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This work presents studies of the electrocatalytic properties of ternary CoWRe alloys during the hydrogen-evolution reaction in KOH solution and their corrosion properties in KOH, H2SO4 and NaCl solutions. These alloys are electrodeposited from a citrate-pyrophosphate electrolyte with potassium-perrhenate concentrations of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 mol⋅l−1 . As shown, the use of such alloys makes it possible to increase the exchange current density by an order of magnitude and reduce the hydrogen overvoltage by 150 mV compared to electrolytic cobalt. An increase in the content of rhenium in the alloy leads to an increase in the overvoltage of hydrogen evolution in alkaline solutions: both in the KOH solution and in the electrolyte for the deposition of the alloy that explains the high current efficiency when obtaining alloys’ coatings. As shown, the highest corrosion resistance of such coatings with the ratio Re:W = 2:4 reaches 8.9 kΩ⋅cm² in NaCl solution, and in KOH solution, it is of 3.1 kΩ⋅cm², and corrosion resistance increases in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stress-strain state of the foundations of buildings and structures made of weak viscoelastic soils is considered. The mechanical characteristics of a viscoelastic water-saturated soil base were determined experimentally. A macro sample of soil in a pipe about 1 m high had a water lock on top to create excess pore pressure in the sample. Excessive pore pressure simulated the depth of the sample from the surface. From the experiment, the universal parameter of the kinematic model was determined, and the foundation was calculated. Theoretical data obtained within the framework of a kinematic model considering the viscoelastic properties of the soil are compared with the known Flamant solution and experimental data for a stabilized state of the soil. The deviation of vertical displacements from experimental data is no more than 4 % (one-dimensional case). The deviation of the theoretical solution of the flat Flamant-type problem (considering residual pore pressures) from the known solution of the Flamant problem is 16 %. The proposed calculation method makes it possible to predict the deformation of foundations made of water-saturated viscoelastic soils more accurately than the solution for elastic and elastoplastic soils without the influence of pore pressure. The technique is novel because it allows one to simultaneously consider the soil's residual pore pressures and the soil's viscoelasticity.

The object of the study is frame-gantry pile foundations embedded in the soil base. To improve the strength of weak soil base, various methods of reinforcement are used, including the foundation constructions in the form of wedge-shaped piles. The paper deals with laboratory studies of the soil base during the installation of small-scale wedge-shaped piles at different angle. The process of soil shearing under the influence of the loads is registered by deformation control benchmarks arranged in the form of a square grid. The interaction between the soil and the frame-gantry foundations appears in a change of the physical and mechanical characteristics in the near pile area. The tests revealed that when piles are installed at the angle of 30° the bearing capacity of the foundation increased. The average density in the fixed active zone of the soil area increased by 12 %, and the average porosity coefficient decreased by 20 %. The deformation modulus changed by 1.8–2.3 times. The angle of internal friction remained virtually unchanged.

The paper presents the study results of the various recipes of production trout mixed fodders produced by LLC "RybProm" on the condition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) during its cultivation in cages in comparison with the feed produced by Coppens. The physiological condition of the studied fish was evaluated, haematological, biochemical studies and pathological and anatomical autopsy were carried out. It was shown that the feed coefficient in the control group was 1.2, and in the experimental feeds from 1.3 to 1.5. Of the three studied feeds, the feed "Recipe #3" is practically not inferior in feed coefficient and growth rate to the control group. The conducted researches at the cage trout farm showed that the feeds of domestic production correspond to imported analogues. All studied feed recipes are safe for the health of rainbow trout and are sufficiently balanced for its cultivation in cages.

The article discusses feed additives with probiotic activity, the composition and methods of their preparation, an assessment of the situation of the use of synbiotic additives in compound feeds. Generalised literature data on the use of synbiotics in animal husbandry and aquaculture are presented, their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. A review of studies on the use of feed with probiotic activity in the diet of animals, birds and fish proves the high effectiveness of their use: there is an increase in survival, a decrease in feed conversion, an improvement in the microbiota and the general condition of the animal. Based on the review, a new substrate for growing bacterial strains based on a grain heap of wheat in the early stages of ripeness is proposed.

Ensuring a well-organised and sustainable feed base is the main condition for the development of animal husbandry, increasing its productivity and product quality. To ensure active growth and high productivity, probiotic feed additives are added to the feed, which increase the immune response of the host organism to pathogenic microorganisms, increases the conversion of feed and live weight gain. One of the main processes of feed production is extrusion, which can be cold, warm and hot. The hot extrusion process takes place at a temperature above 130℃ and cannot be used in the production of compound feeds with probiotics that withstand temperatures up to 85℃. During cold extrusion, the temperature reaches no higher than 70℃, which allows the extrusion of mixed feed mass, which contains probiotic feed additives.

The use of insects as raw materials for the production of feed additives is becoming an increasingly relevant and promising area of research. Nevertheless, this area requires numerous studies, including theoretical ones. The article presents the results of research on mathematical modeling of the process of obtaining feed additives in the form of fat and protein from the larva of the Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in a screw press. Mathematical models have been obtained that allow theoretically determining the productivity of a screw press and its energy intensity in the processing of insect biomass. The models are based on the Navier–Stokes equation and Darcy’s law and take into account the design and kinematic parameters of the screw press and the rheological properties of the biomass of the face and the resulting fat.

The shortage of fish meal and fish oil provokes the search for alternative sources of these feed components. Insects that are part of the diet of animals, birds and fish, rich in protein and fat, can serve as such an alternative. The article presents the results of testing of compound feed for fish containing the fat of the larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and a feed additive with probiotic activity. The use of the fat of the larva of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and a probiotic feed additive allows increasing the survival rate of fish from 90 to 95%, increase the conversion of feed and the average daily increase. The calculation of the economic efficiency from the use of compound feed, which includes feed additives of animal origin and additives with probiotic activity, showed an increase in profit when replacing compound feed made according to a standard recipe with compound feed with new feed additives. The economic effect of using compound feed with new feed additives amounted to more than 650 thousand rubles per year on small and medium-sized trout farms up to 20 tons per year.

The production of quality and inexpensive feed based on agricultural raw materials is the main way to increase the profitability and competitiveness of livestock production, ensuring its import substitution and high quality. It is known that in the structure of the cost of livestock products, 50-70% of all costs are accounted for by feed. Three variants of a mixture of crushed wheat grain and biomass of the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) were extruded with the content of the latter 10, 15, and 20% by weight at different temperatures. The content of amino acids in raw materials and finished extrudate was determined. It was found that the feed mixture of crushed grain and black soldier fly larvae can be successfully extruded at a temperature of 121-135 °C. With an increase in the extrusion temperature in the range of 115-140 °C, the amino acid content in the finished extrudate decreases. The change in the content of insect larvae in the feed mixture does not affect the nature of the dependence of the amino acid content in the extrudate on the extrusion temperature and the course of the process. It was found that the content of amino acids in the extruded feed decreases with increasing speed with increasing temperature, regardless of the content of insect biomass. The rational range of the extrusion temperature of the feed mixture from wheat grain and insect larvae was determined – 121-127 °C, which ensures a reduction in the content of essential amino acids in the extrudate by no more than 30%. The extruded feed, which includes 15% of the biomass of insect larvae, contains 9.6 ± 0.13% amino acids, including 4.38 ± 2.01% of essential amino acids. The extrusion of insect larvae in a mixture with seeds of grain crops is a promising direction for improving the production of feed for fish and farm animals.

The presence of professional highly qualified personnel in the civil service, together with modern information technologies, is possible thanks to the existence of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. The professional activity of civil servants acts as a subsystem within the civil service system. The study of the peculiarities of personal and professional development of the individual in the civil service will contribute to the disclosure of the psychological mechanisms of this process, the resolution of a number of pressing questions about the methods and possibilities of optimizing professional and personal development, which in turn will contribute to improving labour efficiency. To study the features of personal and professional development of the individual in the Russian Federation Civil Service. Survey among civil servants and comparative analysis of the results obtained in all study groups; statistical processing of the results. 120 respondents took part in the study: federal-state civil servants (40 people) and civil servants of other types (80 people). The main problems and features of personal and professional development of the individual in the civil service of the Russian Federation are identified and the main directions of optimization of the studied process are determined. The process of personal and professional development of civil servants, as will be shown in this study, is an overall result of the professional education and additional professional education, including retraining, advanced training, and internships. The main directions of optimization of the studied process are the following: improving scientific, methodological, and organizational support; increasing the motivation for professional activity and career advancement; improving the efficiency of additional professional education; developing a program for personal and professional self-development; introducing additional forms and technologies for improving professional skills of state civil servants.

Purpose of the study: development of directions and basic model of resocialization of convicts. This study uses a three-factor dichotomous baseline model of convict resocialization with a single “external-internal” dichotomy. This model defines the “vectors of development” of a convict and shows the common factors of this process, which correctional officers need to consider when organizing re-socialization work with this category of people. The research resulted in conclusions from the analysis of three factor-categories of pedagogy: “education”, “training” and “education”, determining the objective (external) position of the individual, and “self-learning” and “self-education”, determining the subjective (internal) position of the individual. While using the principle of “semantic proximity”, a three-factor basic-dichotomous “superimposition” of these factors-categories of pedagogy on such concepts as “values”, “activity”, “intellect” has been performed. This “superposition” results in three combined basic psycho-pedagogical factors (“value education”, “active learning”, “intellectual education”). From this model, it becomes clear what direction correctional officers should work in terms of “developing the consciousness” of the convict, given the factors in question. The novelty of the study is that the work shows specific examples of activities performed by the staff with convicts, which are associated with the implementation of these factors and the impact on the process of resocialization.

A significant problem for practical psychologists is development of own methods necessary for particular and special cases of character research. This requires technologies for creating psychological diagnostic tools that might help to extend, streamline and show a complete picture of the personality, as well as a reliable system for validating the designed instrumentation. Practical psychology needs set forth a social mandate for the development of a classification technology highlighting psychological characteristics of individuals. Purpose of the research: creation of a new methodology for obtaining and measuring information concerning personality accentuations. Methods: a three-factor integrated dichotomic basic approach is used in modelling personality accentuations types and varieties of temperament. The respondents were represented by 187 students of Vologda State University. The research was carried out using the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) test and Holland’s Professional Test Guide. The correlation analysis was used as well in data processing. The validation of the new methodology for measuring personality accentuations was made in terms of constructive validity. The research results extend the scientific concept defining the role and significance of the processes structuring the personality-specific psychological information, based on the use of a dichotomic three-factor basic approach which in turn will contribute to the development of theoretical psychologist’s creative thinking. In addition, the results are aimed at obtaining complete and ordered measurement information on personality accentuations based on the application of the integrated-dichotomic three-factor basic typological approach that is of particular importance for the formation of practical psychologist’s theoretical reasoning. The research results can be used for the purpose of extension of the psychodiagnostic training content.

The problem of the onset, formation, and development of the phenomenon of emotional burnout is relevant in the study of any profession and is an important component for the professional activity of government employees in the Russian Federation. To explore the features of emotional burnout syndrome development in government employees and develop psychological recommendations for its prevention. Psychological testing of government employees and comparative analysis of the obtained results by groups; statistical processing of the obtained results. The study uses the method for diagnosing the emotional burnout level by V.V. Boyko. The experimental groups in the study are formed by 35 government employees who used to hold managerial positions (over 10 years of experience in civil service). The results of the study broaden the understanding of the place of emotional burnout syndrome in the professional activity of government employees. The features and mechanisms lying at the basis of the emergence and development of emotional burnout syndrome in civil servants are described. Ensuring government employees’ effectiveness in their duties calls for conducting a set of measures to reduce emotional burnout: optimization of the organization of activities, a favorable social and psychological climate in the team, and organized work of the psychological service. In the process of selection and training of government employees, it appears reasonable to pay attention to the individual characteristics preventing professional deformation and promote the development of the personal ability to withstand stressors (self-efficacy, confidence in the level of one’s professionalism, developed success goals; tolerance for difficulties and unpredictable situations; self-respect, an adequate level of self-esteem; resilience, the ability to manage professional affairs; the development of individual strategies for coping with stress, etc.).

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of feed samples micronization on proteinogenic amino acids, such as: arginine, lysine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine-isoleucine, methionine, valine, proline, tyrosine, serine, alanine. The optimal parameters of the micronization process of compound feed have been substantiated in order to increase the digestibility of feed and disinfection.

One of the promising directions in the fight against the emergence and spread of farm animal microbiota resistance factors is the development and search for feed additives that can inhibit the SOSresponse. SOS-response is one of the main mechanisms of the occurrence of mutations in bacteria. Plants used in traditional medicine can be a promising source of safe substances that reduce the SOS-response of bacteria. A screening of plants potentially containing substances with antiSOS activity was performed. During the initial screening, the E. coli MG 1655 pRecA-lux biosensor strain with ciprofloxacin as RecA inducer was used. Seven plants were identified whose extracts reduced the expression of the RecA operon. In further experiments on bacteria exposed to antibiotics, we identified four plants whose exstracts significantly reduced the mutagenesis rate of clinical E. coli strains: Austrian broom (Cytisus austriacus), greater celandine (Chelidonium majus), walnut (Juglans regia) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra).

Probiotics are becoming more and more common means of combating intestinal diseases of various origins: infectious pathologies, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders. The complex action, coupled with low side effects, makes probiotics promising drugs, especially in veterinary medicine, with an increasing trend towards the inefficient use of antibiotics in the livestock industry. One of the main mechanisms of probiotics action - modulation of host immunity - is perhaps the most difficult and, at the same time, the most actively studied since it is crucial for therapy. Immunobiotics (probiotics that modulate the host's immune response) interact with various innate and adaptive immune cells, changing the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This action is provided by both the cellular components of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites and is primarily associated with the host's immunocompetent cells' pattern-recognition receptors, although other molecular mechanisms also exist. This review aims to briefly describe both the molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics and the prospects for their use in veterinary medicine.

The questions of development of criteria of evaluation of progress of students are considered in the article. Possible directions of sectional form organization of educational process are rotined in discipline «Physical education» in the conditions of to credit-module systems. Norms are resulted on general and special physical preparation. Positive motivation of students is exposed to employments: the differentiated estimation of progress on physical education stimulates students to regular employments by the chosen type of sport. Underline, that presently absents single system of evaluation of progress of students. Attention on the under exploitation of model of sectional form of employments is accented.

The article presents a study of the interaction of strip foundations of multistorey apartment houses united by flat cylindrical shells with a ground base. The foundation of a 17-storey residential building has been taken as an example. The ground base consists of strong upper and highly compressible underlying layers. The use of traditional foundations under the specified conditions is hardly possible. The calculation scheme of the building and the stages of the ground foundation work are represented. Also, the researchers share the results of geotechnical monitoring in the construction process including observations of settlings at 25 points with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and measurement of layer-by-layer deformations of the ground base under the building to a depth of 10 meters from the surface. The diagrams demonstrate the actual settlement of the building with increasing load and layer-by-layer deformations of the ground base in depth are presented.

The article highlights the issues related to the study of physical and mechanical characteristics of bulk materials, namely internal friction coefficients in static and dynamic modes. An innovative device of the carousel type for determining the frictional characteristics of bulk materials is described, which allows to implement the tasks of practical determination of dynamic coefficients of internal friction. Presented the program, methodology and results of research on the practical study of the internal friction coefficient of typical bulk products of agricultural production in the range of linear velocities of displacement of layers from 0 to 2.79 m/s, the reliability of which is not lower than 0.878.