease in diphenyl structures in the residual lignin and an enrichment in concentration of lignin carbohydrate complex structures. Key words: residual lignin, pyrolysis, oxygen delignification. Faisant appel a la spectrometrie de masse couplee a la chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec pyrolyse en presence d'hydroxyde de tetramethylammonium, on a caracterise les lignines residuelles de pulpes et d'effluents de lignines provenant de la delignification des effluents. Les resultats indiquent que l'oxydation dans des conditions impliquant de l'oxygene en milieu alcalin peut induire une fragmentation de la lignine et conduire a une production accrue de groupes acides, mais que la lignine maintient la plupart de ses unites [C.sub.6]-[C.sub.3]. La delignification a l'oxygene conduit aussi a une diminution des structures diphenyles dans la lignine residuelle et a une augmentation dans la concentration des structures << LCC >>. Mots cles : lignine residuelle, pyrolyse, delignification a l'oxygene. [Traduit par la Redaction]

The photophysics and potential photochemistry of polyfluorinated microcavities is highlighted. The application of cation-exchangeable type clays in the intercalation of metalloporphyrin molecules is explained.