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Background: Emerging data support detectable immune responses for months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, but it is not yet established to what degree and for how long protection against reinfection lasts. Methods: We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses more than 8 months post-asymptomatic, mild and severe infection in a cohort of 1884 healthcare workers (HCW) and 51 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was analyzed by a weekly 3-month polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of 252 HCW that had seroconverted 7 months prior to start of screening and 48 HCW that had remained seronegative at multiple time points. Results: All COVID-19 patients and 96% (355/370) of HCW who were anti-spike IgG positive at inclusion remained anti-spike IgG positive at the 8-month follow-up. Circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses were detected in 88% (45/51) of COVID-19 patients and in 63% (233/370) of seropositive HCW. The cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% (3/252) among anti-spike IgG positive HCW (0.13 cases per 100 weeks at risk) compared to 23% (11/48) among anti-spike IgG negative HCW (2.78 cases per 100 weeks at risk), resulting in a protective effect of 95.2% (95% CI 81.9%-99.1%). Conclusions: The vast majority of anti-spike IgG positive individuals remain anti-spike IgG positive for at least 8 months regardless of initial COVID-19 disease severity. The presence of anti-spike IgG antibodies is associated with a substantially reduced risk of reinfection up to 9 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19., De tre första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapetDe fem sista författarna delar sistaförfattarskapet

Bakgrund: Stressrelaterade sjukdomar har blivit allt vanligare i Sverige. Stress är kopplat till flertalet sjukdomar, psykisk ohälsa och smärta. Meditation i olika former har visat sig påverka ett flertal funktioner i hjärnan positivt, och kan ha en stressreducerande effekt hos människor. Problemformulering:Få studier har undersökt den subjektiva upplevelsen av stress i samband med meditation. Att minska och förebygga stress är intressant ur ett fysioterapeutiskt perspektiv då stress kan försämra hälsa. Syfte:Att undersöka om meditation kan ha en stressreducerande effekt för ett mindre antal meditationsutövare med ingen eller liten erfarenhet, under fem veckor. Metod: Tre personer fick skatta upplevd stress dagligen genom en modifierad version av PSS-14 bestående av tre frågor under baslinje och intervention som berör upplevelsen av stress och nervositet, irritationsmoment och känslan av att kontrollera viktiga saker i livet. Interventionen bestod av en nybörjarkurs i en stilla meditationsform fördelat på fyra kurstillfällen bestående av teoretisk och praktisk undervisning samt 45–60 minuters meditationsutövande dagligen. Antal minuter som mediterats besvarades också dagligen. Resultat:Upplevelsen av stress och nervositet minskade, förmågan att hantera irritationsmoment ökade och känslan av att inte ha kontroll över viktiga saker i livet minskade hos samtliga deltagare. Ingen tydlig skillnad observerades mellan självskattning av de tre aspekterna hos varje enskild individ under interventionen. Konklusion:Meditation kan ha positiva effekter på alla tre aspekterna av stress. Andra metoder som multipel baslinje-design, längre baslinje och strategier för att fånga upp externa faktorer hade behövts, vilket kunde ha producerat mer trovärdiga resultat., Background:Cases of stress-related disorders have increased in Sweden. Stress is related to several diseases and mental illness and could cause or aggravate pain. Meditation has previously shown positive effects on brain functioning and could reduce perceived stress. Problem: Few studies have examined the subjective experience of stress in association with meditation. To reduce and prevent stress is of interest from a physiotherapeutic perspective, as stress could deteriorate health conditions. Purpose:To examine if meditation during five weeks could reduce stress in a small number of meditation-practitioners with no or little experience. Method:Three participants assessed perceived stress using a modified version of the PSS-14 existing of three questions during baseline and intervention concerning the sensation of stress and anxiety, sources of irritation and the ability to control important things in life. The intervention included taking part of a beginners’ course in sitting meditation including four course meetings consisting of both theoretical and practical teachings and 45-60 minutes of meditation practice daily. Results:Perceived stress and anxiety were reduced, the ability to control irritations in life was improved and the feeling of being unable to control important things in life was reduced in all participants. No distinct differences were noted between assessments of all three aspects of stress in every individual separately. Conclusion: Meditation could havepositive effects on all three aspects of stress. Other methods such as multiple baseline design, longer baseline and strategies to identify external factors should have been used which might have produced more credible results.