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Abstract The Tibetan Plateau glaciers, among the world’s most remote and pristine places, provide water to millions and play a vital environmental role. We measured the lead isotopic composition in a dusty ice core from the Guliya ice cap in northwest Tibet, from approximately 36 thousand years Before Present (Stone Age) to 2015, to determine the onset and sources of anthropogenic lead. Despite the dust-laden nature of the core, a clear change in the lead isotope signature to below Stone Age levels started in 1949 followed by a rapid decrease in 1960 and an even more rapid decrease in 1974 indicating the first emergence of anthropogenic lead. Accurate isotopic lead measurements allowed us to better, and more sensitively, quantify sources using a Bayesian mixing model. Chinese gasoline was the primary anthropogenic source surpassing natural contributions in the 2000s until 2007 when emissions from leaded gasoline decreased and those from coal and lead-zinc ores increased.

ABSTRACT: Low crude protein (CP) diets can reduce nitrogen (N) excretion and costs by increasing N utilization efficiency. Exogenous proteases may further improve protein digestibility in low CP diets. This study first evaluated in vitro the efficacy of a multiprotease on amino acid (AA) release from feedstuffs and broiler feed. Later, a broiler study evaluated the effect of feeding corn-soybean meal diets containing 3 CP levels (17, 19, and 21% CP) with supplementation on top of 0 or 2,400 U/kg multiprotease on chicken growth performance, total tract CP, and ileal AA digestibilities, and energy utilization. Ross 708 male chickens were placed in 42 cages and assigned to 6 treatments resulting from a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Three isocaloric basal diets were formulated to reduce CP, but all diets maintained digestible Lys:CP in 5.47% and the same ideal protein profile. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. On average, the multiprotease increased (P < 0.05) in vitro free AA release by 27.81% in most feedstuffs evaluated compared to the control. For broiler feed, 1,200 U/g multiprotease addition improved (P < 0.001) in vitro free AA release by 18.90%. This multiprotease showed interaction effects (P < 0.05) on chicken FCR, energy, and CP digestibility. As expected, BW at 24 d, BW gain, and FCR (8–24 d) worsened (P < 0.001) as dietary CP reduced from 21 to 17%, and multiprotease addition did not improve (P > 0.05) these parameters. BW gain decreased by 12.9% when N intake was reduced from 49.32 to 38.49 g/bird. Multiprotease supplementation improved (P < 0.01) AMEn by 71 kcal/kg, CP digestibility from 59.45 to 63.51%, ileal AA digestibility, and DM digestibility from 67.08 to 73.49%, but only in the 21% CP diet. No differences in ileal AA digestibility due to CP level (P > 0.05) were detected, except for Cys digestibility (P < 0.01). In conclusion, low CP diets reduced growth performance and improved N utilization but negatively affected energy utilization efficiency. Exogenous multiprotease supplementation improved AME, AMEn, protein, ileal AA, and DM digestibility in the 21% CP diet without significantly affecting growth performance.

This article presents a participatory research project developed in a school in Cantabria (Spain) that has sought to enhance the participation of the educational community to transform the school. The article focuses on the analysis of the contributions of the students (children from 3 to 12 years of age), key agents and promoters of change. Pedagogical documentation has been used as a tool to narrate the development of this research and to encourage subsequent reflection. The students have experienced what it means to participate, to listen, to be listened to, to feel recognised and to exert influence in their own lives. The results go beyond mere changes in the configuration and use of spaces. The project has made it possible to think of the school as a forum for citizen participation, favouring the experience of a democratic school, the development of otherness, the feeling of belonging and the experience of community.

Abstract Understanding the long‐term radiation environment at the surface of Mars allows us to estimate the exposure for future robotic and crewed missions. Typically, the radiation environment includes charged particles (i.e., protons and heavier ions) and neutral particles (i.e., gamma rays and secondary neutrons). Previous studies used in‐situ measurements, models, or both to determine the characteristics of the radiation at Mars. For example, the Mars Science Laboratory instrument, the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), has provided invaluable in‐situ data since landing in 2012. However, the RAD instrument is only sensitive to neutrons with energies > ∼6 MeV and therefore misses what is expected to be a substantial flux of lower‐energy neutrons. To address this gap, we have developed an approach to derive the surface neutron spectrum using the MSL RAD data augmented by orbital data from the High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) onboard Mars Odyssey (neutron energy

The reliable supply of safe drinking water is vital for the health of human populations. Despite this, there is no consistent nationwide spatial dataset of water distribution zones (WDZ) for Aotearoa New Zealand (A-NZ). The purpose of this data article is to describe the development and validation of a consistent nationwide dataset of WDZ across A-NZ. We obtained spatial data from all 67 district and city councils through: 1) information requests between 2021 and 2023; 2) the Ministry of Health and; 3) the Institute of Environmental Science and Research. Data were modified to improve the spatial accuracy of the WDZ using auxiliary data on the building footprints (Land Information New Zealand) and the drinking water reticulation (WSP & councils). We estimated the population served by each WDZ through spatial linking to meshblock-level data provided by Statistics New Zealand (meshblocks are the smallest administrative geographic unit in A-NZ). The dataset will be useful to provide insights into the extent of the publicly-owned drinking water assets in A-NZ and is essential for the accurate exposure assessment in epidemiological research investigating the impact of drinking water quality on human health.

Himalayan glaciers are melting due to atmospheric warming, with the potential to limit access to water for more than 25 % of the global population that resides in these glacier meltwater catchments. Black carbon has been implicated as a factor that is contributing to Himalayan glacier melt, but its sources and mechanisms of delivery to the Himalayas remain controversial. Here, we provide a 211-year ice core record spanning 1781–1992 CE for refractory black carbon (rBC) deposition from the Dasuopu glacier ice core that has to date provided the highest-elevation ice core record (7200 m). We report an average rBC concentration of 1.5 µg L−1 (SD=5.0, n=1628) over the 211-year period. An increase in the frequency and magnitude of rBC deposition occurs after 1877 CE, accompanied by decreased snow accumulation associated with a shift in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index to a positive phase. Typically, rBC is deposited onto Dasuopu glacier during the non-monsoon season, and short-lived increases in rBC concentration are associated with periods of drought within neighboring regions in northwestern India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Using a combination of spectral and back-trajectory analyses, as well as a comparison with a concurrent analysis of trace metals at equivalent depths in the same ice core, we show that biomass burning resulting from dry conditions is a source of rBC to the central Himalaya and is responsible for deposition that is up to 60 times higher than the average rBC concentration over the time period analyzed. We suggest that biomass burning is a significant source of rBC to the central Himalaya and that the rBC record can be used to identify periods of drought in nearby regions that are upwind of Dasuopu glacier.

Background and Aim: The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the feed of poultry, has contributed to an increase in the antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens worldwide. Hence, the development of new effective alternatives to antibiotics that do not hinder productivity is imperative. For this, the aim of the present study was to determine whether oregano essential oil (OEO) extracted from Lippia origanoides is a suitable alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics (GPAs) for improving the performance, egg quality, and intestinal morphometry of ISA Brown laying hens. Materials and Methods: A total of ninety-six 70-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with four replicates per treatment and six hens per replicate. The treatments consisted of four different diets that were formulated according to the nutritional requirements of the genetic line and the production phase with and without the addition of GPA and OEO: NC, which did not contain OEO or GPA; GPA, which included 50 ppm zinc bacitracin as a GPA; 80OEO, which included 80 ppm OEO and no GPA; and 150OEO, which included 150 ppm OEO and no GPA. Results: All of the OEO and GPA treatment groups had a better feed conversion ratio than the NC group. However, the addition of 150 ppm OEO to the diet improved the percentage egg production and egg mass, as well as the external and internal quality of the egg compared with the other treatments. In addition, both the 80OEO and 150OEO treatments improved the yolk color, shell thickness, and shell color, as well as parameters related to the intestinal morphometry compared with the NC group. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that 150 ppm OEO can be used as a substitute for GPA to improve the performance, egg quality, and parameters related to the intestinal morphometry of ISA Brown laying hens.

Mountain glaciers have generally experienced an accelerated retreat over the last 3 decades as a rapid response to current global warming. However, the response to previous warm periods in the Holocene is not well-described for glaciers of the southern Europe mountain ranges, such as the Pyrenees. The situation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (900–1300 CE) is particularly relevant since it is not certain whether the southern European glaciers just experienced significant ice loss or whether they actually disappeared. We present here the first chronological study of a glacier located in the Central Pyrenees (NE Spain), Monte Perdido Glacier (MPG), carried out by different radiochronological techniques and a comparison with geochemical proxies from neighbouring palaeoclimate records. The chronological model evidences that the glacier persisted during the Roman period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly. The apparent absence of ice in the past ∼ 600 years suggests that any ice accumulated during the Little Ice Age has since ablated. This interpretation is supported by measured concentrations of anthropogenic metals, including Zn, Se, Cd, Hg and Pb, which have concentrations well below those typical of industrial-age ice measured at other glaciers in Europe. This study strengthens the general understanding that warming of the past few decades has been exceptional for the past 2 millennia.

Background: Two biotypes of Aberdeen Angus cattle breed, known as Old Type and New Type, that differ in their origin and beef production are formally recognized. In Colombia, this breed has been commercialized for approximately 80 years. Studies on the origin, kinship and levels of genetic diversity of this breed in Colombian herds are scarce, yet important for planning crossing and management strategies. Objective: To measure the genetic diversity and structure of two Colombian herds of Old Type and New Type biotypes of Aberdeen Angus from Huila and Cundinamarca provinces and assess mitochondrial introgression with other breeds. Methods: A set of ten microsatellites and sequences of the Mitochondrial Control Region were characterized. Estimators of genetic diversity and population differentiation along with tests of population assignment were applied. Results: Nuclear loci were highly polymorphic as shown by the Polymorphic Information Content (0.599) and the Probability of Identity (1.896 10-08). Both populations were highly diverse and clearly differentiated into two groups corresponding to the Old Type and New Type phenotypes. In contrast, mitochondrial data failed to distinguish these two groups and showed extensive admixture. Conclusions: This study optimized a set of ten highly polymorphic nuclear markers that may be used for parentage and population genetic studies of Aberdeen Angus. Genetic differentiation in these loci agreed with phenotypic differences of the Old and New Types. However, mitochondrial data indicated ancestry of multiple European breeds in the origin of Colombian Aberdeen Angus.

Proteins from Melipona beecheii honey were purified by concanavalin A (conA) affinity chromatography and eluted with a stepwise glucose gradient into fractions named F2-F5. The conA-unbound fraction (F1) was further separated by molecular exclusion into fractions named MbF1-1,2 and MbF1-3. All fractions were evaluated for antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens and antioxidant capacity. F1 fraction possessed highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium, E. coli and P. aeruginosa with MIC’s 1.4 ± 0.2, 15 ± 1, 39 ± 2, 1 ± 0.1, and 75 ± 2 µg/mL, respectively. F1, MbF1-1,2 and MbF1-3 had bactericidal effect except against P. aeruginosa. When the antioxidant capacity of the fractions was determined, F2 had the highest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.4 ± 0.4 µg/µL) and reducing power of Fe(III) (IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.2 µg/µL). We provide evidence that M. beecheii honey proteins possess broad spectrum antibacterial and antioxidant activity, the latter probably through their reducing agent and free radical scavenger properties.

Over the last 4 decades, Asian countries have undergone substantial economic development, leading to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Consequently, fossil fuel consumption has risen dramatically, worsening the air quality in Asia. Fossil fuel combustion emits particulate matter containing toxic metals that can adversely affect living organisms, including humans. Thus, it is imperative to investigate the temporal and spatial extent of metal pollution in Asia. Recently, we reported a continuous and high-resolution 1650–1991 ice core record from the Guliya ice cap in northwestern Tibet, China, showing contamination of Cd, Pb, and Zn during the 20th century. Here, we present a new continuous and high-resolution ice core record of trace metals from the Guliya ice cap that comprises the years between 1971 and 2015, extending the 1650–1991 ice core record into the 21st century. Non-crustal Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni enrichments increased have since the 1990s relative to the 1971–1990 period, reaching a maximum in 2008. The enrichments of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni increased by ∼75 %, 35 %, 30 %, and 10 %, respectively, during the 2000–2015 period relative to 1971–1990. The observed trace element (TE) enrichments likely originated primarily from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, with contributions from industrial processes and agricultural activities from South Asia (Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Nepal), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), and the Xinjiang province in western China. This new record demonstrates that the current emissions in Asia impact remote high-altitude glaciers in the region.

Asian aeolian dust is a primary factor in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric dynamics. Predicting past and future changes in atmospheric circulation patterns relies in part on sound knowledge of Central Asian dust properties and the dust cycle. Unfortunately for that region, data are too sparse to constrain the variation in dust composition over time. Here, we evaluate the potential of a Tibetan ice core to provide a comprehensive paleo-atmospheric dust record and thereby reduce uncertainties regarding mineral aerosols’ feedback on the climate system. We present the first datasets of the mineralogical, geochemical, and Sr-Nd isotope composition of aeolian dust preserved in pre-Holocene layers of two ice cores from the Guliya ice cap (Kunlun Mountains). The composition of samples from the Summit (GS; 6710 m a.s.l.) and Plateau (GP; 6200 m a.s.l.) cores reveals that the characteristics of the dust in the cores’ deepest ice layers are significantly different. The deepest GS layers reveal isotopic values that correspond to aeolian particles from the Taklimakan desert, contain a mix of fine and coarse grains, and include weathering-sensitive material suggestive of a dry climate at the source. The deep GP layers primarily consist of unusual nodules of well size-sorted grey clay enriched in weathering-resistant minerals and elements typically found in geothermal waters, suggesting that the dust preserved in the oldest GP layers originates from a wet and possibly anoxic source. The variability of the dust composition highlighted here attests to its relevance as a paleo-environmental messenger and warrants further exploration of the particularly heterogenous Guliya glacial dust archive.

Objetivo: caracterización organoléptica, nutricional, microbiológica y digestibilidad in vitro de ensilados de desperdicios de alimentos recolectados en un restaurante de un centro de estudios técnicos y tecnológicos con subproductos de cosecha.Metodología: se realizó un análisis organoléptico, microbiológico, proximal de la composición y digestibilidad in vitro de ensilajes con diferentes niveles de inclusión de desperdicios de alimentos.Resultados: se evidencian características de olor, color y textura óptimas para su palatabilidad, valores nutricionales favorables para el 30, 35 y 40% de inclusión de desperdicios, bajos promedios de proteína, pero con niveles de energía superiores a los del maíz, sorgo y soya. La digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) fue mejor para el 35% de inclusión. Así mismo, la Unidad Formadora de Colonias UFC/g para el día 21 fue 1 x10 (Escherichia coli), que se ajusta a las normas para alimentos de animales. Conclusiones: la utilización de ensilados con un 35% de inclusión de desperdicios de alimento puede ser una importante herramienta de suplementación para la alimentación porcina.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Para los sistemas de salud actuales, la medición y la generación de indicadores que permitan evaluar los resultados en salud, han tomado gran relevancia como parte de la calidad en la atención. En consecuencia, los procesos de adaptación y validación de los instrumentos, son importantes para tener herramientas de medición fiables. El instrumento Florida Patient Acceptance Survey, es una escala específica para medir la aceptación de las personas a los dispositivos cardiacos. Método: estudio de tipo metodológico, en el cual se llevó a cabo la validez facial, de contenido y confiabilidad de la versión en español del instrumento Florida Patient Acceptance Survey. La validez facial y de contenido se realizó mediante el juicio de expertos, utilizando las pruebas estadísticas de Coeficiente Kappa de Fleiss e índice de Lawshe modificado. Para realizar la prueba de confiabilidad se utilizó la teoría del ítem; participaron 126 personas implante de un dispositivo de estimulación cardiaca. La fiabilidad se calculó mediante la prueba estadística de alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: la validez facial evaluó tres categorías: claridad, precisión y comprensión, mostrando un acuerdo moderado entre los jueces para las categorías. La validez de contenido presentó un acuerdo substantivo entre los jueces, con un índice de Lawshe de 0,822. La confiabilidad fue determinada con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,724. Conclusiones: la versión en español del Florida Patient Acceptance Survey, es un instrumento fiable para medir la aceptación de las personas con implante de dispositivo de estimulación cardiaca. Abstract: Background: For the current health services, the measurement and generation of indicators that enable health outcomes to be evaluated, is of great relevance as part of quality health care. As a result, the adaptation and validation processes of measurement tools are important to ensure that they are reliable to use. The Florida Patient Acceptance Survey is a specific scale for measuring the acceptance of cardiac devices by individuals. Method: A methodological-type study was carried out, in which the face validity, content and reliability of the Spanish version of the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey. The face validity and content was performed by expert consensus, using the statistical tests, Fleiss Kappa Coefficient and the modified Lawshe index. The theory of the item was used to perform the reliability test, in which a total of 126 individuals implanted with a cardiac stimulation device took part. The reliability was calculated using the Cronbach alpha statistical test. Results: The face validity evaluates three categories: clarity, precision, and comprehension, showing a moderate agreement between the experts for the categories. There was a substantial agreement in content validity among the experts, with a Lawshe index of 0.822. The reliability was determined with a Cronbach alpha of 0.724. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey, is a reliable tool to measure the acceptance of individuals with cardiac stimulation device implant. Palabras clave: Estimulación eléctrica, Dispositivo, Estudios de validación, Aceptación de la atención en salud, Arritmias, Keywords: Electrical stimulation, Device, Validation studies, Health care acceptance, Arrhythmias

Objective: Adaptar transculturalmente al contexto colombiano el instrumento "Florida Patient Acceptance Survey" que mide la aceptación de las personas implantadas con dispositivos de estimulación cardiaca.Materiales y métodos: Se ha seguido la metodología de traducción y retrotraducción, con equivalencia en semánticas culturales para llevar acabo la adaptación transcultural de la versión original del instrumento Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS). En el proceso participaron expertos en el área de: alteraciones del ritmo cardiaco, salud mental y validación de instrumentos de salud, así como, un profesional en lingüística y un profesional en estadística.Resultados: Se logra obtener una versión en español del instrumento FPAS adaptada culturalmente al contexto colombiano, con la realización de ajustes necesarios para la comprensión de la población objeto, a fin de conservar la equivalencia semántica y conceptual de la versión original.Conclusiones: La versión en español del FPAS es semántica y culturalmente equivalente a su versión original en inglés. A partir de los aportes de los expertos se realizaron ajustes que no modificaron la esencia del instrumento, posteriormente se realizarán las pruebas psicométricas para llevar a cabo el proceso de validez y fiabilidad.

There are several methods to assess the function of the autonomic nervous system. Among them, heart rate recovery (HRR) is an accepted, easy, low-cost technique. Different pathological conditions have been related to the development of autonomic dysfunction. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HRR and HRR-derived parameters in ambulatory patients with asthma or type 2 diabetes followed at the National Institutes of Health in Mexico City. A total of 78 participants, 50 women and, 28 men were enrolled; anthropometric, respiratory evaluations, and fasting blood samples were taken before participants performed a 6-min walking test (6MWT). Abnormal HRR was defined as a drop of ≤8 and ≤11 beats/min at 1 or 2 min and correlated negatively with basal oxygen saturation at 1 min. Heart rate at 1 min, correlated negatively with final oxygen saturation (p < 0.01). Statistically significant negative correlations were also observed between red cell count and white blood cell count and HOMA-IR with a p < 0.01. Since discrete hematological but significant changes correlated with HRR and HRR-derived parameters, we consider that these measures are helpful in clinical settings to identify subclinical autonomic dysfunction that permits us to prevent or anticipate chronic and fatal clinical outcomes.

El primer proyecto del Museo de Cáceres nace en 1898, como una colección arqueológica vinculada al Instituto de Bachillerato de la ciudad, pero pronto queda al cuidado de la Comisión Provincial de Monumentos, que se encarga de conseguir su reconocimiento legal desde 1917, trasladándose a su actual edificio de la Casa de las Veletas en 1933. Durante más de cincuenta años, el Museo dependió de un Patronato integrado por el Ministerio de Educación, la Diputación Provincial y el Ayuntamiento de Cáceres, hasta que fue asumido por la Dirección General de Bellas Artes, dependiendo de ella entre 1970 y 1989. Desde esta última fecha ha pasado a ser gestionado por la Junta de Extremadura, convirtiéndose en una institución fundamental para la conservación y difusión del patrimonio cultural de la provincia de Cáceres.

Aquest article mostra l'estudi i interpretació de les solucions negatives d'un problema geomètric presents en els llibres de text de Geometria Analítica utilitzats a Espanya durant el segle XIX. Mitjançant l'anàlisi de contingut d'onze obres hem identificat tres interpretacions de les solucions negatives: indiquen un canvi de posició, assenyalen un error en les hipòtesis del problema o una possible modificació de l'enunciat que dóna lloc a un problema més general, o bé l'existència d'una quantitat inversa.

No hay.

Pulmonary hypertension is a rare condition that impairs patients’ quality of life and life expectancy. The development of noninvasive instruments may help elucidate the prognosis of this cardiorespiratory disease. We aimed to evaluate the utility of routinely performed noninvasive test results as prognostic markers in patients with pulmonary hypertension. We enrolled 198 patients with mean pulmonary artery pressure >25 mmHg measured at cardiac catheterisation or echocardiographic pulmonary artery systolic pressure > 40 mmHg and tricuspid regurgitation Vmax >2.9 m/s, and clinical information regarding management and follow-up studies from the date of diagnosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex [HR: 0.21, (95% CI: 0.07–0.64); p = 0.006], the presence of collagenopathies [HR: 8.63, (95% CI: 2.38–31.32); p = 0.001], an increased red blood cell distribution width [HR: 1.25, (95% CI: 1.04–1.49); p = 0.017] and an increased electrocardiographic P axis (P°)/T axis (T°) ratio [HR: 0.93, (95% CI: 0.88–0.98); p = 0.009] were severity-associated factors, while older age [HR: 1.57, (95% CI: 1.04–1.28); p = 0.006], an increased QRS axis (QRS°)/T° ratio [HR: 1.21, (95% CI: 1.09–1.34); p < 0.001], forced expiratory volume in 1 s [HR: 0.94, (95% CI: 0.91–0.98); p = 0.01] and haematocrit [HR: 0.93, (95% CI: 0.87–0.99); p = 0.04] were mortality-associated factors. Our results support the importance of red blood cell distribution width, electrocardiographic ratios and collagenopathies for assessing pulmonary hypertension prognosis.

AIM: To determine whether different intravitreal doses of quinupristin/dalfopristin lead to electroretinographic or histological changes in the rabbit retina over one month period after injection. METHODS: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three treatment groups (groups 1 to 3) and different intravitreal doses of quinupristin/dalfopristin were tested in each group. The right eye was injected with the drug and the left eye received intravitreal injection of 5% dextrose water and served as control eye. The doses delivered to each group were 0.1 mg/0.1 mL, 1 mg/0.1 mL and 10 mg/0.1 mL. Simultaneous, bilateral, dark-adapted electroretinography and clinical images of both eyes were obtained in all groups before injection (baseline) and after 7, 14, 21 and 28d, followed by enucleation for histological examination. RESULTS: Subjects in the group 1 showed no signs of toxicity in the electroretinogram when compared with groups 2 and 3 (Kruskall-Wallis test, P=0.000). By day 7, no electrical response to light stimuli was recorded in the treated eyes in groups 2 and 3, consistent with severe damage due to retinal toxicity. Light microscopy revealed no significant histopathological changes in the group 1, while rabbits in groups 2 and 3 had signs of granulomatous inflammation in most cases. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal 0.1 mg/0.1 mL doses of quinupristin/dalfopristin do not lead to electroretinographic or histological signs of retinal toxicity compared with 1 mg/0.1 mL and 10 mg/0.1 mL in this rabbit model.

Es una reseña.

Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar y comparar la implementación del Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED), junto con la presencia de estrategias pedagógicas que fomenten conductas prosociales entre los participantes. La muestra constó de dos clases de sexto de Primaria (n = 51; 10,72 ± ,66). En el grupo A se desarrollaron metodologías orientadas a fomentar conductas prosociales. En el grupo B se desarrollaron estrategias centradas en las mejoras individuales. Mediante el ANOVA de un factor, se analizaron los resultados pre-test y post-test del Cuestionario de Conductas Antisociales (Martorell y González, 1992). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones en ambas clases antes y después de realizar la implementación (p = ,000). Se observa una reducción significativa de actuaciones antisociales en el total del post-test del grupo A (p = ,000). La implementación de modelos-basados en la práctica en Educación Física, entre ellos el MED, se debe complementar con estrategias metodológicas que fomenten conductas prosociales, pues ello favorece positivamente la educación de valores en los escolares.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es señalar y demostrar que la producción arquitectónica de la vivienda unifamiliar de la primera mitad del siglo XX en la ciudad de Corrientes es el de observar arquitecturas modernas en una ciudad no moderna. Así, la modernidad arquitectónica de la vivienda unifamiliar correntina entendida como manifestación cultural materializada, se manifiesta de manera poco autónoma y ligada a las fuerzas de la tradición histórico-urbana de la ciudad. Por otro lado, y en cuanto a los sistemas de producción, se manifiestan a partir de cualidades diferenciadas de los ejemplos históricos a partir de la adopción de la novedosa tecnología del hormigón armado y de las formalizaciones emergentes de las estéticas de las vanguardias.

Este artículo muestra el estudio e interpretación de las soluciones negativas de un problema geométrico presentes en los libros de texto de Geometría Analítica utilizados en España durante el siglo XIX. Mediante el análisis de contenido de once obras hemos identificado tres interpretaciones de las soluciones negativas: indican un cambio de posición, señalan un error en las hipótesis del problema o una posible modificación del enunciado que da lugar a un problema más general, o bien la existencia de una cantidad inversa.

Se ofrece una aproximación al estudio del cierre en la novela marroquí moderna en lengua árabe entre los años 1930 y 2000. Con base en los estudios de Marco Kunz sobre la novela en lengua española, se examinan los segmentos finales de 126 novelas marroquíes, de los que se extraen los recursos terminativos más decisivos y se propone una tipología. Tradicionalmente, el estudio del final en la narrativa se ha centrado en el desenlace como resolución de las tensiones argumentales y como elemento que completa el sentido global del texto; sin embargo, desenlace y cierre no suelen coincidir. El examen detallado de los cierres de las novelas en su serie histórica permitiría poner de relieve la evolución de ciertas tendencias formales durante el desarrollo del género en Marruecos.

En las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes, las variables asociadas al uso del condón son diversas y comúnmente se presentan con otras variables que, a su vez, se asocian con la práctica sexual desprotegida. Los objetivos de este estudio consistieron en determinar en qué medida la percepción de auto eficacia, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón se relacionan con el uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes colombianos. Participaron en él 308 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Los resultados indican correlaciones significativas en hombres entre el uso del condón y la percepción de auto eficacia, y correlaciones negativas en mujeres entre el uso del condón, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón. Solo en el grupo de hombres, la percepción de autoeficacia predice el uso del condón.

We report measurements of ambient amines and ammonia with a fast response chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) in a southeastern US forest and a moderately polluted midwestern site during the summer. At the forest site, mostly C3-amines (from pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 2 ppbv) were detected, and they both showed temperature dependencies. Aerosol-phase amines measured thermal-desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TDCIMS) showed a higher mass fraction in the evening with cooler temperatures and lower in the afternoon with warmer temperatures, a trend opposite to the gas-phase amines. Concentrations of aerosol-phase primary amines measured with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) from micron and submicron particles were 2 orders of magnitude higher than the gas-phase amines. These results indicate that gas to particle conversion is one of the major processes that control the ambient amine concentrations at this forest site. Temperature dependencies of C3-amines and ammonia also imply reversible processes of evaporation of these nitrogen-containing compounds from soil surfaces in daytime and deposition to soil surfaces at nighttime. During the transported biomass burning plume events, various amines (C1–C6) appeared at the pptv level, indicating that biomass burning is a substantial source of amines in the southeastern US. At the moderately polluted Kent site, there were higher concentrations of C1- to C6-amines (pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 6 ppbv). C1- to C3-amines and ammonia were well correlated with the ambient temperature. C4- to C6-amines showed frequent spikes during the nighttime, suggesting that they were emitted from local sources. These abundant amines and ammonia may in part explain the frequent new particle formation events reported from Kent. Higher amine concentrations measured at the polluted site than at the rural forested site highlight the importance of constraining anthropogenic emission sources of amines.

En el proceso de etnogénesis de la comunidad extremeña, los símbolos regionales desempeñan un papel fundamental, tanto en la creación de iconos nuevos como en la selección y actualización de elementos tradicionales, entre los que no faltan los originados en tradiciones inventadas. La indumentaria es uno de esos símbolos de la región, habiendo llegado a constituirse un modelo, el traje de Montehermoso, aceptado como representativo de la comunidad, junto a modelos emblemáticos de algunas localidades donde en realidad la indumentaria tradicional se había perdido hace ya cien años.

Resumen: La Automática es una disciplina horizontal muchos de cuyos temas se aplican en el campo del sector marítimo, como son: la robótica, la ingeniería de control, la inteligencia artificial, el modelado y la simulación, los sensores y los actuadores. En este trabajo hacemos una revisión de los avances que han tenido lugar en los últimos años desde el punto de vista del modelado, la identificación y el control de los vehículos marinos Abstract: Automatic control is an horizontal subject and many of their branches are applied in the marine fields: robotics, control engineering, artificial intelligence, modeling and simulation, sensors and actuators. The paper presents an overview of some of the major advances that have taken place from the point of view of marine vehicles modeling, identification and control.^p Palabras clave: Sistemas marinos, autopilotos, posicionamiento dinámico, estabilización del alabeo, modelado, identificación y control de vehículos marinos, sistemas sub actuados, hidrodinámica, Keywords: Marine systems, autopilots, dynamic positioning, roll stabilization, control, modeling, identification, underactuated autonomous vehicles, hydrodynamics^p

Los individuos maduros de Agave cupreata son cosechados para producir mezcal, una bebida alco¬hólica artesanal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el desfasamiento potencial del hábitat apro¬piado, debido al cambio climático, entre las poblaciones y el clima al cual están adaptados. Para ello, se estimó el clima contemporáneo (promedio 1961-1990) y futuro (año 2030) de 12 localidades donde se distribuyen las poblaciones naturales. Las estimaciones se hicieron utilizando un modelo climático “spline”, basado en resultados del modelo de circulación global canadiense, escenario de emisiones intermedio A1B. La estimación de la temperatura promedio de las 12 procedencias para el clima contemporáneo fue 19.1 °C y la estimación de la precipitación fue 961 mm. La predicción para el año 2030 fue 20.5 °C y 833 mm, con un incremento de temperatura de 1.4 °C y un decremento de precipitación de 13.3 %. Los resultados indican que el clima propicio para A. cupreata ocurrirá entre 175 y 225 m de altitud mayor que las localidades en donde actualmente se encuentran las po¬blaciones. Por tanto, se sugiere establecer plantaciones de conservación ex situ y comerciales bajo las condiciones mencionadas, como una medida de manejo de migración asistida para adaptarse al cambio climático predicho.

This paper describes the adsorption of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from aqueous solution by decomposed peat. The peat presented a good adsorption process, close to 76.2% for E2 removal and approximately 55.0% for EE2. Moreover, the results indicated a probable multi-layered process. Adsorption isotherms were well fitted by Freundlich model. The data were evaluated considering the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order approaches, being the second more significant mechanism in the rate-controlling step. Thermodynamic data revealed that hormones adsorption onto peat is spontaneous under the employed experimental conditions. The results confirmed the potential of this adsorbent to be employed for effluents treatment.

El presente trabajo se realizó en la Isla Uvita, declarada Monumento Nacional en 1985, ubicada en el litoral Caribe de Costa Rica. Esta zona se caracteriza por tener una gran riqueza de sus recursos marinos y costeros. El propósito fundamental fue ofrecer diversas acciones de conservación, manejo y desarrollo sostenible en dicha área, promoviendo la coordinación y participación de todos los sectores claves. Se hace referencia a la necesidad de ejecutar una estrategia de manejo que promueva la estabilidad de los recursos marinocosteros del sitio insular, para fortalecer tanto la riqueza particular como para establecer normas educativas y científicas que promuevan las condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo sostenible. Isla Uvita presenta problemas de conservación y manejo, debido a la ausencia de una entidad administrativa que controle y norme los usos. Se conoció la percepción social del limonense mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario tipo encuesta y además se desarrolló un taller, en el sitio. Con base en la percepción social, la mayoría opinó que se deben controlar las actividades dentro de la isla, estableciendo controles de vigilancia, reconocen que este sitio lo debe manejar MINAET y JAPDEVA, apoyado por la Municipalidad de Limón, la cual ha de adquirir el compromiso de conservación. La estrategia de manejo hace énfasis en seis líneas estratégicas, como la organización institucional, protección, zonificación, educación y capacitación, monitoreo e investigación y recreación. The Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica is known for its marine resource diversity, and is where the Uvita Island Insular System is located. This site was declared a National Monument in 1985, and chosen as the site for the present study, which had the main objective of offering an adequate managing tool to perform several conservation and sustainable development actions on the Island, to promote the coordination and participation of all stakeholders. The study clearly identified the need for developing a management strategy to promote pertinent conservation actions at the site, to strengthen not only its particular diversity, but also to establish educational and scientific regulations to encourage the adequate conditions for the sustainable development of the Island. Currently, the Island faces conservation and management problems due to the lack of an administrator to control and regulate the use of the site. In order to learn about the perception of the local people, a survey type questionnaire was administered and a workshop held at the site. Based on the results of the survey, the majority of the local people thought that the Island activities should be regulated and vigilance controls established. It was also well recognized that government institutions, such as MINAE and JAPDEVA, should manage the site with the support of the local government, which should acquire a commitment towards conservation. ºThe study proposed a management strategy for the Island, placing emphasis on six lines of action: institutional organization, protection, zoning, education and training, monitoring, and research and recreation.