Search

Spins of electrons in silicon MOS quantum dots combine exquisite quantum properties and scalable fabrication. In the age of quantum technology, however, the metrics that crowned Si/SiO 2 as the microelectronics standard need to be reassessed with respect to their impact upon qubit performance. We chart spin qubit variability due to the unavoidable atomic-scale roughness of the Si/SiO 2 interface, compiling experiments across 12 devices, and develop theoretical tools to analyse these results. Atomistic tight binding and path integral Monte Carlo methods are adapted to describe fluctuations in devices with millions of atoms by directly analysing their wavefunctions and electron paths instead of their energy spectra. We correlate the effect of roughness with the variability in qubit position, deformation, valley splitting, valley phase, spin-orbit coupling and exchange coupling. These variabilities are found to be bounded, and they lie within the tolerances for scalable architectures for quantum computing as long as robust control methods are incorporated., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: Our goals were to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of Yang-Xin-Jie-Yu Decoction (YXJYD) in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS)-induced depression rat model and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Design: We used CUMS-induced depression rat model to evaluate whether oral administration of YXJYD with different doses (2.1 g/kg, 1.05 g/kg and 0.525 g/kg, respectively) improve the depressive-like symptoms, and then performed UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS to explore the active ingredients of YXJYD. Subsequently, rat's cecal contents, serum, and urine were collected from the control group, CUMS model group, and YXJYD high-dose (2.1 g/kg) treatment group. The 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on the cecal contents, based on Illumina MiSeq platform, and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the composition variety and screen differential expression of gut bacteria in the three groups. 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis was used for analyzing the metabolites obtained from cecal contents, serum, and urine, and KEGG enrichment analysis was used to identify pathways of differential metabolites. An integrated 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic data were conducted to characterize the underlying mechanisms of YXJYD Results: The gut microbial communities, and serum, cecal content, urine metabolic compositions were significantly significantly altered in CUMS-induced depressive rats, while YXJYD effectively ameliorated the CUMS-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis, especially of Monoglobus, and alleviated the disturbance of serum, cecal content, urine metabolome and reversed the changes of key depressive and gut microbiota-related metabolites, such as succinic acid, taurine, hippuric acid, melatonin. With an integrated study of the gut microbiota and metabolomes, we identified the pathway of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and propanoate metabolism as the regulated target of YXJYD on host-microbiome interaction. Conclusion: Our findings further confirmed the imbalance of metabolism and intestinal microbial is closely related to CUMS-induced depression. YXJYD regulates gut microbiome to affect body metabolomes and then produce antidepressant-like effect in CUMS-induced depressive rats while its molecular mechanism possibly be increased Monoglobus abundance in gut microbiota and regulated the TCA cycle pathway and propanoate metabolism in host., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Liang, Mai, Qin, Li, Ou, Liang, Zhong and Liang.)

Solid-phase extraction embedded dialysis (SPEED technology) is an innovative procedure developed to physically separate in-situ, during the cultivation, the mycelium of filament forming microorganisms, such as actinomycetes and fungi, and the XAD-16 resin used to trap the secreted specialized metabolites. SPEED consists of an external nylon cloth and an internal dialysis tube containing the XAD resin. The dialysis barrier selects the molecular weight of the trapped compounds, and prevents the aggregation of biomass or macromolecules on the XAD beads. The external nylon promotes the formation of a microbial biofilm, making SPEED a biofilm supported cultivation process. SPEED technology was applied to the marine Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21, isolated from a core of a submerged Kopara sampled at 20 m from the border of a saltwater pond. The chemical space of this strain was investigated effectively using a dereplication strategy based on molecular networking and in-depth chemical analysis. The results highlight the impact of culture support on the molecular profile of Streptomyces albidoflavus 19-S21 secondary metabolites.

The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens and the increase of antimicrobial resistance constitutes a major health challenge, leading to intense research efforts being focused on the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. In this study, endophytes were isolated from different parts of Sandwithia guyanensis plant (leaves, wood and latex) belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family and known to produce antimicrobial compounds, and chemically characterised using Molecular Network in order to discover novel antimicrobial molecules. One fungal endophyte extract obtained from S. guyanensis latex showed significant antimicrobial activity with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at 16 µg/mL. The chemical investigation of this fungus ( Lecanicillium genus) extract led to the isolation of 5 stephensiolides compounds, four of which demonstrated antibacterial activity. Stephensiolide I and G showed the highest antibacterial activity on MRSA with a MIC at 4 and 16 µg/mL respectively.