1. FAUST
- Author
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C. Vastel, F. Alves, C. Ceccarelli, M. Bouvier, I. Jiménez-Serra, T. Sakai, P. Caselli, L. Evans, F. Fontani, R. Le Gal, C. J. Chandler, B. Svoboda, L. Maud, C. Codella, N. Sakai, A. Lόpez-Sepulcre, G. Moellenbrock, Y. Aikawa, N. Balucani, E. Bianchi, G. Busquet, E. Caux, S. Charnley, N. Cuello, M. De Simone, F. Dulieu, A. Durân, D. Fedele, S. Feng, L. Francis, T. Hama, T. Hanawa, E. Herbst, T. Hirota, M. Imai, A. Isella, D. Johnstone, B. Lefloch, L. Loinard, M. Maureira, N. M. Murillo, S. Mercimek, S. Mori, F. Menard, A. Miotello, R. Nakatani, H. Nomura, Y. Oba, S. Ohashi, Y. Okoda, J. Ospina-Zamudio, Y. Oya, J. E. Pineda, L. Podio, A. Rimola, D. Segura Cox, Y. Shirley, L. Testi, S. Viti, N. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, A. Witzel, C. Xue, Y. Zhang, B. Zhao, S. Yamamoto, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory (ESO), foreign laboratories (FL), CERN [Genève], Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Research Council of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), National Science Foundation (US), and Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
- Subjects
abundances [ISM] ,interferometric -line ,Identification ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Solar and stellar astrophysics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Line ,Interferometric techniques ,abundances -ISM ,Space and Planetary Science ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,identification -ISM ,interferometric [Techniques] ,Radiative transfer ,Astrophysics of galaxies ,astrochemistry -radiative transfer -techniques ,molecules ,[SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA] ,identification [Line] ,Abundances and molecules (ISM) ,molecules [ISM] ,Astrochemistry - Abstract
C. Vastel et al., [Aims] Methanol is a ubiquitous species commonly found in the molecular interstellar medium. It is also a crucial seed species for the build-up of chemical complexity in star forming regions. Thus, understanding how its abundance evolves during the star formation process and whether it enriches the emerging planetary system is of paramount importance., [Methods] We used new data from the ALMA Large Program FAUST (Fifty AU STudy of the chemistry in the disc/envelope system of solar protostars) to study the methanol line emission towards the [BHB2007] 11 protobinary system (sources A and B), where a complex structure of filaments connecting the two sources with a larger circumbinary disc has previously been detected., [Results] Twelve methanol lines have been detected with upper energies in the [45–537] K range along with one 13CH3OH transition and one methyl formate (CH3OCHO) line blended with one of the methanol transitions. The methanol emission is compact (FWHM ~ 0.5″) and encompasses both protostars, which are separated by only 0.2″ (28 au). In addition, the overall methanol line emission presents three velocity components, which are not spatially resolved by our observations. Nonetheless, a detailed analysis of the spatial origin of these three components suggests that they are associated with three different spatial regions, with two of them close to 11B and the third one associated with 11A. A radiative transfer analysis of the methanol lines gives a kinetic temperature of [100–140] K, an H2 volume density of 106–107 cm−3 and column density of a few 1018 cm−2 in all three components with a source size of ~0.15″. Thus, this hot and dense gas is highly enriched in methanol with an abundance as high as 10−5. Using previous continuum data, we show that dust opacity can potentially completely absorb the methanol line emission from the two binary objects., [Conclusions] Although we cannot firmly exclude other possibilities, we suggest that the detected hot methanol is resulting from the shocked gas from the incoming filaments streaming towards [BHB2007] 11A and B, respectively. Higher spatial resolution observations are necessary to confirm this hypothesis., This project has received funding within the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program from the European Research Council (ERC) for the project The Dawn of Organic Chemistry (DOC), grant agreement no. 741002, and from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie for the project Astro-Chemical Origins (ACO), grant agreement no. 811312. I.J.-S. has received partial support from the Spanish State Research Agency (project number PID2019-105552RB-C41). D.J. is supported by NRC Canada and by an NSERC Discovery Grant. S.Y. thanks the support by Grant-in-Aids from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technologies of Japan (18H05222). This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2018.1.01205.L. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.
- Published
- 2022
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