Search

The desire to reduce reliance on oil resources arises from the concerns about carbon footprint and nonrenewability. Conversely, the global presence of over 100 million palm trees poses a significant challenge due to the substantial amount of biowaste generated annually. Additionally, the use of nanocellulose (NC) as a cost-effective material is steadily gaining recognition for its growing adaptability over time. The main goal of this study is to biosynthesized NC from Iraqi date palm Phoenix dactylifera leaves waste with low-concentration acid-alkali treatment. The date palm leaves waste yields 20 g of NC from 100 g of leaves before acid hydrolysis treatment. The chemical components of biosynthesized NC were 47.90%, 26.78%, and 24.67% for α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively. In order to study their properties, NC from raw date palm leaves was studied by microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM). SEM results revealed rod-like structured NC as well as combined long-fine fibrous structures rather than compacted bundles with sizes ranging between 31 and 74 nm. With EDX, all spectra exhibit the peaks of carbon and oxygen as the main elements with 63.8% and 10.44%, respectively, in their compositions, which relate to the typical composition of cellulose. The 3D image of AFM NC with a tapping mode presented a highly uniform distribution of NC with a size of ∼15 nm. The statistical roughness analysis shows that the obtained roughness average is 7.20 nm with the root–mean-square roughness value of 21.56 nm, which corresponded relatively with the micrographs of SEM. The results of this study demonstrate the promise of using date palm waste as raw material to produce NC as green nanocomposite from biodegradable nanomaterials for water purification and sustained drug delivery for biomedical applications. In this regard and because of the insufficient reports about the extraction of NC from palm tree leaves waste, the objective of this study was designed to fabricate NC biologically from fibers sourced from the waste of Iraqi date palm P. dactylifera leaves that left in agricultural lands or burned, which can be an ecological and health problem as a bionanocomposites in the medical and industrial field and as alternative resources of wood materials.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide among pregnant women. Although vitamin D supplementation is effective in improving vitamin D status, the safety and optimal dosing of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy remain less well understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in improving vitamin D status during pregnancy. Design: This prospective cohort study assessed the impact of a 16-week daily vitamin D supplementation 1000 IU regimen on vitamin D status among pregnant women. Methods: A total of 365 pregnant women were recruited, and their baseline total circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations were measured. Of these, 249 participants completed the study, which involved oral daily supplementation with 1000 IU of vitamin D and a repeat of total circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations after 16 weeks. Results: The study found that 57.7% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, consistent with the rates reported in other studies. However, vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 1000 IU had a small effect size and was not clinically significant. However, 67% of participants with vitamin D deficiency remained deficient; among participants initially with vitamin D insufficiency, 30% became deficient. Moreover, 26.5% of individuals with sufficient vitamin D status at 12 weeks showed insufficient levels by 28 weeks. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among pregnant women, and vitamin D supplementation at a daily dose of 1000 IU may not adequately address this problem. Although the study has limitations, its results align with previous research and may apply to other populations with a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. Further research is necessary to determine the most effective approach for addressing prenatal vitamin D deficiency.

Purpose: Exotic fruits could fulfill global requirements of health-conscious consumers, providing efficient postharvest management protocols are implemented to assure safety and quality. Research Methods: Compositional changes of ripe balata fruits (Manilkara bidentata), were investigated when seal-packaged in low density polyethylene (LDPE) for 7 days at 6-7°C and 28-30°C. Mature Spanish tamarind (Vangueria edulis) fruits were stored at 20°C and 30°C and ripening changes analyzed after 3 days. Quarter-sliced mature-green (M1) and ripe-yellow (M2) West Indian lime (Citrus aurantifolia) were seal-packaged in LDPE at 4-5°C, 7-8°C and 28-30°C and evaluated over seven consecutive days. Findings: Balata seal-packaged in LDPE for 7 days at 6-7°C and at 28-30°C, accounted for lower fresh weight losses, higher total soluble solids (TSS), pH, TSS:TTA, vitamin C, better skin-gloss appearance and more acceptable flavor than control fruits over the same period. Ripe Spanish tamarind stored at 20°C and 30°C and 75-85% relative humidity had a yellowish-brown skin and pulp color, TSS (3.0-3.1%), TTA (2.24g/100g - 2.48g/100g), TSS:TTA (1:1.3), pH (3.4) and vitamin C (1.84 mg/100g). West Indian lime M2 quarter-slices at 7-8°C secured superior quality ratings due to the absence of chilling injury symptoms, cut-edge browning and fermentative aroma compared to similar treatments after 4 days at 4-5°C. At 28-30°C, M1 and M2 became unmarketable in less than two days. Research Limitations: More cultivars required. Originality/value: The unique postharvest quality characteristics of exotic fruits could be successfully managed to fulfill the basic requirements of health-conscious consumers and to exploit existing and potential niche markets.

The interactive body and sound become a visible feature of Iraqi theatre after 2003, due to the importance of body language in today’s theatrical performances. A Dream in Baghdad is a pioneering experience, the director of which relied entirely on body language, according to a calculated kinesthetic system.This theatrical performance, which lasted 50 minutes, was silent and did not adopt traditional dialogue. Thus, the director signaled his protest against what is happening in his country, making the actor’s body a loud trumpet against darkness, isolation, marginalization, and chaos.For the voices, they sometimes embodied the logic of force, chaos, and war through the sound of ambulances, the sound of missiles and planes. However, they sometimes expressed peace through calm.The decor was characterized by a chaotic state similar to the chaos in Iraq, and the lighting seemed dim.The scene was often bleak, with blood, corpses, body parts, and paramedics present. However, that chaos began to disappear so that the actors could sweep up the remains of the devastation and clearly confirm that the Iraqi people are able to ‘sweep up’ their differences and stop the bloodshed. The director and the author of the play wants to say that the dream is a dream about stability, security, and democracy in Iraq.Abdul Samad sees that the silent theatre may be more eloquent and influential on the recipient in terms of sensing the tragedy of the Iraqis by employing actors’ bodies, which speak and express all the facts.The present article is an attempt to see how the Iraqi director, Anas Abdel-Samad exploits the body and the sound within the silent theatre in A Dream in Baghdad to send a humanitarian message aimed at building anew Iraq full of love, hope and culture. This is done without uttering any words, through the medium of only the movements of body and sound.

In this article, optimal energy consumption in the smart houses is studied considering techno-economic indices and demand side management (DSM) in electrical grids. The optimal energy consumption is implemented based on optimal scheduling of the household appliances than energy price and capacity of demand flexibility in DSM. The proposed approach is considered as two-stage optimization. Using first stage, energy consumption is modified by optimal shifting of the appliances subject to DSM and energy price. Thus, modified energy consumption is taken into accounted in second stage optimization to maximizing the consumers comfort and minimizing operation cost, simultaneously. The optimization process is done in the MATLAB software, in which objectives in second stage are optimized via lp-metric method. Finally, the performance of the proposed modelling is validated as case studies using numerical simulation.

Purpose: Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose plant. The growth curve would determine harvest date and maturity indices. Analysis of proximate and mineral constituents would highlight nutritional and health benefits. Research methods: Investigations were conducted on growth curve parameters, maturation indices, proximate and mineral compositions of moringa plant parts (Moringa oleifera) on four-year-old tress from 2016-2019. Findings: The growth curve depicted a single sigmoid shape. Pods harvested 25 days after flowering were immature (M1), with a light-green skin colour, firm, tender seeds, and light greenish-cream flesh and seeds. Pods attained horticultural maturity with optimum cooking quality 32 days (M2) post-anthesis with corresponding maturity indices being firm, light greenish-cream-flesh and well–formed seed. Dried partially senesced over-matured pods (M3), harvested after 51 days, had a light-brown dermal layer enclosing dark brown firm seeds with the highest fat and crude fiber being 200.3 g/kg and 314.5 g/kg. Green-tender seeds showed the highest crude protein content of 296.0 g/kg. Immature leaves (L1) had the highest dry matter content while stage 2 leaves had the highest ash content. Matured pods showed the highest moisture content. Mineral contents of stage 3 leaves (L3) consisted of magnesium (4255.6ppm) while stage 1 leaves had the most iron (147.0 ppm) and potassium (30210.0ppm). Leaves at stage 2 had the most sodium (2547.9 ppm) and boron (23.1 ppm). Research limitations: Limited cultivars. Originality/Value: Maturity indices on the growth curve confirmed the multi-purpose nature of the moringa plant and benefits to the food and health industries.

Purpose: Fresh leaves of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.), and culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.,) are used interchangeably based on similar odor, aroma and flavor and considered culinary substitutes. Cilantro is ethnically called “false coriander” and a mixed method approach to determine the possibility of crop mimicry was reviewed. Critical analysis was done on botanical, phylogenic traits and trees, dendogram, molecular, and phytochemical similarities of the odorants. Findings: The study indicated that C. sativum and E. foetidum, belonged to two different subfamilies of Apiaceae, appeared morphologically divergent, but phytochemically similar in aroma and odorants indicating a classical example of convergent evolution in the plant kingdom. Five odor clusters with over 20 similar phytochemicals with the co‐elution of E‐2‐alkenals and E‐2‐alken‐1‐ols were identified. Greater levels E‐2‐dodecenal in E. foetidum (63.5%) compared to C. sativum, (26.0%) accounted for dominant odor which is found in crop mimics due to selective agricultural practices and the evolution of agricultural races of weeds. Multiple mechanisms explained how plant mimic evolved from “de‐domestication” and hybridization. Evolutionary origins and genetic diversity characterized genomics of E. foetidum as an aggressive aromatic pungent weed, and C. sativum as a fragrant herb. Limitations: There are no limitations in this review. Directions for future research: Organolepticpreference for the essential oils of coriander seeds and a clearer understanding of the phytochemical relationships between C. sativum and E. foetidum are required.

Purpose: This paper provides an in-depth critical review and analysis of recent research undertaken to optimize quality during harvesting, postharvest handling, processing and utilization of breadnut (Artocarpus camansi Blanco). Findings: This treatise provided a comprehensive review on the significance of breadnut as an ideal staple and famine food due to its abundance, processing options, high percentage of complex carbohydrates, unique flavor and culinary qualities. Market potential for this fruit across the globe and its projection to multiply is reviewed as related to increasing demand for fiber rich fruits, utilization in ethnic cuisine and in traditional medicine. The fruit is highly perishable with a shelf life of not more than 2-3 days under ambient conditions. Breadnut rapidly transforms when harvested mature green after 2-3 days to a soft texture and the outer skin of the milky white seeds change to a brown, brittle, tough netlike rind while the flesh changes from a white colour to a light yellow colour. The combined effects of rapid softening and high susceptibility to chilling injury contribute immensely to its short shelf life. Limitations: There were no significant limitations as the literature was available and access to communicate with authors were easily facilitated by the internet. Directions for future research:This istheonly review which collated the findings on postharvest physiology and utilization of breadnut. This information will be useful for tree breeding programs, in order to popularize breadnut as a commercial crop and promote food security at the household and community levels.

Purpose: Increasing demand for pre-packaged fresh-cut cowpea based on nutritional content, convenience and ready-to–use attributes is limited due to its highly perishable nature. Research method: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the shelf life and storability of fresh-cut cowpea. Fresh-cut cowpea (cv. Local Green) subjected to hydro-cooling with or without sodium hypochlorite was sealed-packaged in LDPE bags and stored at 4-5°C and 20-22°C up to 12 days. The second experiment focused on the occurrence and alleviation of chilling injury (CI) on fresh-cut cowpea (cv. Local Green and cv. Local Pink), stored at 4-5°C and 20-22°C in sealed LDPE bags after 3 and 6 days and upon transfer after 6 days at 4-5°C plus 1, 2 and 3 days at 20-22°C. Findings: Fresh-cut cowpea (Local Green cv.) was 100% marketable after 6 days in sealed LDPE bags at 4-5°C, then decreased to 70% after 12 days. At 20-22°C marketable quality ratings were 87.3% after 3 days, declined to 30% after 6 days and eventually to 100% after 12 days. Absence of chilling injury for both fresh-cut cowpea cultivars, were obtained within the initial 6 days of storage at both temperatures. After 6 days at 4-5°C plus 1, 2 and 3 days at 20-22°C, resulted in progressive increases in CI development which was higher for the Local Pink versus Local Green cultivar. Limitations: Wider range of postharvest dips required. Originality/Value: Temperature control combined with MAP prolonged shelf-life of fresh-cut cowpea and reduced incidence of chilling injury.

Purpose: This paper provides an in-depth critical review and analysis of current and recent research undertaken on the agro-ecology, photochemistry, postharvest physiology and utilization of Moringa oleifera Lam. Findings: This treatise provided a comprehensive review of current and relevant research on the horticultural practices, its agro-ecological conditions, and pre- and post-harvest operations and treatments. It showed the alignment of the biochemical production of the various phytochemicals to the ecophysiology of the plant particularly the variety and ecotypes, micro climatic and edaphic conditions, and the crop growth patterns. The detailed aggregation of the different phytochemicals and the sites of synthesis in the plant revealed that the plant produces in excess of 36 phytochemical compounds that manifest its biological efficacy in over 16 different human physiological activity and medicine. Additionally, it revealed the many approaches to the postharvest physiology of the plant parts and the extension of the shelf life and quality for processing opportunities. Research limitations: There were no significant limitations to the conducting of this exercise as the literature was available and accesses to communicate with authors were easily facilitated by the internet. Directions for future research: This is the only review which collated the findings on the agro-ecology, phytochemistry, postharvest physiology and utilization of Moringa oleifera Lam., and how it is linked to the world of ethno-medicine, and pharmacology. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of extracts from all parts of the moringa plant as potential and promising eco-friendly alternatives to common chemicals used as novel food preservatives.

In the present study effects of forced mechanical vibration on a concentric pipe heat exchanger with turbulator inside it, is experimentally analyzed. Three different zigzag shaped turbulators are used in the concentric type heat exchanger. Air is preferred as the working fluid with inlet Reynolds numbers varying from ∼10,000 to ∼55,000. The effect of vibration on heat transfer and pressure drop is tested by using a mechanical vibration test unit. The variable parameters of the vibration phenomena are considered to be acceleration (amplitude) (a = 100, 300 and 600 m/s2), frequency (F = 100, 300 and 600 Hz) and signal type (sine, chirp and random noise).Effects of the vibration on heat transfer are shown by means of thermal performance factor (η) which includes Nusselt number and friction factor in the same formula. As a result, it is observed that, regardless of the variation of the frequency, acceleration or signal type, applying vibration to the turbulator increases the heat transfer and pressure loss simultaneously. For example, the highest heat transfer enhancement is found as 116% whilst the maximum enhancement percentage of the friction factor is about 95%. It is also found that increasing frequency has more effect than increasing acceleration or changing signal types.

Purpose: Significant research on yield improvement of wetland rice provided a greater understanding of stress physiology, but less on ecophysiology of anaerobiosis stress. This paper explores soil conditions that exist because of waterlogging and submergence, reviews the current research of the effect of the ecophysiology of abiotic stress, and the plant's adaptability through its various biochemical pathways and physiological processes. Findings: Rice has morphologically avoided anoxia due to flooding and submergence ecosystems through its aerenchyma tissues that facilitate oxygen diffusion from shoot to root-tips. The plant hormone system plays a central role in the initiation and regulation of most of these adaptive responses. The biochemical responses of submerged rice are mainly mechanisms of avoiding internal anoxia as the oxygen deficit shift the energy metabolism to anaerobic, with greater activity of glycolytic pathway, fermentation enzymes, and involvement of antioxidant defense mechanisms to cope with the post hypoxia/anoxia oxidative stress. Physiological processes including aerobic respiration, photosynthesis, and phytochrome photo-equilibrium of the submerged rice shoots have evolved to adapt to waterlogging stress. Most of the post-anoxic injury is due to the generation of reactive oxygen and toxic oxidative products as acetaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Limitations: This was minimal due to accessibility to the literature. Directions for future research: Future research should be directed towards rice tolerance to waterlogging as well as low water availability and salinity.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide among pregnant women. Although vitamin D supplementation is effective in improving vitamin D status, the safety and optimal dosing of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy remain less well understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in improving vitamin D status during pregnancy. Design: This prospective cohort study assessed the impact of a 16-week daily vitamin D supplementation 1000 IU regimen on vitamin D status among pregnant women. Methods: A total of 365 pregnant women were recruited, and their baseline total circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations were measured. Of these, 249 participants completed the study, which involved oral daily supplementation with 1000 IU of vitamin D and a repeat of total circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations after 16 weeks. Results: The study found that 57.7% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, consistent with the rates reported in other studies. However, vitamin D supplementation at a dose of 1000 IU had a small effect size and was not clinically significant. However, 67% of participants with vitamin D deficiency remained deficient; among participants initially with vitamin D insufficiency, 30% became deficient. Moreover, 26.5% of individuals with sufficient vitamin D status at 12 weeks showed insufficient levels by 28 weeks. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among pregnant women, and vitamin D supplementation at a daily dose of 1000 IU may not adequately address this problem. Although the study has limitations, its results align with previous research and may apply to other populations with a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. Further research is necessary to determine the most effective approach for addressing prenatal vitamin D deficiency. Plain Language Summary: Prevalence and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy Vitamin D deficiency is common among pregnant women and can lead to various health issues. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in improving vitamin D levels during pregnancy. A total of 365 pregnant women were recruited, and their vitamin D levels were measured at the beginning of the study. The participants were given a daily vitamin D supplement of 1000 IU, and their vitamin D levels were measured at 3-month intervals. The study found that more than half of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, which is consistent with the rates reported in other studies. However, vitamin D supplementation at the given dosage had a small effect and did not significantly increase vitamin D levels in pregnant women. Moreover, vitamin D-rich diets had no significant impact on vitamin D levels. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying effective strategies for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. The findings suggest that current strategies advised by international and national guidelines may not be sufficient to address the problem. Further research is needed to identify more effective approaches, including screening, higher safe dosages, and monitoring responses after 3 months of treatment. In summary, vitamin D deficiency is common among pregnant women, and current strategies may not be enough to address the issue. The study highlights the need for effective approaches to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, and further research is needed to find these strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transmission of confidential data using cover media is called steganography. The three requirements of any effective steganography system are high embedding capacity, security, and imperceptibility. The text file's structure, which makes syntax and grammar more visually obvious than in other media, contributes to its poor imperceptibility. Text steganography is regarded as the most challenging carrier to hide secret data because of its insufficient redundant data compared to other digital objects. Unicode characters, especially non-printing or invisible, are employed for hiding data by mapping a specific amount of secret data bits in each character and inserting the character into cover text spaces. These characters are known with limited spaces to embed secret data. Current studies that used Unicode characters in text steganography focused on increasing the data hiding capacity with insufficient redundant data in a text file. A sequential embedding pattern is often selected and included in all available positions in the cover text. This embedding pattern negatively affects the text steganography system's imperceptibility and security. Thus, this study attempts to solve these limitations using the Part-of-speech (POS) tagging technique combined with the randomization concept in data hiding. Combining these two techniques allows inserting the Unicode characters in randomized patterns with specific positions in the cover text to increase data hiding capacity with minimum effects on imperceptibility and security. Format-preserving encryption (FPE) is also used to encrypt a secret message without changing its size before the embedding processes. By comparing the proposed technique to already existing ones, the results demonstrate that it fulfils the cover file's capacity, imperceptibility, and security requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researchers aimed at identifying the effect of behavioral disorders in physically challenged individual sports athletes and the level of its effect on their life. The researchers used the descriptive method on (80) physically challenged individual sport athletes. The researchers designed a scale for behavioral disorders for physically challenged that consisted of four fields. The data was collected and treated to conclude that most athletes have mild behavioral disorders. In addition to that, the researchers concluded that athletic competitions and disability are major reasons for these disorders.

The present paper tackles the dilemma of the artist in contemporary British theatre. It commences by introducing a clear-cut definition of the dilemma of the artist in literature.There are certainly many dilemmas for the artist. One of the most painful is social: How can the artist function as a member of a certain community and, at the same time, retain the distinctiveness of his/her role as an outsider whose social usefulness is based on his/her chronic estrangement from the ordinary concerns of society?; by this, I mean the perplexing dilemma in which the artist finds in his/her struggle to reconcile private desire to public expectation. A second dilemma of the artist is economic: How can artists practice their art? This dilemma has two facets. On the one hand it is related to subsidy the art received from public budget. On the other, it is the materialistic norms of the society in which the artist has immersed himself/herself. Indeed, the dilemma that faces radical artists nowadays is that the popular forms of communication are often controlled by conventional and commercial forces at work in society. However, it is not only money which is the source of the artist's economic dilemma, but rather the existence or the paucity of good audiences. Under such perilous circumstances, the artist's genuine dilemma lies in confronting the Zeitgeist, the general intellectual and moral tendencies of an era, which can be evasive and intangible. According to the above premises, three points will be discussed. 1. The function of the artist and art in society. This will be investigated according to those radical thinkers such as Lukacs, Brecht, Benjamin, Gramsci, Shklovsky and Sartre. It also sheds light on Howard Barker's views of theatre. 2. Art and Commitment. The concept of commitment will be discussed to draw a complete picture of how artists and thinkers responded to it. Accordingly, the cult of "Art for art's sake" in opposition to art for other aims, will be highlighted. No doubt, the idea of commitment forms a crucial component in literature. 3. Art and Politics. It traces the general similarity between the intentions of art and politics. Both are an attempt to give coherence and form to the disorder of experience. However, the nature and function of art implies the inevitable political involvement to a certain degree, on the part of the writer. Sometimes, art is exploited for political propaganda and ideologies.

Let L be a commutative ring with identity and let W be a unitary left L- module. A submodule D of an L- module W is called s- closed submodule denoted by D ≤sc W, if D has no proper s- essential extension in W, that is , whenever D ≤ W such that D ≤se H≤ W, then D = H. In this paper, we study modules which satisfies the ascending chain conditions (ACC) and descending chain conditions (DCC) on this kind of submodules.

This research focuses on modeling and simulating voltage control of passive islanding detections with distributed generation. This research presents how reactive power generation and/or absorption can be utilized to partake voltage control in medium voltage distribution through multi-microgrids for passive islanding detection with rule-based mathematical model and artificial neural network (ANN). With the increased emphasis on renewable energy, modern power grids have become more reliant to smaller distributed generation units. Unlike traditional power grids that rely on larger centralized units, the detection of islanding events in these grids is more complex. However, it is still important to maintain the connection to the power grid to maintain high stability of the system and is also important to deenergize the grid when an islanding event happens, to protect the workers that may be working on the grid to clear the cause of the islanding. Islanding detection methods are categorized into passive, active and communication based. Active methods detect islanding by measuring the influence of noise they add to the grid, to predict the size of the grid, which reduces the quality of the power provided on that grid. Communication-based methods are expensive and highly reliable on the communications infrastructure, which limits their application. Unlike existing methods, the proposed method of ANN relies on the instantaneous current and voltage values to detect any islanding with an accuracy of 97.89% precisely. These values are directly fed to the ANN, i.e., without applying any feature extraction, so that, faster and more accurate decisions are made. The proposed method is expected to combine the high accuracy of ANNs with the faster change in instantaneous values, so that, faster and more accurate detection can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactive body and sound become a visible feature of Iraqi theatre after 2003, due to the importance of body language in today's theatrical performances. A Dream in Baghdad is a pioneering experience, the director of which relied entirely on body language, according to a calculated kinesthetic system. This theatrical performance, which lasted 50 minutes, was silent and did not adopt traditional dialogue. Thus, the director signaled his protest against what is happening in his country, making the actor's body a loud trumpet against darkness, isolation, marginalization, and chaos. For the voices, they sometimes embodied the logic of force, chaos, and war through the sound of ambulances, the sound of missiles and planes. However, they sometimes expressed peace through calm. The decor was characterized by a chaotic state similar to the chaos in Iraq, and the lighting seemed dim. The scene was often bleak, with blood, corpses, body parts, and paramedics present. However, that chaos began to disappear so that the actors could sweep up the remains of the devastation and clearly confirm that the Iraqi people are able to overcome their differences and stop the bloodshed. The director and the author of the play wants to say that the dream is a dream about stability, security, and democracy in Iraq. AbdulSamad sees that the silent theatre may be more eloquent and influential on the recipient in terms of sensing the tragedy of the Iraqis by employing actors' bodies, which speak and express all the facts. The present article is an attempt to see how the Iraqi director, Anas AbdulSamad exploits the body and the sound within the silent theatre in A Dream in Baghdad to send a humanitarian message aimed at building a new Iraq full of love, hope and culture. This is done without uttering any words, through the medium of only the movements of body and sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]