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Consider the ring $C_c(X)_F$ of real valued functions which are discontinuous on a finite set with countable range. We discuss $(\mathcal{Z}_c)_F$-filters on $X$ and $(\mathcal{Z}_c)_F$-ideals of $C_c(X)_F$. We establish an analogous version of Gelfand-Kolmogoroff theorem in our setting. We prove some equivalent conditions when $C_c(X)_F$ is a Baer-ring and a regular ring. Lastly, we talk about the zero divisor graph on $C_c(X)_F$., Comment: 19 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.06414

Trapped ion modes (TIM) belong to the family of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes, which are one of the important ingredients in heat turbulent transport at the ion scale in tokamak plasmas. It is essential to properly estimate their linear growth rate to understand their influence on ion-scale turbulent transport. A global linear analysis of a reduced gyro-bounce kinetic model for trapped particle modes is performed, and a spectral method is proposed to solve the dispersion relation. Importantly, the radial profile of the particle drift velocity is taken into account in the linear analysis by considering the magnetic flux {\psi} dependency of the equilibrium Hamiltonian H_{eq}({\psi}) in the quasi-neutrality equation and equilibrium gyro-bounce averaged distribution function F_{eq} . Using this spectral method, linear growth-rates of TIM instability in presence of different temperature profiles and precession frequencies of trapped ions, with an approximated constant Hamiltonian and the exact {\psi} dependent equilibrium Hamiltonian, are investigated. The growth-rate depends on the logarithmic gradient of temperature \kappa_{T} , density \kappa_{n} and equilibrium Hamiltonian \kappa_{\Lambda} . With the exact {\psi} dependent Hamiltonian, the growth rates and potential profiles are modified significantly, compared to the cases with approximated constant Hamiltonian. All the results from the global linear analysis agree with a semi-Lagrangian based linear Vlasov solver with a good accuracy. This spectral method is very fast and requires very less computation resources compared to a linear version of Vlasov-solver based on a semi-Lagrangian scheme.

We obtain the phase diagram of fully-packed hard plates on a cubic lattice. Each plate covers an elementary plaquette of the cubic lattice and occupies its four vertices, with each vertex of the cubic lattice occupied by exactly one such plate. We consider the general case with fugacities $s_\mu$ for `$\mu$ plates', whose normal is the $\mu$ direction ($\mu = x,y,z$). At and close to the isotropic point, we find, consistent with previous work, a phase with long-range sublattice order. When two of the fugacities $s_{\rm \mu_1}$ and $s_{\mu_2}$ are comparable, and the third fugacity $s_{\mu_{3}}$ is much smaller, we find a spontaneously-layered phase. In this phase, the system breaks up into disjoint slabs of width two stacked along the $\mu_3$ axis. $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$ plates are preferentially contained entirely within these slabs, while plates straddling two successive slabs have a lower density. In the opposite limit, with $\mu_3 \gg \mu_1 \sim \mu_2$, we find a phase with long-range columnar order, corresponding to simultaneous $Z_2$ symmetry breaking of lattice translation symmetry in directions $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$. The spontaneously-layered phases display critical behaviour, with power-law decay of correlations in the $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$ directions when the slabs are stacked in the $\mu_3$ direction, and represent examples of `floating phases' discussed earlier in the context of coupled Luttinger liquids and quasi-two-dimensional classical systems. We ascribe this remarkable behaviour to the constrained motion of defects in this phase, and develop a coarse-grained effective field theoretical understanding of the stability of power-law order in this unusual three-dimensional floating phase., Comment: Clarifications and some details (including two new figures) added

We study the phase diagram of a system of $2\times 2\times 1$ hard plates on the three dimensional cubic lattice, {\em i.e.} a lattice gas of plates that each cover an elementary plaquette of the cubic lattice and occupy its four vertices, with the constraint that no two plates occupy the same site of the cubic lattice. We focus on the isotropic system, with equal fugacities for the three orientations of plates. We show, using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, that the system undergoes two density-driven phase transitions with increasing density of plates: the first from a disordered fluid to a layered phase, and the second from the layered phase to a sublattice-ordered phase. In the layered phase, the system breaks up into disjoint slabs of thickness two along one spontaneously chosen cartesian direction. Plates with normals perpendicular to this layering direction are preferentially contained entirely within these slabs, while plates straddling two successive slabs have a lower density. Additionally the symmetry between the three types of plates is spontaneously broken, as plates with normal along the layering direction have a lower density than the other two types of plates. Intriguingly, the occupied slabs exhibit two-dimensional power-law columnar order even in the presence of a nonzero density of vacancies. In contrast, inter-slab correlations of the two-dimensional columnar order parameter decay exponentially with the separation between the slabs. In the sublattice-ordered phase, there is two-fold ($Z_2$) breaking of lattice translation symmetry along all three cartesian directions. We present numerical evidence that the disordered to layered transition is continuous and consistent with the three-dimensional $O(3)$ universality class, while the layered to sublattice transition is first-order in nature., Comment: incorporates some corrections and several clarifications

The ExB electron drift instability, present in many plasma devices, is an important agent in cross-field particle transport. In presence of a resulting low frequency electrostatic wave, the motion of a charged particle becomes chaotic and generates a stochastic web in phase space. We define a scaling exponent to characterise transport in phase space and we show that the transport is anomalous, of super-diffusive type. Given the values of the model parameters, the trajectories stick to different kinds of islands in phase space, and their different sticking time power-law statistics generate successive regimes of the super-diffusive transport., Comment: This manuscript contains 13 Pages and 21 figures

Numerical simulations recover ultra slow electron holes (EH) of electron-acoustic genre propagating stably well below the ion acoustic speed where the ion response disallows any known pure electron perturbation. The reason of stability of EH at high ion temperature ($T_{i}> T_{e}$) is traced to the loss of neutralizing cold ion response. In a background of cold ions, $\theta=T_e/T_i\gg 1$, they have an ion compression that accelerates to jump over a forbidden velocity gap and settle on the high velocity tail of the electron distribution $f_e$, confirming to a recently identified limit of the nonlinear dispersion relation. For $\theta=T_e/T_i \le 1$, however, the warm ions begin to supplement the electron response transforming the ion compression to decompression at the hole location and triggering multiplicity of the scales in trapped electron population which prompts an immediate generalization of the basic EH theory.

A model calculation is presented to characterize the anomalous cross-field transport of electrons in a Hall thruster geometry. The anomalous nature of the transport is attributed to the chaotic dynamics of the electrons arising from their interaction with fluctuating unstable electrostatic fields of the electron cyclotron drift instability that is endemic in these devices. Electrons gain energy from these background waves leading to a significant increase in their temperature along the perpendicular direction $T_\perp / T_\parallel \sim 4$ and an enhanced cross-field electron transport along the thruster axial direction. It is shown that the wave-particle interaction induces a mean velocity of the electrons along the axial direction, which is of the same order of magnitude as seen in experimental observations., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.08407

We introduce a family of Maxwellian Demons for which correlations among information bearing degrees of freedom can be calculated exactly and in compact analytical form. This allows one to precisely determine Demon functional thermodynamic operating regimes, when previous methods either misclassify or simply fail due to approximations they invoke. This reveals that these Demons are more functional than previous candidates. They too behave either as engines, lifting a mass against gravity by extracting energy from a single heat reservoir, or as Landauer erasers, consuming external work to remove information from a sequence of binary symbols by decreasing their individual uncertainty. Going beyond these, our Demon exhibits a new functionality that erases bits not by simply decreasing individual-symbol uncertainty, but by increasing inter-bit correlations (that is, by adding temporal order) while increasing single-symbol uncertainty. In all cases, but especially in the new erasure regime, exactly accounting for informational correlations leads to tight bounds on Demon performance, expressed as a refined Second Law of Thermodynamics that relies on the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for dynamical processes and not on changes purely in system configurational entropy, as previously employed. We rigorously derive the refined Second Law under minimal assumptions and so it applies quite broadly---for Demons with and without memory and input sequences that are correlated or not. We note that general Maxwellian Demons readily violate previously proposed, alternative such bounds, while the current bound still holds., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, http://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/pubs/mrd.htm

In this paper, fuzzy h-bi-ideals, fuzzy h-quasi-ideals and fuzzy h-interior ideals of a $\Gamma$-hemiring are studied and some related properties are investi- gated. The notions of h-intra-hemiregularity and h-quasi-hemiregularity of a $\Gamma$-hemiring are introduced and studied along with h-hemiregularity and their characterizations in terms of fuzzy h-ideals are also obtained. The concept of fuzzy h-duo $\Gamma$-hemiring is introduced and some of its characterizations are obtained., Comment: 21 pages accepted for publication in General Mathematics Notes

Various correspondence between fuzzy h-ideals of a $\Gamma$-hemiring and fuzzy h-ideals of its operator hemirings are established and some of their characterizations are given using lattice structure and cartesian product., Comment: 23 pages